互為單值 的英文怎麼說

Fist of all, on the basis of the research of agone boffins, this author investigates the interaction mechanism of bolts and rock, and introduces the elastic ? lastic analytical resolution which is consist of the liner structure, the equivalent reinforced wall rock and the original wall rock in the simple loading from the equivalent well - proportioned view ; this solution is very important meaning for the engineering design. on the basis of coulomb friction model, the author introduces the finite element equation of the contact problem in order to provide the academic foundation for the application of msc. marc. finally, combining the engineering practice of the non - linear analysis of shield tunnel through yellow river of the south - north water transfer and using the model of friction, the author researched the evolution law of stress and displacement field in the structure of grouted rock bolts, and analyzed the effect to the stress and deformation of surrounding rock mass due to anchor supports

首先，在前人研究成果的基礎上，對錨桿與圍巖的相互作用機理進行研究，利用全長錨固錨桿的中性點理論，從等效均化的角度來考慮錨桿對圍巖的加固作用，並推導了在簡單荷載作用下，含有襯砌、等效加固后的圍巖、原始圍巖三者的彈塑性解析解，對工程設計有著重要的參考意義；在數值模擬方面，以考慮錨固圍巖滿足規則化庫侖摩擦模型為基礎，利用虛功原理推導了接觸問題的有限元方程的計算格式，為開發運用大型商用有限元軟體msc . marc提供了理論根據，也形成了本文的理論基礎：最後，論文以南水北調東線穿黃隧洞穩定性分析項目為工程實例，利用本文所述的接觸問題的摩擦模型理論，對錨桿支護結構的應力場、位移場的變化規律進行了研究，分析了加錨支護對隧洞圍巖應力、變形的影響。

This article puts forward a solution named divide - assemble by deducing the size of bp neural network to overcome entering the local best point, the dividing process is that a big bp neural network is divided into several small bp neural networks, every small bp neural network can study alone, after all small bp neural networks finish their study, we can assemble all these small bp neural networks into the quondam big bp neural networks ; on the basis of divide - assemble solution, this article discusses the preprocessing of input species and how to deduce the size of bp neural network further to make it easy to overcome entering the local best point ; for the study of every small bp neural network, this article adopts a solution named gdr - ga algorithm, which includes two algorithms. gdr ? a algorithm makes the merits of the two algorithms makeup each other to increase searching speed. finally, this article discusses the processing of atm band - width distribution dynamically

本文從bp網的結構出發，以減小bp神經網路的規模為手段來克服陷入局部極小點，提出了bp神經網路的拆分組裝方法，即將一個大的bp網有機地拆分為幾個小的子bp網，每個子網的權值單獨訓練，訓練好以後，再將每個子網的單元和權值有機地組裝成原先的bp網，從理論和實驗上證明了該方法在解決局部極小值這一問題時是有效的；在拆分組裝方法基礎上，本文詳細闡述了輸入樣本的預處理過程，更進一步地減小了bp網路的規模，使子網的學習更加容易了；對于子網的學習，本文採用了最速梯度? ?遺傳混合演算法（即gdr ? ? ga演算法） ，使gdr演算法和ga演算法的優點互為補充，提高了收斂速度；最後本文闡述了用以上方法進行atm帶寬動態分配的過程。

The revolution of modern management which is due to the start of information technique is on the way, among them, “ business focus stratege ” and “ business outsourcing ” are two obvious trends. these bring a kind of new mode for the enterprise management, namely more and more enterprises are around a certain entity and come into being limitless networks, and each enterprise manage a business at the special realm of oneself. they neither belong to each other nor give order each other, but obeying certain and common rules, all enterprises join up to creat value for the ultima customers. such business mode is neither a pure market behavior, nor a vertical integration, but is a middle organization between market and enterprise, which we name hyperenterprise

這給企業經營管理帶來一種新的模式，即越來越多的企業圍繞著某一個實體逐漸形成一個無邊的網路，在這個網路中，每一個企業在自己特殊的領域開展生產經營活動，他們互不隸屬也互不發號施令，但是卻自覺地遵循某種共同的規則，因而所有這些企業又無形地聯合起來為最終用戶創造著價值。這樣的企業運作模式既不是無組織的單純市場行為，也不是以往的縱向一體化，而是一種介於市場與企業之間的中間組織，我們把它稱為「超企業」 。

The author has finished the following several jobs in core of the centre : 1 ) the active compensation method based on bang - bang control was put forward to realize the wide range current transformer. the method converts the complex statement space to i / o description by the two - stage current transformer. with the compensation method, the accuracy of 0. 2 grade current transformer can be improved to less than the 0. 1 grade standard at 100 % rating when the primary side current is changed from 2 % to 120 % of the rating

圍繞這一工作核心，作者完成了以下幾項工作： （ 1 ）以實現寬量程電流互感器為目標，提出了基於bang - bang控制的有源補償方法，採用雙級電流互感器，將復雜的狀態控制分量轉化為偏差控制，該方法結構簡單，調試方便，有源補償器輸出電流小，可以將0 . 2級的電流互感器經過補償后提高到一次電流從額定值的2變化到120時，測量誤差不超過一次電流額定值100時準確度為0 . 1級的測量標準。

This paper introduces the development process of wastewater disposal, it ' s auto control system, the level of nowadays and several new techniques of china and foreign countries. the immanent structure, control rules, main features and design methods of auto control systems in wastewater disposal process are studied in this paper. aiming at four typical parameters, such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, ph and the planes of water, the distributed control system is designed, composed by pc called epigyny computer and scm 8098 called hypogyny computer, and some sensors, shift deliver utensils and related meet orifices of parameters gathering and figures communication

本文介紹了國內外污水處理及其自動控制系統的發展過程、當今水平和提高自動化程度的若干新技術；研究了污水處理自動控制系統的內在結構、控制規律、主要特點和設計方法；選取污水處理中的典型參數溫度、溶解氧、 ph值和液位等為控制對象，設計了以個人計算機為上位機、以8098單片機為下位機，並輔之以傳感器、變送器及相關介面單元所構成的二級集散控制系統（ dcs ） ；介紹了幾個主要程序模塊的設計思路、工作過程，這些程序模塊是：用高級語言visualbasic6 . 0開發的上位機人機交互界面程序、數據處理和圖表輸出程序，用執行效率高的匯編語言開發的下位機數據採集與系統監控程序、上位機與下位機之間的數據通信程序，匯編語言與vb之間的轉接程序，等等。

The safety of transmission line plays a important role in power system safety it is not only the requirement of ensure supply power reliability, but also the necessary precondition of enhance power system stabilization, to remove faulty line quickly and accurately, also keep non - faulty line continuous work when some transmission line faults current differential protection is a kind of simple, reliable and good - selective protection manner to any variety of transmission lines, power system development needs current differential protection apply to transmission lines, moreover the advancement of electric and communication technology enable current differential protection apply to transmission lines firstly, the paper discusses, analyses the research and application transmission line protection in detail, compare the principle and realistic presupposition of general line pilot protections secondly, because conventional current vector differential protection are influenced easily by load current and transitional resistance, in order to at the same time quicken protection act, the principle and criterion include work characteristic of differential protect based on fault component sampled values are studied, results shows that differential protect based on fault component sampled values excels general vector current differential protection in reliability, sensitivity and anti - saturation of current transformer in addition, synchronous current sampling methods at all terminals of line is analyzed and estimated lastly, the principle and criterion. also device design about current sampling values differential protection based on optical fiber communication, which apply to short transmission lines are concretely investigated,

基於基爾霍夫定律的電流差動保護無論對於何種形式的輸電線路都是一種簡單、可靠、選擇性強的保護形式，電力系統的發展使得電流差動保護應用於線路保護成為需要，而電子、通信技術的發展使得電流差動保護應用於輸電線路成為可能。首先，本文對目前線路保護的研究和實際應用情況進行了討論和分析，比較了常用線路縱聯保護的實現原理和實現條件及優缺點。其次，針對常規相量電流差動保護易受正常負荷電流和故障過渡電阻影響的缺點，同時為加快差動保護的動作速度，對基於故障分量瞬時采樣值電流差動保護的原理、判據、動作特性等作了討論和分析，結果表明基於故障分量瞬時采樣值電流差動保護在可靠性、靈敏度、抗電流互感器飽和方面明顯優于常規相量電流差動保護，對電流差動保護各端的同步采樣方法和數據通信也進行了分析和評價。

The train of thought is : on the basis of the different factors and importance which effect the land use intensive level, economic benefit and environmental benefit, it determines the evaluation index system and the weight value. based on the standardized firsthand data, it defines weighted sum to found a composite index. thus arranging the composite index in mathematical order, it fixes quantitatively the land use intensive level, economic benefit and environmental benefit to demonstrate quantity, structure, scale, benefit and distribution on land use in small - towns of chongqing

其評價思路為:根據影響小城鎮土地集約利用水平、土地利用經濟效益、環境效益的各因子及其重要程度的不同，確定評價指標體系及指標權重，在對原始數據標準化的基礎上，按照指標權重，將各指標值加權求和，得到小城鎮土地集約利用、土地利用經濟效益、環境效益的綜合指數，按綜合指數從大到小的順序對各評價單元進行排序，定量地確定小城鎮土地集約利用水平、土地利用經濟效益、環境效益，從而找出重慶市小城鎮土地利用的數量、結構、規模、效益特徵及布局特點，根據小城鎮土地利用與區域社會經濟發展的互動關系，分析存在的問題及原因，為小城鎮土地利用優化配置、小城鎮建設用地指標管理提供借鑒。

A half - blind ex - prizefighter maguire and mustang breaker cooper team up with a millionaire bridges and his rough - hewn, undersized horse, seabiscuit. the men bring seabiscuit incredible heights, helping him earn horse of the year honors in 1938. based on a true story

本片由真人真事暢銷小說改編，故事講述1936年，美國正值經濟大蕭條，一個失去一切的汽車大亨，一個落泊的練馬師，一個單眼失明的騎師，三個互不相識的失意男人，因為大亨買了一隻其他馬主不屑一看的普通小馬而聚頭。

Laura hillenbrand s best - selling nonfiction novel comes to life with this spectacular big - screen adaptation. set in the 1930s, seabiscuit weaves its story around three men who turned a seemingly untamable horse into a bona fide champion. jeff bridges is charles howard, a thriving entrepreneur who gives horse racing a shot when his wife leaves him after the death of their son

本片由真人真事暢銷小說改編，故事講述1936年，美國正值經濟大蕭條，一個失去一切的汽車大亨，一個落泊的練馬師，一個單眼失明的騎師，三個互不相識的失意男人，因為大亨買了一隻其他馬主不屑一看的普通小馬而聚頭。

A bearing surface transmits the interaction between an arch dam and its foundation, the strength of which directly affects the constraint of the bedrock to the dam, and thus affects the stress and deformation of the dam. the influence is studied in this paper with nonlinear finite element method, as an example, for a high arch dam in design. the results show that the influence on stress is only limited within the local area near the bearing surface, larger on the maximum principal tensile stress than on the principal compression stress, and the decrease of the strength does not cause unlimited increase of the maximum stress. the influence on the displacement of the top of the dam is smaller than that of the bottom of the dam, especially the relative downstream displacement. at the lower strength of the bearing surface, the relative downstream displacement at the bottom of the dam increases with the decrease of the strength

建基面是傳遞拱壩和基巖相互作用的紐帶，它的強度直接影響基巖對壩體的約束，從而影響壩體的應力和變形.採用非線性有限單元法，以設計中的某高拱壩為例，分析建基面強度對壩體應力和變形的影響.結果表明建基面強度對壩體應力的影響僅限於建基面附近的局部范圍，對最大主拉應力的影響要大於對最大主壓應力的影響，建基面強度的降低不會無限地增大壩體的應力數值；建基面強度對壩頂位移的影響較小，但對壩底位移（尤其是順河向相對位移）的影響較大，當建基面強度較低時，壩底順河向相對位移隨建基面強度的降低而增大

Very recently, schiller and muether at tubingen university suggested a new decomposition approach of the dbhf g matrix, and used to calculate the nucleon self - energy. they, sepa rate the g matrix into a bare nucleon - nucleon interaction v and correction term a g. the projection method is only applied to the correlation term a g, which is parameterized by four pseudo - mesons. then the nucleon self - energy in the dbhf can be calculated with the g matrix in the relativistic hartree - fock approximation

裸相互作用部分，即單玻色子交換勢v對核子dirac自能結構的貢獻可以通過相對論hartree - fock方法得到，只把關聯部分用投影方法處理，並參數化為四種具有無窮大質量贗介子的交換，耦合常數與質量的比值是常數，從而關聯部分g對核子自能的貢獻也可以通過相對論hartree - fock方法求得。

The control system of wind turbine includes individual control and group control. according to the control process and main technical parameter, the paper accomplishes the control system structure design and input - output system design. this paper also deeply analyzes the operation principle of the whole control system and the relation between each part in order to realize the no - person automatic operate

本文以1mw變槳距風電機組為研究對象，根據其主要技術參數及控制工作過程，對其單機控制系統的構成進行了設計，闡述了輸入輸出介面和各個控制環節的運行原理及其相互之間的聯系與約束關系，從而實現在無人值守的條件下，實現多種預定的控制目標，並在此基礎上探討其更廣泛的適應性及實用性。

On an analysis of the characteristics of city commerce, the author points out that modern urban business attracts people not only by its shopping convenience but also by many other appeals, especially where business bears on it recreational values, at present. moreover, business has actually become an indispensable chain and provided intrinsic drive for urban tourism. to support this point of view, the author points out three features of urban tourism : first, tourism has become one of cities " basic functions ; second, urban travel is a popular form of travel among people ; third, urban tourism holds in store substantial potentials

文章首先通過對城市商業發展特徵的分析，指出現代城市商業對人們的吸引力已經由單純的購物吸引力向多元化吸引力轉變，尤其是商業具備了一定的游覽、休閑價值；城市旅遊的發展特徵主要表現為旅遊功能成為城市的基本功能、城市旅遊成為一種大眾旅遊消費形式、城市旅遊購物蘊藏巨大潛力等三個方面，說明商業已經成為城市旅遊發展的必不可少的環節和內在驅動力之一；文章在第一部分還分析了城市商業和旅遊業的關聯性，說明城市商業和旅遊業是兩個互相驅動關聯度很高的產業，兩者之間具備了聯動發展的背景與基礎。

The second is to define which thoughts of the theory are permanent, without changing along with the time, such thoughts, which are unavoidable in persisting in and developing the theory, are as follows : the abstract labor is the only source of the invention of value ; the simple labor and complex labor should be distinguished ; the concept " general worker " should be hold ; the necessary labor determines commodity value ; use value is the deposit of value

其次，必須明確馬克思勞動價值論的哪些內容是不會隨時代的變化而變化從而是我們必須堅持的，這些問題也是堅持和發展馬克思勞動價值論不能迴避的核心問題。文章認為：必須堅持抽象勞動始終是價值的唯一源泉的思想；必須堅持社會必要勞動時間決定商品價值量的思想；必須堅持簡單勞動和復雜勞動劃分及其相互換算的思想；必須堅持「總體工人」的思想；必須堅持使用價值只是價值物質承擔者的思想等等。

Let be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables ， with mean and variance. while the distribution function is unknown ， and is large ， then is a normal approximation distribution

3設相互獨立的隨機變量服從同一分佈，已知均值為，方差為.單分佈函數未知，當充分大時，近似服從正態分佈

We divide document image into two parts - text and background. text area is regarded as a series of random variables with 0 - 1 distribution and background area as a series of random variables with degenerate distribution. because the median filter is robust for degenerate distribution, it can reduce the noise

文本圖像通常可以轉換成二值圖像，我們可以把文本圖像的文字區域和空白區域分別理解為兩個相互獨立的隨機變量序列的依次觀測，其中一個是服從兩點分佈，而另一個服從退化的單點分佈。

Meanwhile, we also study the convergence behavior of iterative detection in different methods, which are the proposed average source entropy and the covariance matrix perturbation characterized by the variations of its dominant eigenvalue as well as the conventional approach based on the mutual information

為了分析迭代譯碼的收斂特性，本文從不同角度出發，在研究了傳統的互信息方法的基礎上，本文首次提出並使用了平均信源熵和用協方差矩陣最大特徵值表徵其抖動這兩種方法，使迭代過程的收斂分析變得簡單方便。

We utilize the mutual inductor to take a sample to the three - phase current, and sample which is enlarged, rectified, filtered, is send into pic single chip microcomputer to deal with. the size of three - phase current on the line is calculated out, which offer the accurate value for the change of controls the equipment state

利用互感器對三相電流取樣，然後通過放大、整流、濾波，實現交直流轉換，送入pic單片機處理，計算出溫室輸電線上三相電流大小，為控制設備狀態的改變提供精確數值依據。

Experiments have demonstrated that, under the condition of constant temperature ( 20 ), the frequency error of double - frequency laser interferometer with two longitudinal modes could be controlled within 10 " 9 even with conditions such as with cool or hot air blowing, it can still be kept within 10 " 7. self - organised fuzzy control methods can be realised in a single - chip processor which contains fuzzy optimisation and self - organisation functions. the above - mentioned system possesses the following advantages : simple

/ znl （式中c為光速， l為諧振腔長， n為空氣折射率，其值約790mhz ） ，原理上對目前可能要求的測量速度都能滿足;它發出的光為一對互相垂直的線偏振光，與塞曼型雙頻激光干涉儀相比，它不用外加軸向磁場及1 / 4波片，因此結構簡單，造價低廉。