價電子層 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jiàdiànzicéng]
價電子層 英文
valence shell
  • 價 : 名詞1. （價格） price 2. （價值） value 3. [化學] （化合價） valence
  • 電 : Ⅰ名詞1 （有電荷存在和電荷變化的現象） electricity 2 （電報） telegram; cable Ⅱ動詞1 （觸電） give...
  • 子 : 子Ⅰ名詞1 （兒子） son 2 （人的通稱） person 3 （古代特指有學問的男人） ancient title of respect f...
  • 層 : i 量詞1 （用於重疊、積累的東西 如樓層、階層、地層） storey; tier; stratum 2 （用於可以分項分步的...
  • 電子 : [物理學] [電學] electron
  1. Using cd, cu, zn and cr as experimental toxicants and crucian as experimental creature, we employed the environmental biotechniques ( flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, the method of improved pyrogallol autoxidation and electron microscopy ) to study the acute toxicity and secure concentrations of heavy metals to crucian ; the accumulation and distribution of mixed heavy metals to fingling crucian ; the activities of superoxide dismutase ( sod ) of gill and liver tissues and the hispathological and ultrastructural change of superfine structure of liver and kidney of crucian after cadmium exposure. through which, we intended to fully and systemically study the toxic influence of heavy metals to fish, and preliminarily discuss the influence of heavy metals pollution to the diversified level of fish such as individual, organ, tissue, cell and molecule. thus we tried to provide scientific evidence to establish preventative management measures, avoid and relieve the harm of heavy metals pollution to aquicolous ecosystem in time

    隨后以這幾種重金屬作為實驗毒物，以鯽魚為實驗動物，應用環境生物技術、火焰原子吸收分光光度法、鄰苯三酚自氧化法、透射電鏡等技術研究了重金屬cu 、 zn 、 cd和cr對鯽魚的急性毒性及其安全濃度評價、混合重金屬在鯽魚幼體組織內的積累和分佈、 cd對鯽魚鰓和肝臟中sod活性的影響、 cd對鯽魚肝細胞和腎細胞超微結構的影響等，全面和系統地研究了水環境中重金屬暴露對魚類的毒性影響，初步探討了重金屬污染對魚類的個體? ?器官? ?組織? ?細胞? ?分子等各水平層次的影響，為制定漁業生產上預防性的管理措施提供科學依據，及時避免或減輕重金屬污染對水生生態系統造成的損害。
  2. At present, the investigation of trading model in the native still rest on realising the traditional trading model using information skills, little work has been done in lucubrating the business model and exercising successfully. although foreign investigation has gained some successes and brought forward some typical trading models such as fixed price selling, biliteral multi - step negotiation and all kinds of auction, there still exists some problem such as information overloading or resource mazing in these models, which aggravate users " burden. how to realise an efficient, intelligent trading model based on the multi - agent technique has become an important task for the research of electronic commerce

    目前，國內對電子商務的研究還停留在以信息化實現傳統交易模型的層次上，真正深入研究業務模型並成功應用的還很少?國外研究雖然取得一定突破，並提出了幾種典型的市場交易模型如:定價交易，雙邊多步協商交易，以及各種形式的拍賣拍買交易等?但這些模型大都存在信息過載或資源迷向的問題，增加了交易主體的負擔，如何應用多代理技術實現一種高效
  3. A simple and useful characterization of the outer electrons in an atom is the idea of valence.

    對原子外層電子的簡單而有用的描述是原子價的概念。
  4. The outer ring contains the valence electrons.

    排在外層的有價電子。
  5. The ability of carbon to form stable compounds in such astonnishing numbers arises in that it utilizes its four valence electrons completely in the establishment of four covalence, its valence shell becomes saturzted

    試譯一下：碳能組成（有著）如此驚人數量的穩定的化合物在於它在四價共價健的建立中充分利用自己的四價電子，它的化學價層才能得以飽和。
  6. Halogen atoms contain seven electrons in their valence shell, and, consequently, are monovalent.

    鹵原子在它們的價電子層含有七個電子，因此是一價的。
  7. Abstract : this paper, by analyzing the effect of differences of mineral structure of 2 1 layer minerals, the properties of their interlayer charge and changes of some properties caused by weathering on the attractive force for interlayer cation, reached the conclusion that : the fixation capacity is determined by the ratio of the total amount of interlayer charge and that of tetrahedral charges. the relationship of interlayer cation fixation and octahedral structure of secondary minerals is probably different from that of primary minerals. the oxidation and reduction of variable valence cations can greatly influence the cation fixation capacity

    文摘:分析2 1型礦物的結構差異、層間電荷性質以及在風化過程中某些性質的變化對層間陽離子吸引力的影響，對已有報道中一些矛盾的結果或不具普遍意義的結論進行了討論.得出幾個較為明確的結論：層間總電荷與四面體電荷所佔比例大小共同決定礦物對層間陽離子的固定能力；原生礦物中八面體結構與層間陽離子固定間的關系對次生礦物而言，也許並不一致；八面體中可變價陽離子的氧化還原，可導致礦物固定陽離子能力發生較大變化
  8. （ free radical are a highly reactive group of atoms, molecules or radicals, which carry unpaired electron in outer orbital

    外層軌道上有單個不配對價電子的原子、原子團或分子。
  9. Except for the transitional elements, valency electrons are in the outermost electron shell.

    除去過渡元素外，價電子位於最外面的電子層。
  10. Hitachi meets your needs in leading - edge surface mounting systems from a higher perspective and with a higher reliability

    日立高科技以其他企業所沒有的企業個性和價值，憑借更高的層次和更高的可靠性滿足著電子零件安裝技術的最尖端需求
  11. The content of each part follow as : in the first chapter, as start point and base of the paper, this part focuses on the basic study of definition characteristic of no, and the existing base of no - e - commerce environment ; in the second one, this part studies the theory base of no comprehensively applying the theories of core competence competent strategy and transaction cost ; chapter three studies the no from the coordination of no, and gives the structure clarification and characteristic of no firstly, at the same time, put forward the concept of virtual enterprise cluster ; based on such conclusion, studies the model of no from life cyc organization level process and value chain, and operational mode ; in chapter four, a theoretical explanation was addressed on the above structure by modeling no with game theory and graphic theory ; in the fifth chapter, on the bases of analysis of no operational risks, coordination mechanism of no was studied by individually modeling the no without core and no with core, and then put forward the solution for coordination mechanism of no ; as an important component of coordination mechanism of no, chapter six explored some basic concept of trust and importantly put forward the way of how to build trust in no, especially investigated the supporting function of valid reputation mechanism of no for the trust building, importantly an operational method on building reputation mechanism and evaluation method in no were given ; the last chapter applied the conclusion of the paper to investigate the famous trade web - sunbu. com analyzed its shortcoming and gave the advices of developing

    全文共分為七章，主要內容如下：第一章作為全文的理論出發點和基礎，圍繞網路組織的定義、特徵以及網路組織生存基礎- -電子商務環境等方面對網路組織的基本概念進行了闡述；第二章綜合運用核心能力、競爭戰略和交易費用理論對網路組織產生的理論基礎進行闡述；第三章首先從組織協調的角度對網路組織進行了研究，給出了網路組織的結構，分類和特徵，同時並給出了虛擬企業群簇；然後在此基礎上分別研究了網路組織的生命周期模型、層次模型、過程模型、價值鏈模型，以及運行模式；第四章綜合運用博弈論、圖論的相關知識，通過構建網路組織的模型，對上一章所研究的網路組織結構的形成機理給出了一種理論解釋；第五章在分析網路組織運行風險的基礎上，分別建立無盟主網路組織的博弈論模型和有盟主網路組織的博弈論模型，詳細研究了網路組織的協調機制，然後給出了網路組織協調機制的解決方案；第六章作為網路組織協調機制的重要組成部分，本章在討論了網路組織中建立信任機制的必要性的基礎上，研究了網路組織信任關系的類型，提出了在網路組織中如何建立信任機制。
  12. Through analysis on the structure of valence electron shell, the atom radius, the bonding orbital and other important parameters, this paper discusses the irregularity in the second circle of nonmetal elements and the irregular courses

    摘要本文通過對第二周期元素價電子層結構、原子半徑、成鍵軌道及其重要參數的分析，討論了第二周期非金屬元素的不規則現象，並且分析了產生這些不規則性的原因。
  13. Internal resource analysis of traditional retail enterprise ; retail enterprises are divided into three hierarchies from the knowledge theory, which are distinguished by the indexes of deposited knowledge with applying ahp and the indexes of the extent of information with applying the principal components analysis

    將電子商務轉型策略選擇的內部資源分析界定在企業知識觀上；基於知識觀，採用基於模糊一致性的層次分析法評價零售企業知識存量；同時，結合現有的研究成果，考察零售企業的信息化程度，採用主成分因素分析法確定信息化評價指標體系的權重，最後完成基於知識觀的零售企業層次。
  14. In this model the arrangement of bonds around the central atom is considered to depend upon how many valence-shell electron pairs.

    在這個模型中，認為圍繞中心原子的化學鍵的排列取決于價層中電子對的數量。
  15. Moreover, recent literature in management accounting strongly argues the performance measures must be linked to the strategies and actions of a firm. the survey finds there is no difference between the two strategic types ( prospector, defender ) of firms with respect their ratings of the relative importance of financial versus nonfinancial measures for the purposes of decision making. more than half firms rated financial and nonfinancial measures as equally important for short and / or long - term decision making

    然而，從我們對中國電子行業的38家企業的問卷調查結果來看，企業規模（包括員工人數、銷售收入和層級個數）大小與非財務指標的使用沒有顯著的相關關系;對于企業的長、短期決策而言，財務或非財務指標的相對重要性有略微的差異，不同的戰略類型與財務和非財務業績評價指標的相對重要性之間沒有相關關系，半數以上的問卷認為在長期目標和短期目標的實現上，財務和非財務業績評價指標同等重要;戰略類型與非財務業績評價指標的使用沒有明顯的相關關系。
  16. Since it is mostly welcome by all walks of life, the dual application has turned into a trend in recent years. the international brands are exploring the way to use shell moulds to cover the products. the covering of shaft of high quality tools, toys, car accessories and electronic products makes the product trendy and higher value

    由於受到廣大消費者的歡迎，雙物料的應用在近幾年已形成產品設計一大潮流，國際名牌無不想盡辦法在其產品利用殼模包覆，在高級手工具握把玩具汽機車配件及電子產品等包覆上一層手感舒適的熱可塑性彈性體tpe ，令其產品更有時代感，朝高價位路線發展。
  17. The items carried out in this course including uv - vis analysis of dyes and organic compounds, determination of cr6 + in aqueous solution, quantitative analysis of inorganic phosphate, quantitative analysis of fe2 +, quantitative analysis of amino acid, application of atomic absorption, conductivity titration, acid - base titration, application of liquid chromatography, anionic chromatography, cationic chromatography, total organic carbon analysis, determination of chlorophyll and application of infrared spectrometer

    實驗項目包括染料色素及有機物的紫外光可見光譜分析、水中六價鉻含量測定、無機磷酸鹽的比色定量、試樣中鐵的比色定量、胺基酸的比色定量、原子吸收光譜法的應用、電導滴定方法的應用、酸減滴定法的應用、液相層析方法的應用、陰離子層析、陽離子層析，氣體層析、總有機碳分析、葉綠素含量測定及紅外線光譜法應用。
  18. The experimental results show that the transition from no ground state to the resonant intermediate state follows special selection rule. the main reason for the special selection rule of no is that the most excited states ( including the a2 +, f2, h 2, c2, d2, e2 ) are ryderberg type and the ground state configuration of no is sufficiently appreciated by that of an alkali atom

    我們所研究的上述no分子的激發態都屬于里德堡態，其性質與堿金屬原子類似，而no分子的基電子態最外層價電子運動與堿金屬原子d軌道電子運動類似，它遵循堿金屬原子的雙光子與4光子吸收躍遷選擇定則。
  19. Based on related evaluation theories, such as the cost - benefit analysis, outcomes assessment, usability evaluation and consumer satisfaction index, the study adopts both quantitative and qualitative methods to evaluate both specific electronic resources ( such as electronic journals, full - text databases and so on ) and the whole library electronic resources

    論文以「成本?收益分析」 、 「效果評價」 、 「可用性評價」和「顧客滿意度」等理論為基礎，採用定量分析與定性分析相結合的測評方法，分別探討了微觀層面的特定類型電子資源的使用評價和宏觀層面的圖書館整體電子資源使用評價問題。
  20. The multi - layer model algorithm not only calculates the thickness of gate dielectric but also validates whether the model is proper. it has high practical merit to analyze the structure of gate dielectric

    這種演算法和軟體的實現對于mos柵介質層的結構分析有很高的實用價值，對于微電子器件的結構研究有一定的推動作用。
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