In this paper, pan based metal gradient composites films ( pmgcf ) were prepared by electrochemical reduction. the effect of polymer matrix on pmgcf and preparation and its forming mechanism of pmgcf were invested, they are as follows : lacrylonitrile - methyl - methacrylate copolymer, acryonitrile - itaconic acid copolymer, acrylonitrile - methyl methacry late - sodium allyl sulfonate terpolymer have been synthesized seperately in order to analyze the effects of the mma monomer unites and the hydrophilic unites of acryonitrile terpolymer on the process of copper deposition in polyacrylonitrile - based metal gradient composite film ( pmgcf ) as well as the flexibility of the film
其內容如下： 1通過合成的丙烯腈?甲基丙烯酸甲酯二
元共聚物（ p （ an - mma ） ） ，丙烯腈?亞甲基丁二酸二
元共聚物（ p （ an - ita ） ） ，丙烯腈-甲基丙烯酸甲酯?丙烯磺酸鈉三
元共聚物（ p （ an - mma - as ） ）分別作為基體制備了聚合物基金屬
梯度復合膜材料（ pmgcf ） ，以分析加入的mma基團和親水性基團對pmgcf沉積層中金屬銅的
梯度分佈形態和膜的柔韌性的影響。
About 3, 000b. c. egyptian king djoser decided to be laid away in a tomb made of six mastabas of decreasing size placed one on the top of the other
大約在公
元前3000年，埃及卓塞國王決定死後埋在六個由下向上逐個縮小的
梯形方石墓迭落而成的墳墓里。
Maximum - norm superapproximation of the gradient for the tensor - product quadratic rectangular parallelepiped finite element
張量積二次長方體有限
元梯度最大模的超逼近
This article puts forward a solution named divide - assemble by deducing the size of bp neural network to overcome entering the local best point, the dividing process is that a big bp neural network is divided into several small bp neural networks, every small bp neural network can study alone, after all small bp neural networks finish their study, we can assemble all these small bp neural networks into the quondam big bp neural networks ; on the basis of divide - assemble solution, this article discusses the preprocessing of input species and how to deduce the size of bp neural network further to make it easy to overcome entering the local best point ; for the study of every small bp neural network, this article adopts a solution named gdr - ga algorithm, which includes two algorithms. gdr ? a algorithm makes the merits of the two algorithms makeup each other to increase searching speed. finally, this article discusses the processing of atm band - width distribution dynamically
本文從bp網的結構出發，以減小bp神經網路的規模為手段來克服陷入局部極小點，提出了bp神經網路的拆分組裝方法，即將一個大的bp網有機地拆分為幾個小的子bp網，每個子網的權值單獨訓練，訓練好以後，再將每個子網的單
元和權值有機地組裝成原先的bp網，從理論和實驗上證明了該方法在解決局部極小值這一問題時是有效的；在拆分組裝方法基礎上，本文詳細闡述了輸入樣本的預處理過程，更進一步地減小了bp網路的規模，使子網的學習更加容易了；對于子網的學習，本文採用了最速
梯度? ?遺傳混合演算法（即gdr ? ? ga演算法） ，使gdr演算法和ga演算法的優點互為補充，提高了收斂速度；最後本文闡述了用以上方法進行atm帶寬動態分配的過程。
Abstract : a cad tool based on a group of efficient algorithms to verify, design, and optimize power / ground networks for standard cell model is presented. nonlinear programming techniques, branch and bound algorithms and incomplete cholesky decomposition conjugate gradient method ( iccg ) are the three main parts of our work. users can choose nonlinear programming method or branch and bound algorithm to satisfy their different requirements of precision and speed. the experimental results prove that the algorithms can run very fast with lower wiring resources consumption. as a result, the cad tool based on these algorithms is able to cope with large - scale circuits
文摘:介紹了一個基於標準單
元布圖模式的電源線/地線網路的輔助設計集成工具.它應用了一系列高效的演算法，為用戶提供了電源線/地線網路的設計、優化和驗證的功能.非線性優化技術、分枝定界演算法和不完全喬萊斯基分解的預優共軛
梯度法是該工作的三個主體部分.用戶可以選擇使用非線性規劃的方法或者幾種分枝定界方法來滿足他們對于精度和速度方面的不同需求.實驗結果表明，文中所提供的演算法可以在很快的運行速度下實現更低的布線資源佔用.因此，在這些有效演算法基礎上實現的輔助設計工具具有處理大規模電路的能力
Rent : usd7500 / month or rmb 62000 / month. include tax, management fee, maintenance fee for elevator, air conditioner, heating floor system, hot water boiler, water softener system
月租：美金8000
元。包稅金，管理費，電
梯維修保養費，空調保養費，地暖保養費，鍋爐及軟水系統保養費。
( 3 ) according to the actual geology situation in the material field, use the " alternation " principle of the value engineering analysis methods, and then find a better construction method to satisfy the requirement of rock - fill material, through using chamber blasting to substitute muffling and using an - fo to substitute ammonium nitrate explosive, and then huge economical benefits were gained, for example, the unit cost of its rock - fill material reduced from 11. 77 m3 to 7. 17 / m3, and directly reduced the total cost by 4. 26 million of cost
（ : 3 ）依據料場的實際地質情況，通過價值工程活動，利用價值分析的「代替」原理，在滿足堆石料功能不變的條件下，採用洞室爆破代替深孔
梯段爆破，採用按油炸藥代替錢
梯炸藥，使得堆石料的開采成本顯著降低，從投標價的h . 70
元/ m3降低到7 . 17
元/ m3 ，降低了4 . 53
元/ mj ，以上壩堆石料94 . 2萬m 「計，直接降低成本426 . 75萬
元，產生了巨大的經濟效益。
In the paper, the finite element simulation software dynafrom is applied to analyze the affect of different blank holder during the forming process of laminose stepped tubular part, predict the possible defects such as wrinkle and break, obtain the rational style of blank holder avoiding the occur of defects and determine the rational configuration of die. the forming affect of thin - wall shallow stepped tubular part is analyzed when using different lubricate condition ( friction coefficient ). by this method, the relationship between friction coefficient and drawing depth of laminose stepped tubular part is obtained
本文利用有限
元模擬軟體dynafrom分析了不同類型的壓邊圈對薄壁階
梯筒形件成形過程的影響規律，預測了採用不同類型壓邊圈時可能出現的成形缺陷如起皺和拉裂，獲得了防止缺陷產生的合理壓邊圈形式，確定了合理的模具結構形式；分析了不同的潤滑條件（摩擦系數）對薄板階
梯筒形件成形的影響，獲得摩擦系數與薄板階
梯筒形件的拉深深度的關系；分析了階
梯筒形件成形過程中的不同階段的應力應變分佈、毛坯材料厚度變化情況，並獲得了階
梯階
梯筒形件能一次拉深成形的條件。
The thesis selects canny operator to segment the image because canny operator can provide the gradient orientation angle and it can segment the image efficiently
因為canny運算
元能夠提供
梯度方向角，而且其分割效果也較為理想，本文採用了canny運算
元進行圖象分割。
Here we report that growth cones of rat cerebellar axons in culture turned away from a gradient of sdf - 1, a chemokine that attracts migrating leukocytes and cerebellar granule cells via a g protein - coupled receptor ( gpcr )
以前的證據表明， sdf - 1 ，一種經典的chemokine ，能夠吸引白細胞和遷移中的神經
元，這種作用是通過g蛋白耦聯受體介導的。利用生長錐轉向分析，我們發現sdf - 1的濃度
梯度能夠吸引或排斥培養的小腦顆粒細胞的生長錐。
The classical method of the edge detection is built on the grad of the image function, and in this method the edges are detected well, ( especially the log operator )
經典的邊緣檢測方法利用
梯度的思想檢測邊緣，有很好的效果（特別是log運算
元） 。
On the basis of fuzzy matter - element analysis, a fuzzy matter - element model for evaluation of compensation benefits of cascade reservoirs on the mainstream of the yellow river was established by combination with the concept of euclid approach degree
摘要在模糊物
元分析的基礎上，結合歐氏貼近度的概念，建立了基於歐氏貼近度的黃河幹流
梯級水庫補償效益方案評價的模糊物
元模型，採用主客觀賦權法計算評價指標的權重。
Abstract : this paper studies the structure, function and realization of ceramic / metal gradient thermal barrier coatings dynamic design software by combining the conceptions of thermal barrier coatings ( tbcs ) and functional gradient materials ( fgms ). through a typical example, it compares and analyses the simulation results of temperature field in the multiplayer gradient cylinder model calculated by analytical method, finite difference method and finite element method
文摘:結合熱障塗層和功能
梯度材料的概念，研究陶瓷/金屬
梯度熱障塗層動態設計軟體的結構與功能及其實現過程.通過具體的例子，對多層圓筒模型的溫度場的解析解、差分解及有限
元解的模擬結果進行了比較及分析
This paper also researches on thermal elastoplastic analysis model of multilayered graded coating structures on the basis of thermal elastoplastic analysis model of trilayered materials with the focus on the structural character of graded coating. it builds the thermal elastoplastic analysis theory for the graded coating structure that has a single plastic layer or two plastic layers. it gives the analytical formulas of thermal stresses and the thermal elastic - plastic transform temperatures of graded coating that has a single plastic layer or two layers under the thermal loading
針對
梯度塗層的結構特徵，在建立的三層疊層材料熱彈塑性分析模型的基礎上，對多層
梯度塗層結構的熱彈塑性分析模型進行了研究，分別建立了含單個塑性層和兩個塑性層的
梯度塗層結構的熱彈塑性分析理論，給出了在熱載荷作用下含單個塑性層和兩個塑性層的
梯度塗層的熱彈性-塑性臨界溫度和熱應力分析公式，利用有限
元分析對理論模型進行了驗證。
But can keep even gradient magnetic field range strong, hall ' s component can only measurement displacement among a small circle ( usually only about 1mm )
然而，能保持均勻
梯度磁場的范圍不大，霍爾
元件只能小范圍（通常僅約1mm ）的測量位移。
The course covers non - sequential ray tracing, sources, detectors, objects, ray splitting, scattering, ghost analysis, stray light analysis, prisms, fresnel lenses, multi - element lenses, gradient index, polarization and thin film modeling
本課程涵蓋了非連續光線的追跡、光源、探測器、物體、分光、散射、鬼像分析、雜散光分析、棱鏡、菲涅耳透鏡、多
元件透鏡、
梯度折射率、偏振和薄膜的建立。
Also, the author ’ s design strategy and creativity has been given in this paper. specifically, it includes : based on the feasibility analysis of the fit selection of control parameters in the aeration process, the aeration process of wastewater treatment of the joint - constructional complete - mixed activated sludge process has been aimed at in this paper. then, the state equations of the aeration process have been proposed in this paper, which is on the base of dissolved oxygen concentration ( do ) and discharge quantity of sludge ( qw ) as control variables, the concentration of bod and sludge as state variables. based on the present study on optimization control of wastewater treatment, the multivariable optimal control model with restriction factor has been presented in the paper with introducing modern control theory and system analysis into the field of activated sludge wastewater treatment,
具體包括:以完全混合、表面曝氣合建式活性污泥工藝的污水處理曝氣過程為研究對象，在闡述了曝氣過程式控制制參數選取可行性的基礎上，建立了以溶解氧濃度do和活性污泥排放量qw為控制變量，以曝氣池中有機物濃度s和微生物濃度x為狀態變量的活性污泥曝氣過程的基本狀態方程;運用現代控制理論的觀點和污水處理理論，在現有關于污水處理最優控制問題研究的基礎上，建立了有約束條件多變量能耗最小數學模型，該數學模型是以有機物排放總量和狀態變量的末值條件作為約束條件，曝氣過程的能耗最小作為目標泛函;採用增廣拉格朗日乘子法對最優控制問題進行轉化，並對應用極大值原理求解能耗最小這一最優控制問題進行了詳細的解析;引入約束運算元，應用具有控制約束的共軛梯度演算法對能耗最小這一最優控制問題進行求解，並進行模擬實驗驗證。
