共變曲線 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [gòngbiànqūxiàn]
共變曲線 英文
covariant curve
  • 共 : 共動詞[書面語]1. （圍繞） surround2. （兩手合圍） span with the hand
  • 曲 : 曲名詞1 （一種韻文形式） qu a type of verse for singing which emerged in the southern song and ji...
  • 線 : 名詞1 （用絲、棉、金屬等製成的細長的東西） thread; string; wire 2 [數學] （一個點任意移動所構成的...
  • 曲線 : [數學] curve; bight; bought; profile; net曲線板 french curve; irregular curve; curve board; splin...
  1. The study investigated aboveground growths of caragana korshinskii and artemisia ordosica planted in four modes, revealing that in different planting modes their densities, heights and canopy width and biomasses remained unchanged or tended to decrease slightly ; the young shoots of a. ordosica annually grew in a s - shaped cure and the young shoots of c. korshinskii grew fast in spring and grew slowly or cease to grow from july on ; the biomasses and leaf area indexes of c. korshinskii and a. ordosica annually varied in a double peak curve and there were 8 annual plants that invaded in the four planting modes and formed higher coverage ; the quadrat with only a. ordoska appeared to have obviously lower coverage and biomass that the other three quadrats

    摘要對騰格里沙漠東南緣2種人工植被檸條和油篙在4種配置方式下地上部分的生長動態進行了研究，結果表明：不同配置方式下它們的密度、高度、冠幅和生物量基本不變或略微呈下降趨勢；油篙新梢的年生長動態呈s型曲線，檸條新梢春季生長速度較快， 7月份以後生長速度緩慢或基本停止生長；檸條、油篙地上生物量和葉面積指數的年變化均表現為雙峰型， 4種配置方式下共有8種1年生植物人侵，並具有較高的植被蓋度；同其它3個樣地相比，純油篙樣地1年生植物的密度、蓋度和生物量明顯偏低。
  2. Based on the analyses on mechanical properties, microstructure and fracture of - the microalloyed steels socrv with various heat treatment technique, it can be affirmed that various fractures arttribute to various mechanism, we can draw conclusion that the strength and toughness of microalloyed steels 50crv will be increase simultaneously by optimal heat treatment technique. to illustrate the mechanism of the strength and toughness of microalloyed steels socrv, we designed the comparative experiment and observed the microstructure of the sample which occurred at different quench and tempering temperature and different tempering time. the last experiment results were determined by the four factors : fined microalloyed elements grains, the decompound of martensite, martensite transformation of remnant austenite and the second phase precipitation

    為解釋微合金化50crv鋼強韌化機理，本文通過對不同淬火溫度，回火溫度，回火時間下的力學性能指標的對比及顯微分析，認為微合金元素的細化晶粒，馬氏體的回火分解，殘余奧氏體的轉變，第二相的沉澱析出共同決定了微合金鋼的強韌化情況，特別是由於微合金元素的存在，其細化晶粒及其碳氮化物的沉澱析出，導致鋼的良好的強韌性，並且如果工藝滿足第二相的沉澱析出強化大於回火馬氏體分解引起的軟化效應，會在硬度曲線中產生明顯的二次硬化現象。
  3. This article choosed out organic phase change materials, and, the solid - liquid - equilibrium of eleven binary system including fatty alcohol / fatty acid, n - octadecane / fatty acid, n - octadecane / fatty alcohol system were determined by cooling curve, and, t - x phase diagrams of these systems were drawn. the result shows that all these systems are simple eutectic, at the same time, the entropy of phase change of every system in the eutectic point is determined by using differential scanning calorimetry ( dsc ). and n - octadecane / fatty acid systems were calculated theoretically

    本文初選出部分有機相變貯能材料，採用步冷曲線法測定了12醇-羧酸系列、 18烷-羧酸系列、 18烷- 12醇體系共11組體系的二元固液相平衡關系，繪制了這11組體系的t - x相圖，測定結果表明，這幾組體系均為簡單低共熔體系；同時利用差熱掃描量熱法（ dsc ）對上面各組體系低共熔點處的相變焓進行了測定；並對18烷-羧酸系列進行了熱力學理論預測。
  4. Firstly, we generalize and analyze the advantages and present research of elliptic curve cryptography ; secondly, we study the basic theory of the ecc ; thirdly, we illustrate the safety of the ecc and discuss the elliptic curve key agreement scheme, elliptic curve encryption scheme and elliptic curve digital signature algorithm ; fourthly, we study fast algorithms of the multiplication and inversion multiplication of the element of in the underlying finite field f2m whose characteristic is two represented by the two basis of optimal normal basis and polynomial basis. we make improvements to the fast algorithm of the polynomial basis multiplication by hankerson and base on the experiments, we describe the properties and compare the advantages of the multiplication and inversion multiplication of the elements in f2m field under optimal normal bases and polynomial basis. results concluding from the study car be used as references in the realization of the elliptic curve cryptosystem ; fifthly, we overview the current fast algorithm of point multiplication, improve the fix base point comb algorithm, advance the speed of the whole system and remark the advantages and disadvantages of the popular algorithms based upon the experimental datas ; sixthly we realize the algorithm library of elliptic curve cryptography based on the f2m. only change slightly in our algorithm library can we realize the ecdh, eces, ecdsa based onf2m of anysize ; seventhly, we realize the ecc on two secure elliptic curves, including ecdh, eces, ecdsa

    本文首先介紹並分析了橢圓曲線密碼體制的優點及研究現狀；其次研究了橢圓曲線密碼體制的基本理論；第三，分析了橢圓曲線密碼的安全性並介紹了密鑰共享，加密，數字簽名等橢圓曲線密碼體制；第四，深入研究了特徵為2的有限域f _ 2m中的元素在多項式基和最優正規基表示下的乘法運算和乘法逆運算的快速演算法，並對hankerson等人提出的多項式基下的乘法運算的快速演算法作了改進，而且在實驗的基礎上不僅分析研究了f _ 2m域中元素在多項式基和最優正規基表示下的乘法和乘法逆運算的性能，還對這兩種基表示下的f _ 2m域中元素運算效率的優劣作了比較和研究，所得的結論可供在實現橢圓曲線密碼體制時參考；第五，研究了目前流行的計算橢圓曲線標量乘法的快速演算法，同時改進了固定基點梳形法，提高了整個系統的速度，並在實驗的基礎上分析研究了流行演算法的優劣；第六，實現了基於f _ 2m的橢圓曲線密碼體制的演算法庫，在我們的演算法庫中只需稍微改變便能實現基於任意尺寸的f _ 2m上的ecdh ， eces ， ecdsa等橢圓曲線密碼體制；第七，實現了兩條安全橢圓曲線上的橢圓曲線密碼體制，包括ecdh ， eces ， ecdsa 。
  5. A new waveguide made of changing a wide wall of a rectangular waveguide to a uniform curved wall is called conformal waveguide. a kind of expression of approximate solution for domain mode of the new waveguide, including symmetric, unsymmetric arc, parabolic arch, hyperbolic arch, elliptic arch, etc., is constructed by using boundary condition of mental waveguide, variational method and boundary element method. by using the equivalence principle, an approximate calculating formula for equivalent resonant conductance of a narrow longitudinal halfwavelength slot cut in the curved wall of the unsymmetric arcrectangular waveguide is derived, and the result is shown. although this solution is approximate, it can solve the problem in designing the slotted antenna of such conformal waveguide

    把矩形波導一個寬面外突成均勻曲面構成的新波導統稱為共形波導.利用金屬波導邊界條件、變分法、邊界元素法構造這種新波導中主模場的一種近似解表達式，包括曲面橫截線為對稱、非對稱圓弧，拋物線弧，雙曲線弧，橢圓弧等.然後根據等效原理，推導非對稱圓弧矩形波導曲面上窄的縱向半波長縫隙的等效諧振電導的近似計算公式，給出計算曲線.這種解雖然是近似的，但卻能解決這類共形波導縫隙天線的工程設計
  6. The existed material fatigue performance test curves are dealt with and analyzed, and the non - dimensional stress - strain curve, tangent modulus factor curve and fatigue life curve are drawn based on the experiment data, and these three non - dimensional parameter curves are used to find the inherent rules that the test curves can be replaced each other to some extent. it can be concluded that if the common character and system error of these materials are found, the test curve of a certain material can be used for reference by another material. this is a simple approach about fatigue life estimate and is engineering practical

    對已有的材料力學疲勞性能試驗曲線進行分析整理，利用試驗數據繪制了相對應力應變曲線、切線模量因子曲線和疲勞壽命曲線，利用這三種無量綱參數曲線發現了其中存在的規律性，即在某種程度上實驗曲線可以互相取代，並用試驗數據對此進行了討論，並由此推斷，如果找出材料彼此的共性或彼此之間的系統誤差就可以將一種材料的試驗曲線供其它材料參考使用，這是一種估算材料的疲勞壽命的簡便方法，對工程而言具有實用性。
  7. During its lifetime, the xd recorded a total of 664 triggers. the research team identified and recorded lightcurves of near one hundred solar flare events data taken during half of the orbit when the shenzhou - ii orbiter faces the sun and 30 candidates of gamma ray bursts. many of these observations were verified by similar results taken by other orbiting satellites

    探測器在運作期間，共錄得664次撞擊，研究小組由此識別並記錄了近百次太陽耀斑的變光曲線當神舟二號在軌道上面向太陽時和約30次伽瑪射線爆發，大部分觀測結果跟其他人造衛星所測得的類似。
  8. In this paper, the researching and developing situating at home and abroad on aseismic properties of the masonry structures are reviewed. aiming to the defects of the calculated formulas of the aseismatic shear strength of brick walls in the code for seismic design of building ( gb50011 - 2001 ) and the code for design of masonry structures ( gb50003 - 2001 ), through test on brick wall models between the single wall and the wall with flanges, restoring force characteristics, the behavior at failure of the brick masonry wall and the effect of longitudinal wall under cyclic horizontal loading were analyzed the aseismic capacity has increased by 31 % for wall with flanges, the rigidity and deformation of the wall has gone up greatly too. the conclusion that the effect of longitudinal wall should be comprised in the aseismatic formulas was proposed

    本文回顧了國內外關于砌體結構抗震性能的研究與發展現狀，針對建築抗震設計規范（ gb50011 - 2001 ）和砌體結構設計規范（ gb50003 - 2001 ）中墻體抗震驗算公式中的不足之處，通過單片墻和帶翼緣墻在垂直荷載和水平反復荷載作用下的對比試驗，研究了帶翼緣墻在水平反復荷載作用下的恢復力特性曲線、磚墻破壞特徵以及縱墻的影響等，翼緣墻的存在，主墻抗剪能力可以提高31 ，剛度及變形能力也均有較大提高的結論，墻體驗算公式中應當考慮縱橫墻共同作用的影響。
  9. At first the paper begin to study the foundation of digital curved face and space meshing principle, introduce the basic knowledge of curve theory and curved face theory, explain the mathematical tools of vector turning and coordinate conversion in the paper ; analyse the motion and relative motion of rigid body, provide the condition of gear driving continuous contact and equation of conjugate meshing

    論文首先從參數化曲面和空間嚙合原理基礎出發，介紹了曲線論和曲面論的基本知識，對課題研究重的數學工具矢量回轉和坐標變換進行了說明;分析了剛體的運動和相對運動，根據空間嚙合原理給出了輪齒傳動連續接觸的條件和共軛條件方程。
  10. Fluorescence power transfer function, three - dimensional point spread function ( 3d - psf ) and three - dimensional optical transfer function ( sd - otf ) for the various fluorescent wavelength of the two kinds of fluorescence confocal scanning microscopy are calculated in this paper by using fourier imaging theory. the results show that the fluorescent wavelength has influence on imaging property of confocal microscopy such as spatial cut - off frequency, resolution and 3d - otf. there is a different missing - cone in the 3 - d space of otf when the ratio of excitation wavelength to fluorescent wavelength decreases

    本文在sheppard和gumin等人的理論基礎上，利用fourier光學成像理論，討論了不同熒光波長對單光子和雙光子共焦顯微鏡成像特性的影響，導出了單光子和雙光子共焦顯微鏡的熒光功率傳輸函數、三維脈沖響應函數和三維光學傳遞函數，得到了它們在不同激發波長與熒光波長比值時具體的表達式，並且通過數值計算，得到了它們的曲線圖，結果表明：隨著激發波長與熒光波長比值的增加，焦斑的橫向分佈和縱向分佈變窄，橫向解析度和縱向解析度提高，系統的成像效果變好，當激發波長與熒光波長的比值下降到一定程度時，可以看到不同程度的失錐現象。
  11. By means of equivalent transformation of conjugate condition, the conjugate mapping proc ess is separated from the concrete forms of generator and conjugate movement th us achieved intellecturalization and automatization of synthesis of conjugate cu rves

    通過共軛條件的等價變換，將共軛映射過程與母曲線及共軛運動的具體型式隔離開來，從而達到共軛曲線綜合的智能化、自動化。
  12. By using this matching software, input / output characteristic and drawbar performance are obtained for engine and hydraulic converter working together so that the matching rationality between engine and hydraulic converter can be judged, which is significant in type selection of hydraulic converter

    通地應用匹配軟體，得到發動機和液力變矩器共同工作輸入特性、共同工作輸出特性和牽引特性曲線，從而判斷二者匹配是否合理，對液力變矩器的選型具有重要的意義。
  13. The formulas of three kinds of loaded ultrasonic transformers are presented ; then, the graphs of resonance frequency and the amplitude magnification coefficient, following the change of load, are charted by the programs of matlab

    得到了三類常用變幅桿頻率方程和放大系數的表達式；並通過matlab編程，分別繪制了三類變幅桿共振頻率及放大系數隨負載變化的曲線圖。
  14. The twelve kinds of modes and equivalent circuits within one high frequency switching period are carefully analyses. by using the state - space averaging approach, the converter ' s averaging model is presented, the output characteristic curve and design criterion of key circuit parameters such as output voltage, filtering inductance, common conduction time, uni - polarity spwm waveform ' s duty cycle etc are given

    詳細分析了這類變換器在一個高頻開關周期內的十二個工作模式及其等效電路。採用狀態空間平均法建立了變換器平均模型，獲得了輸出電壓、濾波電感電流、共同導通時間、單極性spwm波占空比等關鍵電路參數的設計準則和變換器的外特性曲線。
  15. Comparison analysis between voltage changes in v -, p - space and common curves, the criterion of impedance modul is made. and it is a good supplement to the space analysis method. they are the three spaces of the ternary analysis method

    將電壓運行狀態在v -和p -空間上的變化同電壓穩定常用的p - v曲線和阻抗模判據進行了比較分析，是對p - v空間分析方法的有益補充，共同組成三元分析方法的三個分析空間。
  16. 3. by using the techniques of an explicit criterion to determine the number of real roots of a univariate polynomial in ( [ 13 ], [ 73 ] ) ; b - net form of bivariate splines function ; discriminant sequence of polynomial ( cf. [ 13 ], [ 73 ] ) and the number of sign changes in the sequence of coefficients of the highest degree terms of sturm sequence, this paper determines the number of real intersection points two piecewise algebraic curves whose common points are finite. a lower bound of the number of real intersection points is obtained in terms of method of rotation degree of vector field

    大連理工大學博士論義：分片代數價線i片代數簇的若十m穴3 ：利用楊路，張景中，侯曉榮在文獻v13 ， 73 ）中關於一元多項式實根的顯式判準，以及二元樣條函數的b網形式，多項式的判別序列和sturm序列的最高次數項系數序列的變號數，本文給出了兩個分片代數曲線的丈交點數（假設公共點是有限的）的計算公式。
  17. We often adjust the shape of curves or change the site of curves. this thesis mainly discusses the question of local modifications of the bezier spline curves in computer aided geometry design. it is composed of four chapters

    在cagd中，往往要調整曲線的形狀或改變曲線的位置，本文主要討論了b zier樣條曲線的局部修改問題，全文共分四章。
  18. Existence of analytic invariant curves for a planar mapping near resonance

    一類平面映射在共振點附近的解析不變曲線的存在性
  19. According to the relationship between material fatigue performance curve and concerned parameters in fracture mechanics, the relationship between fatigue life and crack half length is obtained, that is equivalent crack length of fatigue life. the function relationships between these two aspects are constructed. the experiment data show that this method can express the same character of fatigue life of all kinds of materials and experiment data acquired from different materials can be used each other

    通過材料力學疲勞性能曲線和斷裂力學之間有關參量間的演變關系，得到了疲勞壽命與裂紋半長的關系，即疲勞壽命的折算裂紋長度，建立了兩者之間的函數關系並利用這個函數關系說明了疲勞壽命的切線模量因子法，能反映各種材料疲勞壽命的共同變化規律，試驗數據可在不同材料之間互相參考使用，具有重大意義。
  20. The structure and the thickness and optical constants of each layer determine the reflectance of the thin film system. we made simulation of the determination of layer thickness of thin film system from is spectral reflectivity curve. the selected algorithm includes simulated annealing algorithm, genetic algorithm, conjugate gradient algorithm and dfp algorithm

    我們對不同結構的膜系進行了理論模擬，並首次引入全局優化演算法，如遺傳演算法、模擬退火法等，和超線性演算法，如共軛梯度法、變尺度法等，對膜系的光譜特性曲線進行反演，求解出其結構參數。
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