前資本主義 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [qiánzīběnzhǔyì]
前資本主義 英文
precapitalism
  • 前 : Ⅰ名詞1 （在正面的） front 2 （次序在先的） first; top 3 （過去的; 較早的） ago; before; preceding...
  • 資 : Ⅰ名詞1 （錢財; 費用） money; wealth; expenses 2 （資質） intelligence; endowment 3 （資格） quali...
  • 本 : i 名詞1 （草木的莖或根）stem or root of plants 2 （事物的根源）foundation; origin; basis 3 （本錢...
  • 義 : Ⅰ名詞1 （正義） justice; righteousness 2 （情誼） human ties; relationship 3 （意義） meaning; si...
  • 資本主義 : capitalism
  • 資本 : 1 （經營工商業的本錢） capital 2 （牟取利益的憑借） what is capitalized on; sth used to one s own...
  1. Presently has to emphatically take eight methods for it : taking township project for locomotive to earnestly do well the general grogram on new countryside and new pasture construction ; fulfilling " six great engineering " to accelerate township ' s basic facilities construction of new countryside and new pasture and reinforce socialistic affairs development ; implementing " transformation 、 expansion and promotion " three strategies to increase production and lift efficiency of agriculture and stock breed and raise farmers and nomads ' incomes ; accelerating policy support and financial investments to strengthen the development impetus in countryside and pasture ; further do well program work to lay fundament for prodding the economy rapidly developed in new countryside and new pasture ; enhancing farmers and nomads ' skill training to bring up a group of socialistic new - type farmers and nomads who being cultured, skillful and understanding managements ; entirely deepen the reform in countryside and pasture to enhance the driving force and vitality of development of new countryside and new pasture ; realistically respect and protrude the main body position of farmer and nomad to basically change their traditional value concepts on production and livelihood

    目前要著力採取八項措施：以村鎮規劃為龍頭，認真做好新農村新牧區建設總體規劃；實施「六大工程」 ，加速新農村新牧區村鎮基礎設施建設和社會事業發展；實施「轉變、拓展、提升」三大戰略，加速農牧業增產增效和農牧民增收；加大政策扶持和資金投入力度，增強農牧區發展的動力；進一步做好項目工作，為推動新農村新牧區經濟快速發展打好基礎；加速農牧民技能培訓，造就一批有文化、懂技術、會經營的社會主義新型農牧民；全面深化農村牧區改革，增強新農村新牧區發展的動力和活力；切實尊重和突出農牧民的主體地位，從根本上轉變農牧民傳統的生產、生活方式和價值觀念。
  2. Our country is still in the transition period from planned economy to the of socialist market economy, the intangible assets of enterprises are not only the important resource of structural readjustment to the economy and enterprise reform, but also accept the double influence of the government and market for the progress of commoditization and the capitalization the transition economy entrusts

    我國目前尚處于從傳統計劃經濟向社會主義市場經濟過渡時期，企業無形資產因特殊的時空約束和逐漸改革的制度安排，不僅成為經濟結構調整和企業改革賴以順利進行的重要資源，而且因其轉型經濟賦予的商品化和資本化過程還同時接受政府和市場的雙重影響。
  3. Based on plenty of domestic and overseas documentation and accurate data about social security, this thesis utilizes a number of research methods, such as analysis, induction, assumption, comparison and historical materialism, etc. in expounding the significance and methods of building up the legal system of china ’ s rural social security in an all - round way from the following four aspects of expatiating on the fundamental issues of social security and the evolution track of china ’ s rural social security, exploring the social and historical rootstock resulting in the long - term predicament encountered by china ’ s rural social security, analyzing the so - called social security function of rural land, demonstrating the significance and routes of building the legal system of china ’ s minimum living security and social endowment insurance for rural residents, so as to reveal that the social and historical rootstock resulting in the long - term predicament encountered by china ’ s rural social security lies in the long - term social structure system of compartmentation between urban and rural areas, which is typically characterized by attaching more importance to industry than to agriculture, drawing profits from agriculture to accelerate industry ’ s development, by studying historically the predicament encountered by china ’ s rural social security, to disclose the serious reality that currently most of farmers lack social security and indicate the great significance of building up the legal system of china ’ s rural social security by refuting the argument that rural land can provide social security function, to clarify the necessity and feasibility of constructing the legal

    本文運用了分析、歸納、假設、比較和歷史唯物主義等研究方法，藉助國內外有關社會保障方面的大量研究資料和翔實數據，從闡述社會保障的基本問題與我國農村社會保障制度的歷史演變軌跡、探詢長期造成我國農村社會保障制度困境的社會歷史根源、分析農村土地的社會保障功能以及論證構建農村居民最低生活保障法律制度與農村社會養老保險法律制度的意義和路徑四個方面全面論述了構建中國農村社會保障法律體系的意義和方法，目的是通過對我國農村社會保障困境的歷史性考察揭示造成我國農村社會保障長期積弱局面的社會歷史根源就在於我國長期實行的重工輕農、以農養工的城鄉分割二元社會結構體制，通過對農地社會保障功能觀點的批駁揭示當前廣大農民缺乏社會保障的嚴峻現實，指出構建農村社會保障法律制度的重大意義，通過對構建中國農村居民最低生活保障法律制度和農村社會養老保險法律制度的積極探索論證構建我國農村社會保障法律體系的必要性和可行性。總之，同是作為中華人民共和國公民，無論是農村居民還是城市居民都應該在社會保障方面享有同等的權利。國家不能人為地重工輕農、厚此薄彼。
  4. Then the author introduced three famous human capital incentive theories, such as abraham " maslow ' s w, 3 ! tt 2000 hierarchy of needs theory, herzberg ' s motivation - hygiene theory and skinner ' s reinforcement theory etc, incentive methods, such as annual payment system and stock equity system, the primary investment methods, such as, education investment, training investment, work force flow investment, health - care investment, learn and work investment and the social interaction investment etc. the author followed the previous conclusion that human capital was very crucial to the economic growth and connected it with the practices to form the model that human capital investment greatly influenced the economic growth

    扼要介紹了一些著名的人力資本激勵理論：馬斯洛的需求層次理論、赫茨伯格的雙因素理論和斯金納的強化理論等、激勵方式：年薪制和股權制等和主要的投資方式：教育投資、培訓投資、勞動力流動投資、衛生保健投資、 「干中學」投資和人際關系投資等。沿襲前文的結論?人力資本在經濟發展中的重要地位，作者結合中國的實際，構建了人力資本投資對經濟增長的績效分析模型，採用教育經費法和年限法論證了全體勞動力平均受教育年限對經濟增長的意義。
  5. There should be a theoretic premise if regards this theory as a fundamental in individual expendable distribution in socialistic society, which is also a general economic condition at advanced socialistic - society : a uniform public ownership of means of production was set up domestically, and a stringent planned economy was realized in a country etc. a introspection and retrospection of the theory - - - - - - distribution - according - to - work makes us clear that the aim of which is not only to acquire the value of labor force own, but to recompense a laborer with surplus work or surplus product

    馬克思提出了科學的按勞分配理論，以按勞分配作為社會主義個人消費品分配的基本原則。其理論前提是社會主義高級階段的一般經濟條件：建立了全社會范圍內統一的生產資料公有制，實現了全社會嚴格的計劃經濟等。通過對馬克思恩格斯按勞分配理論的重新考察，認為按勞分配的目的與所要解決的問題是使勞動者不僅要領回自身勞動力的價值，而且還得到部分剩餘勞動或剩餘產品。
  6. The whole thesis was made up of seven parts. the first part provided the background, significance and aims of this research ; the second part briefly reviewed the progress and the trend of the researches about the relative fields at home and abroad, then concluded that the present researches were mainly focusing on mineral cities and the qualitative description of mineral economics, which lack in quantitative analysis and utilized models ; the third part defined mineral region according to two indexes, and discussed the theoretical basis of the economic sustainable development of mineral region ; the fourth part systematically analyzed the current situation of the economic sustainable development of huangling county, emphatically discussed the coincidental relationship between mineral exploitation and economic development as well as the reasons for the recession of mineral economic ; the fifth part, drawing on the experience of transforming industry and renewing economic in mineral cities ( region ) at home and abroad, put forth the foundation train of thought of the economic sustainable development huangling county, and programs and smocks the economic development of huangling county using the method of systematic dynamics, presented the model of the economic sustainable development of counties by comparative analysis of three plans ; the sixth part provided some policed suggestion and measure for the economic susta inable development of huangling county

    全文分為七個部分：第一部分：提出研究的背景、意義與目的；第二部分：簡要回顧了國內外相關領域的研究進展與趨勢，指出當前研究主要集中在礦業城市與礦業經濟的定性描述，缺少定量分析和應用模型；第三部分：依據兩組指標界定礦業區域，探討礦業區域經濟可持續發展的理論基礎；第四部分：對黃陵縣域經濟可持續發展現狀進行系統分析，重點探討了礦產資源開發與經濟發展的耦合關系及其礦業經濟衰退的原因；第五部分：在借鑒國內外礦業城市（地區）產業轉型與經濟新生經驗的基礎上，探討了黃陵縣域經濟可持續發展的基本思路，並運用系統動力學方法對黃陵縣域經濟發展進行規劃與模擬，通過三種方案的對比分析，提出縣域經濟可持續發展模式；第六部分：黃陵縣域經濟可持續發展的政策建議與措施；第七部分：主要結論及進一步研究的問題。
  7. From the second to the fifth chapter such problems concerning state - owned property right are illustrated respectively as its definition, valuation and price fixing and capital sources of undertaking party and the disposal and use of transfer income. problems are raised with regard to the process of current property right system diversity in state - owned enterprises, such as the disagreement to the definition of state - owned property right, no standard of evaluation, imperfection of price fixing system and relative confusion of transfer income disposal and use. what ' s more, new solutions are offered : the probe into state - owned property right definition " changsha model " is confirmed positively ; two specific ways of quantification - - " the method of average growth rate of state - owned property right " and " the method of average cost of labor in market " ; the concept " present value of earnings " is applied to the property evaluation of receivable accounts, finished goods, invisible assets and so on ; the unjust in price fixing of state - owned property right can be avoided by improving property valuation methods, perfecting capital market especially property right trading market and bettering information publishing system ; as to the guarantee problem of human resources financial contribution, an original key is offered

    第一章運用產權理論對國企產權多元化改革進行經濟學分析；第二章至第五章主要圍繞國有產權的界定問題、評估問題、定價問題、承接方的資金來源問題、轉讓收入的處置運用問題分別進行闡述，指出了當前國企產權多元化過程中存在著國有產權界定不統一、評估不規范、定價機制不完善、處置運用相對混亂等諸多問題，並提出新的解決思路：肯定國有產權界定「長沙模式」的積極探索意義，提出量化職工創造剩餘價值的「國有資產平均增長率法」和「平均市場勞動成本法」 ；將「收益現值」概念運用到對應收賬款、產成品、無形資產等資產評估之中；應從完善資產評估方法、完善資本市場特別是產權交易市場和健全信息公開機制三個方面來解決國有產權定價不公問題；就人力資本出資的擔保問題提出實際債務承擔額（比例）應小於名義出資額（比例）的新思路，並認為人力資本市場上的交易價格應包括絕對出資額和相對出資額兩部分。
  8. According to the basic principle that labor is the focus of human ' s essence, marx thinked that the basis of possessions was labor. and then, after researching the illogicality that the ownership just refers to possessions and the illogicality in capitalism system, marx brought forward the conception : " ownership of labor force ". under the guidance of marks " socialism theories, the workers contended with bourgeois, which made the ownership of labor force be establish at last in rights system of capitalism

    資產階級思想家認為所有權僅僅是物的所有權，而資本是物的所有權的根據? ?資本價值論；馬克思的勞動社會主義理論按照勞動是人的本質的核心這一基本原則，從勞動是物的所有權的根據? ?勞動價值論這一邏輯前提出發，通過揭示資產階級將所有權限定在「物權」的邏輯矛盾以及資本雇傭勞動關系中矛盾，提出了勞動力所有權；而勞動力所有權的確立，是勞動者在社會主義理論的指導下，聯合起來同資產階級進行斗爭的結果。
  9. This paper, using the experience of the typical nation and region about housing mortgage securitization, joining together the realistic condition in our country, putting forward the strategy of developing housing mortgage securitization in our country now. the article is divided into four parts : part one : introduce the related theories about the housing mortgage securitization, including the content of housing mortgage securitization, the participants, concrete operation procedure, the financial tool, and point out the realistic meaning that our country promote. part two : analyze the background and the motive that world housing mortgage securitization, choose the typical model nation and region such as the united states, canada, hong kong to proceed the comparison, and get some experiences and apocalypses from it

    文章分為四個部分：第一部分：首先對住房抵押貸款證券化的內涵、涉及的參與者、具體運作程序以及使用的金融工具等與住房抵押貸款證券化相關的理論進行了介紹，其中著重對抵押貸款傳遞證券、抵押貸款支持債券、抵押貸款轉付債券、抵押擔保證券等目前國外規模較大的四種住房抵押貸款證券進行了較詳細的介紹，然後指出我國目前推行住房抵押貸款證券化無論是從商業銀行和投資者等微觀主體的角度還是從住房產業和資本市場的發展等宏觀角度來看都具有非常重要的現實意義。
  10. Started by the existing research achievements, guided by marxistic materialism, drawing on the theoretic views of contemporary philosophy and sociology, and based on historical document and investigation materials, this study analyzes the formation, basic ideology and transition process of in the integration of economy, politics and culture

    本研究以先前的研究成果為起點，以馬克思主義唯物史觀為基本指導思想，借鑒當代文化哲學和文化社會學的理論觀點，以歷史文獻資料和實際調查資料為依據，在經濟、政治、文化的一體化關系中分析考察中國傳統農業文化的形成、基本思想及其流變和轉型過程。
  11. Because there were no ways to distinguish the two roles of the material resources production, that were common premise and historical dominant factor, two productions theory caused an argument on marxist social developing power view, which could not get rid of the chains of productive force unitary power view

    由於無法辨清作為歷史發展一般前提的物質資料生產和作為歷史主導因素的物質資料生產，因此，由兩種生產理論引發的對馬克思主義社會發展動力觀的爭論基本未能掙脫生產力一元動力觀的枷鎖。
  12. Teaching personnel were short of because of the establishment of new culture, in addition, japan was becoming a foreign base for chinese revolution, " the history of the chinese studying in japan is a history of modern chinese culture on the one side and that of modern chinese politics on the other side, before the revolution of 1911 led by dr. sun yat - sen, a lot of revolutionary activities had been incited in japan. " thereupon, more and more chinese students went to japan to study

    二、社會主義思潮：從日本到中國。 1898年留日政策的確立及由於舊學的廢止，新學的確立造成師資短缺，加之，日本成為中國革命的海外基地， 「中國人留學日本史，一方面是近代中國的文化史，另一方面又是近代中國的政治史。在辛亥革命以前，不少革命活動是在日本策動的。 」
  13. The paper wishes to give a guidance to design the duty of contract breach practically, to provide a new thinking way for court when judging disputes of contract, to collocate the social scarce resource reasonably and to set up a rational anticipated system for the reform of economy system in the condition of socialism market economy

    本論文希望能夠依據法律經濟學理論，為設計合同規則中的違約責任部分起到實際性的指導作用，為我國法院在合同糾紛中的裁判提供一種新的思維，使現代社會的稀缺資源得到合理配置，並為當前社會主義市場經濟條件下的經濟體制改革建立合理的預期制。
  14. The capitalist pleads for materialist heroes ( satan clause and alexander hamilton ) to " break the price - controller ' s strangled - hold " and by freeing capital restore the pre - apocalyptic world of his childhood

    這個資本家要求物質主義的英雄（聖克魯茲和漢密爾頓） 」打破價格控制者的壓制」 ，而且通過開放資本來恢復他兒時世紀末前的的世界。
  15. Finance is the core of contemporary economy, and commercial banking is the principal part of finance system after china j oined the wto ， the biggest problem which commercial banks of our country encounter has been the problem of system risks therefore the research on managing and keeping away the commercial banking system risks of our country has great academic and practical significance by expatiating the basic theories of financial system which includes the theoretic analysis of four aspects ： financial organization financial market system financial supervision system and financial system innovation together with the characteristics of commercial banks of our country in the transitional period the paper analyzes the ~ eneration mechanism of the commercial banking system risks of our country the defnition and characteristics of system risks ， the behavior and the various factors of the commercial banking system risks one by one at the same time the main aspects of american and german commercial banks which include the type and appellation of commercial banks ， the exterior form of organization 。 the dealings management system the deposit insurance system and the development current of commercial banks ， are compared in addition ， the financial supervision systems of america ， british and japan are studied in detail based on the above analyzing combined with the situations in our country, the beneficial reference ’ and inspiration that we can draw are analyzed then it can be concluded that the origins from which the commercial banking system risks of our country derive exist in the peculiar property right system ， organization system ， capital system and juridical person system of our country, etc therefore to prevent and solve the commercial banking system risks of our country, we should begin with eliminating the system sources that result in risks and keep away the banking risks effectively by innovating the system in this paper, several precaution measurements are also proposed including accelerating decentralized regrouping of country, owned property, reforming the organization system of the commercial banks monopolized by the colintry, reforming and constructing capital system ， establishing modem iuridical person system of commercial banks ， and so on

    加入wto后，我國商業銀行所面臨的最大憂慮就是制度風險問題，因此，對我國商業銀行制度風險的管理和防範研究具有重大的理論和現實意義。本文通過對金融制度基本理論的明確闡述，它包括：金融組織理論分析、金融市場體系理論分析、金融監管制度理論分析和金融制度創新理論分析四個方面的內容；結合當前轉軌時期我國商業銀行的特點，逐一對我國商業銀行風險的生成機理、制度風險的涵義及特點、商業銀行制度風險表現以及商業銀行制度風險的各種因素進行了分析；同時還對美國、德國商業銀行制度的主要方面進行比較研究，包括商業銀行的類型和名稱、外部組織形式、業務經營制度、存款保險制度和商業銀行的發展趨勢；以及對美國、英國、日本三國的金融監管制度進行了較詳細的分析；並在此基礎上結合我國實際，分析了我國可從中得到的有益借鑒和啟示；根據以上分析，得出我國商業銀行制度風險產生的根源在於我國特有的產權制度、組織制度、資本制度和法人治理制度等。為了防範和化解我國商業銀行的制度風險必須從消除這種風險產生的制度基礎入手，通過制度創新來有效防範銀行風險，本文提出了若干相關防範措施，包括：加速國有產權的分散化重組、改革國有獨資商業銀行的組織制度、改革與建設資本制度和建立現代商業銀行法人治理制度等。
  16. In our country, with the development of socialist market economy, take - over of listed company have become a hot spot. how to put take - over into a positive rail for improving availability of utilizing of resourses is a important issue in legal realm, . this thesis makes a comparative and pragmatic study on the theories and practices of current take - over, the dissertation probed into the basic theories ^ manners and prospect of take - over

    在我國，隨著社會主義市場經濟的發展，上市公司收購已成為一個熱點問題，如何將其納入良性運行的軌道，以促進資源的充分有效利用和優化配置，是法學領域的重要研究課題，本文採取比較、實證等研究方法，立足於我國上市公司收購現狀，對上市公司收購法律制度的基本理論、收購方式和前景問題進行了探討。
  17. In view of today ' s situation that professional executive are out of corporation management again and again in china, after analyzing the reasons, this paper points out that the better way to solute the contradiction of professional executive and the owner of corporation is to construct effective corporate cultural motivation, and then demonstrates some ideas about how to develop corporate cultural motivation to professional executive. this paper consists of eight parts. the first part is introduction ; second is the meaning of professional executive motivation ; third is relative theory statement ; fourth is corporate cultural demonstration ; fifth is the necessary of corporate cultural motivation to professional executive ; sixth is solutions ; seventh is case study ; eighth is the paper summation

    全文分為八部分，第一部分是緒論；第二部分是職業經理人激勵的意義，第三部分相關理論綜述與研究，包括層次需要論、成就動機理論、委託代理理論、人力資本理論等；第四部分闡述了企業文化的主要功能及激勵的心理機制；第五部分闡述了企業文化對職業經理人激勵的必要性，第六部分就當前解決職業經理人激勵不足、約束不夠的狀況，提出了幾點解決的辦法，第七部分案例實證分析；第八部分對本論文做結論。
  18. A brief commentary on the basal principle of wage from marxism economics and western economics was given in the first part of this article, making a dividing line and study on wage and its essence, characteristic, function, affect factors and basal form, it forms the rationale of wage system reform of shandong aluminum corporation. a detailed analysis was made in the second part of this article, pointing out the vital influence to achieve the marketing management. based on the previous two parts and combined the requirement of actual management, this article carried out the thoughts and designing modes of wage system reform for shandong aluminum corporation in the third part

    全文共分四個主體部分：第一部分簡要評述了馬克思主義經濟學和西方經濟學中關于工資的基本理論，並對工資及其本質、特點、功能、影響因素、基本形式等做了較為全面的界定和研究，為山東鋁業公司工資制度改革奠定了理論基礎；第二部分是對山東鋁業公司現有工資體系的詳細剖析，並指出其對企業現實經營管理的重要影響；第三部分是在前兩部分研究的基礎上，結合現實管理需要，提出了山東鋁業公司工資體系的改革思路和設計模式；第四部分在綜合考慮公司實際和員工的承受能力以及改革與發展、穩定關系的基礎上，提出了山東鋁業公司工資制度改革的保障措施。
  19. An unprecedented catastrophe triggered by an earthquake and tsunami in north sumatra and aceh took a hundred thousand lives and displaced millions of people who are now desperately fleeing to survive. the international community immediately expressed concern about the disaster, and relief supplies and food are pouring into the country. humanitarian workers from nations around the world have quickly joined volunteer teams to conduct rescue and relief efforts in the affected areas, searching for survivors, collecting bodies, burying the dead and clearing rubble so that reconstruction work can soon begin

    本報訊我國有史以來蘇北暨亞發生的首次地震海嘯大劫難，已經造成十萬名平民喪生及數百萬名百姓流離失所，大舉逃生避難的凄慘情況，即引起國際界之熱心關注，賑濟物資及糧食亦如洪水湧入，各國之人道主義者亦自告奮勇，爭相參加志願義工部隊前來我國各災區投入救援工作，拯救生還者及協助收拾與安葬遍野死難者之屍體並清除廢墟垃圾，俾災區盡速獲得重建善後工作。
  20. It has not established the real property transaction market, and it still belongs to m & a in the not perfect capital market. therefore, the deceitful reorganization in the short term is still popular in china m & a. in this way, it will affect the strategy in setting the price for m & a, and the financing of m & a

    當前我國企業並購還不是真正在市場經濟條件下嚴格意義的企業並購，而且是一種不完全資本市場下的企業並購，真正適用於中國企業並購的產權交易市場尚未建立，以短期性為主的虛假並購、報表性重組依然是並購市場上的主流，因此對于合理確定並購交易價格和有效安排並購融資都帶來很大影響。
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