協變微分 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [xiébiànwéifēn]
協變微分 英文
covariant derivative
  • 協 : Ⅰ形容詞（共同） joint; common Ⅱ動詞（協助） assist; help; aid
  • 分 : 分Ⅰ名詞1. （成分） component 2. （職責和權利的限度） what is within one's duty or rights Ⅱ同 「份」Ⅲ動詞[書面語] （料想） judge
  1. In tranditional ip network, only the “ best effort ” service is provided, but the quality of service can not be guaranteed. though the interserv, deffserv and mpls are presented afterward to guarantee the qos for the ip network. but as a layer network, the realization of the qos function need span different layers ( such as rsvp protocol ) in the ip network, which may result in the function iterance and chaos

    多媒體和實時業務的出現要求網路能夠提供足夠的qos保證，在傳統的ip網路中只能提供「盡量傳輸」的服務而不能保證服務質量，后來提出的綜合服務模型（ interserv ）以及區分服務模型（ deffserv ）以及mpls技術保證了ip網路上的服務質量，但由於ip網路是層次結構的網路，因此對qos的支持需要跨層（如rsvp協議） ，這就可能引起功能的重復和混亂，而微通信元系統是無層次結構的網路系統，就克服了這些的問題，變得簡單，效率更高。
  2. This paper tries to have some innovations in the following aspects : ( 1 ) the main cause of our tax revenue depending mainly on turnover tax is short of innovation in system ; ( 2 ) it ' s innovation in system to impel the rising of income tax in developed counties, which is a good example for us to learn from in the optimization of our tax structure ; ( 3 ) the main function of turnover and income tax should be separated according to their characters ; ( 4 ) the reforms in turnover and income tax should be taken simultaneously, congenially and complementally, although the former will be more progressive while the later more abrupt ; ( 5 ) the essential function of tax is to raise revenue, but its fair - promoting effect is much more obvious in disbursing than in collecting

    本文力求在以下幾個方面有所創新： （ 1 ）認為我國稅種收入過度依賴流轉稅的主要原因是制度創新力度不夠； （ 2 ）認為制度創新是推動發達國家所得稅從弱到強的主要原因，提出我國稅種結構優化需要在制度上大膽創新； （ 3 ）提出根據各個稅種的特性，流轉稅和所得稅的主要功能應有所分工； （ 4 ）流轉稅和所得稅的改革應雙管齊下，以漸進的方式改革流轉稅，以突變的方式改革所得稅，分工協作，優勢互補； （ 5 ）提出稅收的主要功能是籌集收入，稅收在徵收環節在促進結果公平方面效果甚微，稅收在支出環節更能有效促進結果公平。
  3. The equations of the mean value functions and the covariance functions are established for dynamical systems whose inputs are fuzzy stochastic processes. an existence and uniqueness theorem of ito fuzzy stochastic differential equations is proved, some explicit representations of solutions and the equations of statistical characteristics are deduced for linear fuzzy stochastic differential equations, and numerical methods to nonlinear fuzzy stochastic differential equations are proposed, the conditions for stability and observability of fuzzy linear systems are derived. the kalman filter algorithms of linear fuzzy stochastic systems are brought forward

    主要成果包括：提出了模糊隨機變量協方差和反向協方差的概念；研究了二階模糊隨機變量的均方收斂性，並在此基礎上得到了均方模糊隨機分析、平穩模糊隨機過程及其譜分解的若干定理；根據均方模糊隨機分析理論，得到了輸入為模糊隨機過程的線性系統的輸出輸入統計特徵關系方程；證明了ito型模糊隨機微分方程解的存在唯一性，並給出了ito型線性模糊隨機微分方程解的表達式，統計特徵方程以及非線性模糊隨機微分方程的數值解法；得到了模糊線性系統的穩定性和可觀性條件、線性模糊隨機系統統計特徵方程和線性模糊隨機系統的kalman濾波演算法；研究了當觀測值是模糊數據時，線性回歸模型的建立。
  4. Vacuum breaker with adequate quality and long maintenance intervals are selected. further more, integrative automation of substation is the key factor in substation without watch - keeper. in the secondary design, we adopt layered and distributed configuration, install relay equipment with microcomputer, df1700 intelligent remote control equipment and other automatic equipment, and realize integrative automation of substation

    本變電所的二次系統設計中採用分層分散式系統結構，利用南瑞繼保電氣公司的微機型繼電保護裝置及df1700分散式電站自動化系統，經過功能組合和優化設計，對變電所執行自動監視、測量、控制和協調。
  5. Therefore, government should quicken organization reform, establishing efficient operation system for government to manage economy satisfied with coordination operation and behavior criterion, that is, changing regional resource configuration from administration to market ; changing government management function from direct management to indirect management ; changing micro - management into macro - management ; changing administration management into shareholder management ; changing department division management into entirely society management of multi - owners system enterprise

    為此，政府部門應該加快機構改革，建立精幹高效、運轉協調、行為規范的政府管理經濟的運行機制，即把區域資源配置由行政部門為主轉變為市場配置為主；政府管理職能由直接管理轉為間接管理；由微觀管理轉變為宏觀管理；由行政管理轉變為出資者管理；由部門分割管理轉變為多種所有制企業的全社會管理。
  6. The out - of - plane stability of bending beam, which is made up with 2 beams and loaded by non - directional force, is studied. the bending and torsional deflection differential equation of each beam is established in critical condition. according to compatibility conditions of deformation, the characteristic equation is obtained to calculate out - of - plane stability of the cantilever bending beam

    對兩節梁組成的彎曲梁在非保向力作用下的平面外失穩問題進行了研究，通過建立每節梁臨界狀態下彎曲和扭轉變形微分方程，根據桿件變形的邊界條件以及桿件之間的變形協調關系，得出了一端固定一端懸臂的彎曲梁在非保向力作用下平面外失穩的特徵方程。
  7. This paper is the research on the local interactive buckling behavior of cold - formed rectangular tube under uniform compression. the paper includes the following main contents : ( 1 ) an elastic interactive buckling model is presented on the basis of the theory of elastic plates. under the equilibrium condition and deformation compatibility condition, analytical expressions are derived to predict the interactive bucking load pcr

    本文主要研究冷彎薄壁矩形鋼管均勻受壓下板組的相關關系，包括以下主要內容： （ 1 ）建立了彈性相關屈曲解析法分析模型，考慮平衡條件及變形協調條件，建立板組的屈曲微分方程，得出了板組相關屈曲的臨界荷載p _ （ cr ）的計算行列式。
  8. I find that the chinese stock market size was significantly and positively correlated with economic growth and saving deposits rate, even after controlling for other growth inducing variables. on the basis of this, the dynamic interaction relationship between stock market development and economic growth of china is examined in a bivariate vector autoregression ( var ) framework. i find there is one positive cointegration between stock market capitalization and economic growth, uni - directional causality from gdp to the stock market capitalization, but the stock market shock can influence the output positively

    我們在兩變量向量自回歸模型框架下考察了中國經濟增長與股票市場發展之間的動態互動關系：股市規模與總產出之間存在著正向的協整關系，表明兩者在長期上是均衡發展的；格蘭傑因果檢驗顯示兩者間存在著經濟增長股票市場規模發展的單向因果關系，沖擊響應分析結論指出股票市場和經濟增長之間有著一種互動關系，股票市場和經濟增長的正向變動均會給對方帶來永久的正向影響，但目前股票市場沖擊對產出的這種影響還很微弱。
  9. In the field of micro - economy, the dynamic commercial capital gave further impetus to the separation between production and consumption and the labor division and cooperation within units of manufacture

    就微觀經濟結構的調整與變革而言，東南地區商業的發展與商業資本的活躍進一步促進了生產與消費的分離以及生產組織內部的分工與協作。
  10. In view of that thought, thesis first gives the conceptions : microscopic state of economics, economic order, economic orderization and economic entropy, at the same time, defining the orderly degree, to describe the regional economic state and level during the course of regional economic growth and development. based on these conceptions, establishing economic entropy measure the orderly degree of regional economics using economic order as measuring index through economic order changing, the orderly degree of regional economics means harmonious and coordinative level reached by mutually contacting ? acting on and affecting thorough all essential factors and all subsystems contained in regional economic system to promote growth and development of regional economics, and micro - measuring means measuring the orderly degree of regional economics from individual welfare. the mathematic analyzing to the economic entropy indicates that the it reflects the long - term changing trend of the orderly degree of regional economics : it will increase during fluctuation

    基於這一思想，論文首先提出經濟微觀態、經濟序和經濟有序化概念，以描述區域經濟在有序化過程中某時刻所處的狀態和水平;在此基礎上定義經濟熵，以經濟序作為測度指標，以經濟序的變化度量區域經濟有序程度，即區域經濟系統各要素和各子系統通過相互聯系、相互作用和相互影響從而提高區域經濟系統整體發展效率和速度的協調水平，而微觀度量則是指該度量是從個體福利水平的角度進行的;接著對經濟熵進行了數學分析，證明其反映了區域經濟有序程度的變化趨勢，即在波動中趨向增加，並用經濟增長理論驗證了該結論。
  11. The integration of wireless acceleration sensor for structural global monitoring, the integration of wireless strain sensor for structural local monitoring, their corresponding network ’ s topological strucuture, the network ’ s communication protocol, saving energy and the network ’ s experiments are studied systemly, the main contents include : 1. for strucutal global monitoring, the electronics components are compared, anlysysed and seleced. on this base, the design modulization method is used for designing and debugging sensing disposal module, micro - processing module, wireless transceiver module and power module, and thus a wireless acceleration sensor node with digital interface is integrated using the above modules

    本文在充分研究傳感技術、信號處理技術、無線通信技術的基礎上，針對土木工程結構整體性態監測的無線加速度傳感器集成、結構局部性態監測的無線應變傳感器集成以及相應的無線傳感器網路拓撲結構、網路通信協議、網路能耗處理、網路試驗等問題進行了系統的研究，主要研究內容如下: 1 .針對結構整體性態監測的需要，從設計的小型化、低功耗、低成本、高可靠性角度出發，對相關電子器件進行了比較、分析、選擇;在此基礎上，採用模塊化設計方法，對傳感處理模塊、微處理模塊、無線收發模塊以及能源模塊分別設計、調試，進而集成了基於數字介面的無線加速度傳感器節點。
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