參照期 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [shēnzhàoqī]
參照期
英文
reference period-
Fundamental of laser 40ar / 39ar dating method : our laboratory has successfully set up the laser microprobe 40ar / 39ar geological dating method. our works include adjustment of the high - gain electron multiplier in mass spectrometer and correction of mass discrimination, adjustment of the laser, test for absorption ability of minerals to laser, designing and manufacturing high - vacuum sample chamber, sample preparation and irradiation, research on the variability of j values on the surface of rock chips, measuring atmospheric argon, determination and correction of blanks and ages, etc. the laser microprobe technique is particularly effective for some geological samples. it can be used, for example, for research of distribution of the components in extremely small samples that are very difficult to be separated and purified and those which contain excess argon
本文首先從常規~ （ 40 ） ar ~ （ 39 ） ar階段升溫定年實驗室的改進入手，進而建立了激光~ （ 40 ） ar ~ （ 39 ） ar定年實驗室，利用這兩種先進同位素地質定年方法，結合其他手段，對青藏高原腹地和北緣的阿爾金斷裂系多期地質事件進行了詳細的同位素年代學研究：一、參照國際先進實驗室的流程，對我們的常規~ （ 40 ） ar ~ （ 39 ） ar階段升溫實驗室在樣品的預處理、樣品的照射條件和系統空白測量及校正等方面進行了改進，使之產出的同位素年代數據更可靠並為國際同行所承認。For this purpose, reference shall be made to the values of the indices at stated dates ( quoted in the fourth and fifth columns respectively of the table ) for the purposes of clarification of the source ; although these dates ( and thus these values ) may not correspond to the base cost indices
為此，為澄清其來源之目的應參照指定日期（如表中第4欄和第5欄分別所列）的指數值，盡管這些日期（以及這些指數值）可能與基本費用指數不符。The final exam will consist of a few identification - questions and one or two short essays which ask you to apply the critical paradigm from theorists or class discussion ( ref. # 5 ) to " comic " or satiric texts
期末考試將包括回答一些識別性問題以及寫作一兩篇文章，將理論上的或課堂討論（參照# 5 ）時提到的評論范疇應用到「喜劇」或「諷刺」的作品中。On the basis of carrying on the achievements of predecessors " researcher and reading thoroughly the chinese and foreign works about the european integration theory, the author makes theoretical carding and evaluation on the supernational developing phenomenon on european integration from a vertical angle, taking the " supernational dimension " development of european integration as the analyzing parallel and the " intergovernmental dimension " development of european integration as the analyzing comparative reference. thus, the author comes to a conclusion on the positive effects and real trouble of the supernational dimension development of european integration and its vital enlightenment for other regional integration, so as to give a more direct and more logically clear annotation on the european integration, which will enrich our country ' s research on european integration
筆者在繼承前人的研究成果和詳細閱讀有關歐洲一體化理論著作的基礎上，嘗試以歐洲一體化的「超國家向度」發展為分析緯線，以歐洲一體化的「政府間向度」發展為分析的對比參照物，從縱向角度對歐洲一體化超國家發展現象做出理論梳理與評析，歸納出歐洲一體化超國家向度發展的積極成效、現實困境以及這種發展方式對其它區域一體化的重要啟示，以期對歐洲一體化的發展做出更直觀、脈絡化更清晰的一種詮釋，豐富我國對歐洲一體化的研究。Meantime, it, in the light of concerned foreign views and the brand new reseach achievement on domestic civil fraudulent contract in recent days, accompanied by utilization of some cases in contract laws, has been paid much attention to demonstrating and analying the contents of civil offense, such as, reasons, features, classifications, key components, validity, legal duties and character. this thesis is expected to be taken advantage in the fields of stud } ', prevention and related rules on civil fraudulent conducts by exploiting contracts as well as unifiable institution of civil laws. moreover, we hope to attract more scholars and legal experts who wound like to draw their concerns to the fraudulent conducts by using contracts and eventually develop our national socialism market economy in a sound way
本文以新《合同法》確定的誠實信用原則為切入點，圍繞合同民事欺詐，參照國外相關觀點及國內當前有關民事欺詐研究的最新成果，結合有關合同法案例，就合同民事欺詐的存在原因、特點及分類，構成要件，效力和法律責任及性質等四個專題進行了深入闡述和分析，對利用合同進行民事欺詐的研究、預防、適用法律等以及統一民法典的制定均有一定的參考作用，同時也期望以此文引起學者及法律專家對民事欺詐的關注和重視，推進我國社會主義市場經濟的健康發展。The implementation of this system for more man ten years clearly shows that the multi - channel institution of retrial does not produce the desired effects. the present retrial system modelled itself mainly on that of the former soviet union, its operation in china gives rise to more state intervention than individual disposal, more layman recognised truth than truth recognised by law, seeking justice in substantial law more than legal procedure, and finally brings about " numerous applicants, unlimited lapse of time, high frequency, confused jurisdiction, unmethodical causes of action "
現行民訴法實施十多年的司法實踐表明發動再審程序主體的多元性並沒有產生預期的效果，由於現行的民事再審主要是參照前蘇聯模式，在再審程序的啟動上，強調國家干預權，忽視當事人處分權；在事實認定上，追求客觀真實，忽視法律真實；在糾錯上，注重實體公正，忽視程序公正；從而導致在實際操作中出現了啟動再審的「主體無限、時間無限、次數無限、審級無限、理由或條件無限」的不良現象。The paper refer to the two oil pollution compensation regimes, one is established by the 1969 international convention on civil liability for oil pollution damage and the 1971 international convention on the establishment of an international fund for compensation for oil pollution damage, another is established by the oil pollution act of 1990 of america, combine with the oil pollution compensation cases in recent years, introduce the present situation of oil pollution compensation in our country, discuss several problems in practice of oil pollution compensation, such as the scope of oil pollution compensation, the claimant of oil pollution compensation, the responsible party and liability of oil pollution compensation, the evidence of oil pollution damage case, the limits on liability of oil pollution compensation, present that our country would draft the oil pollution compensation law according to the principles of the oil pollution act of 1990 of america and establish the complete oil pollution compensation regime, which the responsible party and the user of oil joint compensa te the oil pollution damage, expect to completely settle the problems of oil pollution compensation
本文比較《 69民事責任公約》 、 《 71基金公約》及其議定書和美國《 1990年油污法》建立的兩套油污損害賠償的法律制度，結合近年來油污損害賠償的案例，介紹了我國油污損害賠償的現狀，並就油污染損害賠償實踐中的油污損害賠償范圍、油污損害賠償的索賠主體、油污損害賠償主體和責任、油污損害案件的證據問題、油污損害賠償的責任限制幾個具體法律問題展開討論，提出我國可以重點參照美國《 1990年油污法》制定專門的《油污損害賠償法》 ，建立由污染責任人和油類受益人共同賠償的完整油污損害賠償制度，以期徹底解決油污損害賠償的問題。Creep analysis methods of high - rise buildings and large span buildings can only refer to creep coefficient method in bridge engineering or the method of degree of creep in hydraulic construction engineering under the present experiment conditions. in this paper, the incremental expressions of concrete creep and shrinkage strain when the initial computational age is not the same as the loading age are derived and corrected from the concept of concrete creep coefficient and the mean value theorem of integral and the principle of superposition. the differences of efficiency and accuracy of creep analysis between the finite element method with creep coefficient and the initial stress method with degree of creep are presented. this paper suggests that engineers should use the initial stress method with degree of creep to estimate the influences of creep on high - rise buildings and large span buildings on the basis of conceptual design
基於現有的試驗資料，高層及大跨度民用建築的徐變分析只能參照橋梁結構中的徐變系數方法或水工結構中的徐變度方法進行.從徐變系數的定義出發，利用積分中值定理和疊加原理，推導並修正了加載齡期與起算齡期不同時徐變收縮應變增量的表達式，對比了應用徐變系數分析徐變的有限元法和應用徐變度分析徐變的初應變法在效率和精度上的差別，並建議應從概念設計的角度出發，採用徐變度的初應變法來估算徐變對高層及大跨度民用建築的影響Abstract : creep analysis methods of high - rise buildings and large span buildings can only refer to creep coefficient method in bridge engineering or the method of degree of creep in hydraulic construction engineering under the present experiment conditions. in this paper, the incremental expressions of concrete creep and shrinkage strain when the initial computational age is not the same as the loading age are derived and corrected from the concept of concrete creep coefficient and the mean value theorem of integral and the principle of superposition. the differences of efficiency and accuracy of creep analysis between the finite element method with creep coefficient and the initial stress method with degree of creep are presented. this paper suggests that engineers should use the initial stress method with degree of creep to estimate the influences of creep on high - rise buildings and large span buildings on the basis of conceptual design
文摘:基於現有的試驗資料，高層及大跨度民用建築的徐變分析只能參照橋梁結構中的徐變系數方法或水工結構中的徐變度方法進行.從徐變系數的定義出發，利用積分中值定理和疊加原理，推導並修正了加載齡期與起算齡期不同時徐變收縮應變增量的表達式，對比了應用徐變系數分析徐變的有限元法和應用徐變度分析徐變的初應變法在效率和精度上的差別，並建議應從概念設計的角度出發，採用徐變度的初應變法來估算徐變對高層及大跨度民用建築的影響When bodhidharma came to china has always been a problem child, but more detailed comprehensive analysis of existent historical files argues that qi song ( in song dynasty ) ' s insistance on liang putong first year should be more believable
摘要關于佛教史上達磨來華的年代這一問題，雖然長期以來聚訟紛紜，但在將多種佛教史著與正史資料加以參照並做了綜合分析之後，認為宋人契高所主張的梁普通元年（西元520年）說，是較為可信的一說。" lo ", " eo ", " mo ", . . are the base cost indices or reference prices, expressed in the relevant currency of payment, each of which is applicable to the relevant tabulated cost element on the base date
是基本費用指數或參照價格，以相應的支付貨幣表示，按照在基準日期時相關表中的費用因素的費用指數或參照價格確定。This article has been divided into five chapters, the contents of five chapters respectively are : the contents of the first chapter are about pollution compensation that oil leakage of the ships lead to in " maritime law " ; the contents of the second chapter are about delay delivery of the goods in " maritime law " ; the contents of the third chapter are about the cargo lien that the marine carriers have in " maritime law " ; the contents of the fourth chapter are about the rights that the shippers can change and terminate the contract unilaterally in " maritime law " ; the contents of the fifth chapter are about the limitation of liability for maritime claims system in " maritime law ". the contents of each chapter of this article are about a flaw of " maritime law ". as a result of the limit of article length and the limit of author ability, it is impossible to analyze the article of " maritime law " gradually, the article is only about five quite important flaws of " maritime law " to form five chapters, then we will introduce them gradually
但是，隨著我國加入wto ，國際貿易和海上運輸迅速的發展， 《海商法》在實施中暴露出很多不足。因此，有必要遵循科學性、適時性和法制統一性等立法的基本原則，對《海商法》及時進行修改。筆者認為，應當認真總結《海商法》成功的經驗和失敗的教訓，從目前和今後一個時期海上和與海相通的內陸水域的運輸和經濟貿易的現實和發展對法律的需要出發，參照和借鑒其他民商立法、國際海事條約、民間規則和合同格式，以及國外先進的立法例，吸收海商法理論研究成果，並考慮國際海事立法的發展趨勢，在船舶油污損害賠償的規定，遲延交付的規定，海上貨物留置權的規定，托運人變更解除合同權利的規定，海事賠償責任限制制度的規定等幾個方面修改現行《海商法》 。This paper deeply analyzed the principal safety accidents and itsreasons which are prone to happen at high - mechanized construction sites. the proposals on management of construction machine safety are presented based on the projects construction stages as follows : the beginning of construction, during the construction and after completion of the constraction
文章具體分析了建設施工機械化程度較高的施工現場最容易潛伏發生的主要安全事故及其原因，參照有關機械化施工方法和建設機械的管理方式，提出在建設工程施工任務開始時、施工期間、任務完成後如何做好建設機械的安全管理的建議。He did not know how long an article he should write, but he counted the words in a double - page article in the sunday supplement of the san francisco examiner, and guided himself by that
他不知道一篇文章應當寫多長，但他數了數舊金山檢驗者星期日增刊的一篇佔了兩版的文章，以它的數字作參照。Secondly in enterprise valuation cost method should proceed with book value of the financial statement, regard market value as adjusting orientation and reduce application range of cost method. when income method is adopted, four principles should be paid attention to : a : stage - by - stage income model should be used which is made by early stage income current value added by later stage income increase. b : net profit and net cash flow should be the majority of income volume
其次為：企業價值評估採用成本法應從財務報表的賬面價值入手、以市場價值為調整目標、減少成本法的應用范圍；採用收益法應以前期收益現值加後期收益額遞增的分階段收益模型，收益額以凈利潤、現金凈流量為主，收益預測以企業未來發展潛力分析為前提的銷售收入預測為主導，折現率堅持不低於無風險報酬率等四項原則，系數以回歸方程的測算為主；市場法中參照物企業選取應以同行業企業為基準、擴大數據來源，注重評估比率可靠性驗證、利用多種比率的配合等。Under section 18e of the iro, where the assessable profits of a person from any trade carried on in hong kong have been computed by reference to an account made up to a certain day in any year of assessment and the person fails to make up an account to the corresponding day in the following year of assessment, the assessable profits from that source for the year of change and the year preceding the change shall be computed recomputed on such basis as the commissioner thinks fit
根據稅務條例第18e條，任何人在香港經營任何行業所得的應評稅利潤，如已參照以任何課稅年度內某日為結帳日期的帳目而計算，但該人並沒有在下一課稅年度以同一日結算帳目，則在更改結帳日期的當年及之前的一年從該來源所得的應評稅利潤，須以局長認為適合的基準計算。According to investigate some outdoor advertisements in walking street of jiang bei region and measure their luminance, on the basis of relevant criterions, analyzing actualities of outdoor advertisements lighting in this region
摘要文章通過對重慶市江北區觀音橋一期步行街戶外廣告的調研和以燈箱廣告為代表的亮度測量，並參照國內外有關標準，分析了該地區戶外燈箱廣告照明現狀。Stock was born more than 300 years ago. though there are more classical stock investment theories, those theories which apply morden arich to analyze the stock market with date triumplantly cannot be seen usually. this paper combination : the system engineering theories, the stock certificate investment theories, the statistics theories, the western economics theories. and the finance accounting theories, independence to bring up : the method of the coefficient change of the frame of reference, the energy theories of the stock market. and excerpt the analysis method of expectation - effect
本文結合：系統工程、證券投資、概率論與數理統計、西方經濟學與財務會計學等理論，提出了：參照繫系數變動法，能量理論；引用了期望效用分析法以及即將撰寫的中值股票理論，股市風險理論等組成一個完整的股市預測與分析系統，希望為廣大股民提供一種簡單實用、準確及時的分析工具。Accounting reference period
會計參照期間In the referred period, the percentage of cyber users that at least visited a site or entity once is that site or entity s visit rate
在參照期內，至少訪問過某網站或實體一次的網民占整體網民的百分比稱為該網站或實體的到達率。分享友人