坡度限制 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [pōdùxiànzhì]
坡度限制 英文
grade limitation
  • 坡 : Ⅰ名詞（地面傾斜的地方） slope Ⅱ形容詞（傾斜） sloping; slanting
  • 度 : 度動詞[書面語] （推測; 估計） surmise; estimate
  • 限 : Ⅰ名詞（指定的范圍; 限度） limit; bounds Ⅱ動詞（指定范圍, 不許超過） set a limit; limit; restrict
  • 制 : Ⅰ動詞1 （製造） make; manufacture 2 （擬訂; 規定） draw up; establish 3 （用強力約束; 限定; 管束...
  • 坡度 : falling gradient; slope; inclination; declivity; pitch; batter
  • 限制 : place [impose] restrictions on [to]; astrict; restrict; limit; confine; shut down on [upon]: 限制...
  1. And the major results and some new viewpoints were presented as follow : 1 ) sediment content of cn tillage system in runoff process is substantially low compared to st under rainfall with high intensity, showing cn bear the efficient capacity of control soil loss. nevertheless, when soil is saturated, the runoff intensity of both tillage systems is near, implicating cn has the limited function of reducing runoff. 2 ) based on the case analysis of observed all rainfall - runoff generation processes, a ) the initiation time hysteresis of surface runoff generation is notable when rainfall fall upon the unsaturated purple soils, which is attributed to the property of rapid water sorption and much non - capillary porosity

    經近幾年的觀測和理論分析，取得了以下結果和創新的認識： 1 ）在降雨強度較大的情況下，保護性耕作制? ?聚土免耕的產沙強度明顯較常規耕作制? ?順坡耕作的小，說明聚土免耕耕作制防治土壤流失是有效的；但當土壤達到飽和后，聚土免耕的徑流強度與常規耕作的差異較小，產沙強度也增大，因此，聚土免耕防治水土流失的能力是有限的。
  2. Article 6 where the building lot for a building and connected facilities in a hot spring area is subject to restriction in regard to the gradient of slope of land on which building development is not permitted, the city / county ( municipal ) government with due jurisdiction shall consider the particular characteristics of the hot spring area ? s development in setting other criteria for review in accordance with the proviso to article 262, paragraph 3 of the building design and construction section of the building technical regulations

    溫泉區建築物及相關設施之建築基地，受山坡地坡度陡峭不得開發建築之限制者，直轄市、縣（市）政府應考量溫泉區發展特性，依建築技術規則建築設計施工編第二百六十二條第三項但書規定，另定規定審查。
  3. The thought of slope safety and landslide prevention based on risk management processes is discussed from the risk factors identification, risk assessment, risk control, and risk prevention measures of the landslide in this paper, and it is pointed out that the risk management technique is a efficient method, which helps manager to cope with the possible risk preparedly and rationally and to adopt measures to reduce the risk in a maximum limit and finally to avoid and reduce the loss of property finally

    從滑坡的風險因素識別、風險評價、風險控制、滑坡風險防範措施等風險管理流程入手，對基於風險管理技術的邊坡安全與滑坡預防思想進行了論述，指出應用風險管理技術是幫助管理者有準備地、理性地面對所可能遇見的風險，並採取措施最大限度地減少風險，最終減少或避免財產損失和人員傷亡的預防手段。
  4. On the loess plateau, water is the main limiting factors for vegetation growth. root distribution characters have special ecological meaning as it reflected the utilizations of trees to the environments. even - aged stands of robinia pseudoacacia on slope lands facing south and north were selected as sampling plots for root distribution investigation. investigatiing results showed that indicated that on all sites, root biomass decreased with depth, and the distribution depth of fine root was deeper than that of coarser root. the results of variance analysis indicated that there were great differences in root biomass among different diameter classes, and coarser root was the main sources of variance, and the root biomass, especially fine root ( < 3mm ) biomass on northern exposition sites was bigger than that on southern exposition sites. analysis of the vertical root distribution parameters, root extinction coefficient, indicated that the value of on northern exposition was more than 0. 982, while the value of on southern exposition was less than 0. 982, which indicated that the vertical root distribution depth of robinia pseudoacacia on southern exposition was deeper than that on southern exposition. and the distribution depth of fine roots ( < 1mm ) was deeper than that of thicker roots ( < 3mm ), which was in favor of the uptake of water and nutrients from deeper layers, helped the trees to adapt the arid environment, and promoted the growth of the upper parts of the tree

    在中國西北黃土高原地區，水分是樹木生長發育的主要限制因子.根系分佈特徵由於反映了樹木對環境條件的利用程度而具有更加特殊的生態意義.本研究選擇陽坡和陰坡不同立地上年齡一致的刺槐林調查了根系分佈特徵.根系垂直分佈特徵的調查結果表明，在所有立地上，根系生物量隨著深度的增加而降低，其中細根的分佈深度大於粗根的分佈深度.方差分析結果表明:不同立地上不同徑級根系的分佈特徵也有明顯的差別，粗根是差異存在的主要原因，陰坡立地上的根系生物量，特別是細根生物量大於陽坡立地上的.對根系消弱系數的分析結果表明，陰坡立地上的根系消弱系數大於0 . 982 ，而陽坡立地上的根系消弱系數小於0 . 982 ，說明陰坡立地上刺槐根系的生物量在深層土壤中的分佈相對量更大一些.其中細根的根系消弱系數大於粗根的，這種根系分佈特徵有利於根系對深層土壤水分養分的吸收利用，進而促進樹木地上部分的生長發育.圖3表3參15
  5. Abstract : on the loess plateau, water is the main limiting factors for vegetation growth. root distribution characters have special ecological meaning as it reflected the utilizations of trees to the environments. even - aged stands of robinia pseudoacacia on slope lands facing south and north were selected as sampling plots for root distribution investigation. investigatiing results showed that indicated that on all sites, root biomass decreased with depth, and the distribution depth of fine root was deeper than that of coarser root. the results of variance analysis indicated that there were great differences in root biomass among different diameter classes, and coarser root was the main sources of variance, and the root biomass, especially fine root ( < 3mm ) biomass on northern exposition sites was bigger than that on southern exposition sites. analysis of the vertical root distribution parameters, root extinction coefficient, indicated that the value of on northern exposition was more than 0. 982, while the value of on southern exposition was less than 0. 982, which indicated that the vertical root distribution depth of robinia pseudoacacia on southern exposition was deeper than that on southern exposition. and the distribution depth of fine roots ( < 1mm ) was deeper than that of thicker roots ( < 3mm ), which was in favor of the uptake of water and nutrients from deeper layers, helped the trees to adapt the arid environment, and promoted the growth of the upper parts of the tree

    文摘:在中國西北黃土高原地區，水分是樹木生長發育的主要限制因子.根系分佈特徵由於反映了樹木對環境條件的利用程度而具有更加特殊的生態意義.本研究選擇陽坡和陰坡不同立地上年齡一致的刺槐林調查了根系分佈特徵.根系垂直分佈特徵的調查結果表明，在所有立地上，根系生物量隨著深度的增加而降低，其中細根的分佈深度大於粗根的分佈深度.方差分析結果表明:不同立地上不同徑級根系的分佈特徵也有明顯的差別，粗根是差異存在的主要原因，陰坡立地上的根系生物量，特別是細根生物量大於陽坡立地上的.對根系消弱系數的分析結果表明，陰坡立地上的根系消弱系數大於0 . 982 ，而陽坡立地上的根系消弱系數小於0 . 982 ，說明陰坡立地上刺槐根系的生物量在深層土壤中的分佈相對量更大一些.其中細根的根系消弱系數大於粗根的，這種根系分佈特徵有利於根系對深層土壤水分養分的吸收利用，進而促進樹木地上部分的生長發育.圖3表3參15
  6. Absolute amounts of soil erosion is not large for the falling gradient in black soil region, but the nutrient is high in erosion soil, the nutrient of erosion soil and runoff is high, which leads to soil fertility degeneration, while n and p nutrient pour into water with surface runoff, it leads to water nutrient enrichment and pollution, and becomes one of confined factors of water nutrient enrichment

    吉林農業大學碩士學位論文黑土地表徑流氮磷養分特徵及其與肥力退化的關系由於黑土耕作區坡度平緩，土壤侵蝕的絕對量並不很大，但由於土壤中攜帶的養分高，養分流失的較多，流失的養分將引起肥力的退化，而且氮磷等養分隨地表徑流流出匯入各種水體，引起水體富營養化和污染，成為水體富營養化的限制因子。
  7. The temperature and stress field of wagon wheel under the condition of long ramp way cycle braking in daqin line have been simulated by using fem and axial symmetry model results indicate that high stress area appears on the wheel web, and the strength of wheel meets the requirement of routine operation under current braking condition

    摘要採用軸對稱模型和有限元方法，模擬了大秦線長大坡道循環制動條件下貨車車輪溫度和應力場，結果表明車輪高應力區出現在輻板上，現行制動條件下車輪強度滿足使用要求。
  8. By analyzing the relation between the train passing capacity and tunnel length as well as tunnel slopes the upper and lower limits for installing mechanical ventilation in railway double track tunnel have been determined, which provides science foundations for the formulation the ventilation design norm for railway double track tunnels in operation

    通過對列車通過能力與隧道長度和坡度關系的進一步研究，得出了內燃牽引雙線鐵路隧道設置機械通風的上、下界限，為雙線鐵路隧道運營通風設計規范的制訂提供了科學依據。
  9. ( 2 ) study on the mechanics mechanism of the calamity caused by the cave of the highway : based on the investigation in detail along the line of the highway in shan - gan loess plateau, the distribution law, the classification and characteristic of hazard of highway cave are presented ; the calamity mechanism of highway cave opposite side slope and road bed is discussed, especially the mechanism of collapsing of the hidden cave in road bed. propose " the effect of hidden corrosion ", etc. 10 kinds send to mechanism of collapsing. based on the principle of limit balance, the formula of the critical treating thickness of hidden cave is put forward as follows : according to different stratum, different size and depth, the calculation of the critical thickness of the hidden cave of roadbed has been carried on

    （ 2 ）公路洞穴的致災力學機理研究：在對陜甘黃土高原區公路沿線黃土洞穴詳細調查基礎上，研究了公路洞穴分佈規律、危害分類及致災特點；公路洞穴對邊坡及路基的致災機理，重點是路基暗穴致塌機理，並提出了「潛蝕效應」等十種致塌機制；利用極限平衡原理導出路基暗穴臨界處理厚度計算公式如下：針對不同地區不同地層，對不同尺寸和埋深的暗穴，進行了路基暗穴臨界處理厚度的計算。
  10. With the help of this program, this paper does research on the moved backwards of the slide surface, lengthening the anchor section, the soil nail ' s total force, gets conclusion about relations between the soil nail ' s length and the slope ' s grade, height, soil ' s mechanical parameter ; relations between soil nail ' s total force and coulomb soil pressure. with the help of the large multiuse finite element program ansys, this paper analyzes the soil nailing in one - step ' s slopes, in two - steps " slopes, puts the emphasis on the axis force ' s distributing along the soil nail at each rows, the effect of both the excavating mode and the original slope figure to the axis force of the soil nail, the one another effect between the upper - step slope and the nether - step slope in the soil nail ' s axis force, gets conclusion about the design of soil nail at the first low, different slope body is the same with different excavating mode, the original slope figure has more effect to some than others because of the slope body, the reasonably design of the step width in two - steps slopes, the two - steps excavating and retaining has more virtue than the one - step ' s. through soil pressure analysis this paper does research on the differences and the links between the coulomb soil pressure theory and the rankin ' s, the vertical pressure at the slope surface when the slope surface is inclined and the retaining wall is rough, the soil pressure ' s distributing behind the panel, gets conclusion about the effect of both the slope body inner stability and the slope surface local stability to the soil pressure

    通過分析比較，論證了對數螺旋線型比圓弧形作為邊坡的假設滑裂面具有較多的工程優點，並為此編制了一個採用極限平衡法分析土釘支護的fortran語言程序，以此作工具對滑裂面的后移、土釘錨固段的超長、土釘總力的大小等方面作了研究，得出了有關土釘的長度與邊坡的坡角、坡高、土體力學參數的關系、土釘總力與庫侖土壓力間的關系等結論；採用大型通用有限元數值分析程序ansys分別對採用土釘支護的一階邊坡、二階邊坡進行分析，重點是研究各排土釘的軸力分佈規律、開挖方式及原始邊坡形態對土釘的軸力的影響、上下階邊坡在土釘軸力方面的相互作用，得出了有關第一排土釘的設計問題、不同類型的土體應適用於特定的開挖方式、原始開挖出的邊坡形態對一些類型坡體的邊坡土釘支護有較大的影響而對另外一些影響不大、二階邊坡臺階寬度的合理確定、二階開挖及支護比一階時具有較多的工程優點等結論；通過土壓力分析對朗肯、庫侖兩種經典土壓力理論的區別與聯系、坡面傾斜及墻背有摩擦時的坡面豎向應力分佈、面板背土壓力的分佈形態作了研究，得出了邊坡支擋土壓力受坡體內部穩定與坡面局部穩定兩個方面的影響、土釘支護面板背土體中卸荷拱的存在對面板受力有利等結論。
  11. In this dissertation, rainfall infiltration, runoff, and soil water redistribution on a hillslope were studied by simulated rainfall experiments, and soil water cycling was investigated by site observation and soil sampling methods. moreover, the reasons for the desiccation of deep soil layer were analyzed, and its assessment indexes and standards were presented. the main results are as follows : ( 1 ) rainfall infiltration into a planar hillslope with a homogeneous isotropic soil could be simply regarded as one - dimensional infiltration process, if soil erosion was prevented

    針對當前該區植被恢復重建中存在的科學問題，以植被建設的關鍵性限制因素?土壤水分為出發點，通過室內外模擬降雨試驗，研究了坡地降雨入滲、產流及土壤水分再分佈規律，同時採用定位觀測和采樣分析相結合的方法，分析了坡地土壤水分的循環與轉化特徵，並初步建立了深層土壤乾燥化程度的評價標準，取得的主要結論如下： （ 1 ）在防止土壤侵蝕的條件下，均質坡地的降雨入滲過程可以簡化為一維。
  12. Investigation using remote sensing ( rs ) technology can breakthrough the limits of traditional methods, make full use of its capability of integration, visualization, rapidity and vast - dimensions analysis, and get better results the paper takes the up - to - date landsat - 7 etm + data, which is the most widely used, and quickbird data, which has the highest resolution nowadays, and according the features of the data and landslides, processes the quickbird data with 1 : 10 000 dem orthophoto correction and the landsat - 7 etm + data as follows : ( 1 ) selecting optimal spectrum band : selects 753 bands as the optimal bands ; ( 2 ) image intensifying : selects the principle components processing method on the basis of comparing several image intensifying methods ; ( 3 ) rigour geometric direction : corrects the geometric distortion of the map ; ( 4 ) image fusion : mainly takes his space transform fusion and resolution fusion method, and acquires maps with higher spectrum resolution as well as space resolution. after that, the visual effect of the image has been enhanced, and the interpretation precision

    採用遙感技術，可以突破傳統調查方法的限制，發揮其宏觀、綜合、直觀、快速的特點，取得更好的效果。論文選取目前應用最廣的陸地衛星最新系列landsat - 7etm +數據和空間解析度最高的商業衛星quickbird數據作為主要的數據源，根據數據的特點及滑坡災害應用特徵，對quickbird遙感數據則基於1 ： 10000dem進行了正射校正，對etm +遙感數據進行了波段優選，選取了753作為最佳組合波段；圖像增強，通過各種增強處理方法的效果對比，選擇主成分分析法對圖像進行增強；幾何精校正，糾正圖像的幾何變形；影像融合，主要選取了效果較好的his空間變換融合和解析度融合，得到的圖像既具有較高的光譜解析度，同時也具有較高的空間解析度。經過上述數字處理，較好地改善了圖像的視覺效果，提高了圖像解譯的精度。
  13. Bearing capacity and displacement are two main problems in the application of geotechnical engineering. based on a series of pull - out tests using three kinds of paper and a sort of window screening as geogrid, twenty - seven in limit and several in working - stress geogrid - reinforced slope model tests designed through orthogonal principle have been conducted to have obtained the relationship between the bearing capacity and four factors ( i. e. reinforcement, angle of reinforced slope, the designed - length of reinforcement and the distance between layers of reinforcement ). the law of slope lateral ( horizontal ) displacement versus to the height of slope vary with external - load was derived from the model test data, and the main factor affecting the lateral and vertical displacement of geogrid - reinforced slope was obtained through analysis

    承載力（強度）和變形是巖土工程應用領域的兩大主要問題，本文以紙和窗紗布模擬加筋土邊坡的土工格柵，在一系列拉拔試驗的基礎上，以正交設計理論分別安排27個極限應力狀態和若干個工作應力狀態加筋土邊坡模型試驗，並以模型試驗獲得的數據為依據，採用誤差、極差及回歸分析方法，探討了加筋土邊坡承載力與筋類、筋長、層間距、坡角4因素的相關關系，獲得了在外荷載作用下加筋土邊坡的側向位移隨坡高的變化規律（並進行了定性解釋）和坡頂的豎向位移特性，並分析其主要控制因素。
  14. The analysis shows that the depths of the major and auxiliary anchor rods are affected by the cement mortar and its bond strength with the rock body and not affected by the gradient and the height of the rock side slope

    並得到如下結論：主次描桿的錨固深度只受水泥砂漿與巖體的結合強度的影響，不受邊坡坡度和高度的限制。
  15. Pwc consulting was appointed after a competitive tendering process to carry out an analytical study on the latest developments in civil service pay administration in australia, canada, new zealand, singapore and the united kingdom. the study looked at features and issues which might be relevant to hong kong, having regard to the history and development of the civil service pay policy and system here

    經過一項競爭性投標后，專責小組委聘了普華永道諮詢有限公司，就澳洲、加拿大、紐西蘭、新加坡和英國在管理公務員薪酬方面的最新發展，進行分析研究，在顧及本港公務員薪酬政策和制度發展過程的情況下，探討香港可以借鏡的地方。
  16. In support of the task force on the review of civil service pay policy and system, pwc consulting were appointed in february 2002 to conduct research into the latest developments in civil service pay administration in selected governments and to identify practices that might be of relevance to hong kong, having regard to the history and development of the civil service pay system here

    月委聘普華永道諮詢有限公司協助研究若干海外國家在公務員薪酬管理方面的最新發展，在顧及香港公務員薪酬制度的歷史和發展下，尋找一些可供香港借鑒的做法。本研究以澳洲加拿大紐西蘭新加坡和英國作為主要探討對象。
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