壞研究與應用 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [huàiyánjiūyǔyīngyòng]
壞研究與應用 英文
mechanical research & application
  • 壞 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （不好的; 惡劣的; 使人不滿意的） bad 2 （表示程度深 多用在表示心理狀態的動詞或形容詞後面...
  • 研 : 研同 「硯」
  • 究 : Ⅰ動詞（仔細推求; 追查） study carefully; go into; investigate Ⅱ副詞[書面語] （到底; 究竟） actually; really; after all
  • 應 : 應動詞1 （回答） answer; respond to; echo 2 （滿足要求） comply with; grant 3 （順應; 適應） suit...
  • 用 : Ⅰ動詞1 （使用） use; employ; apply 2 （多用於否定: 需要） need 3 （敬辭: 吃; 喝） eat; drink Ⅱ名...
  • 研究 : 1. （探求） study; research 2. （考慮或商討） consider; discuss; deliberate
  1. Based on extensive investigation of construction technique history of chinese ancient buildings, the structure method, structure developing history and seismic behavior of chinese ancient timber structure buildings are analyzed in several respects of the structural system and form. through a series of experiments on constituent parts of chinese ancient timber building structure, including the tests on the corbels and brackets called dougong subjected to low cyclic reversed loadings, the tests on the wooden frame using the tenon - mortise joints as connections of column and beam subjected to low cyclic reversed loadings, the tests on vibration isolation effect of friction and slippage between column footing and their socle base, and a series of shaking table tests on a chinese ancient timber structure palace building mode under artificial earthquake at serving conditions, destroyed conditions and reinforced conditions, many valuable results of structures such as moment - curvature hysteretic loops of dougong structure and tenon - mortise joints under low cyckc reversed loadings, the static function, the seismic performance, energy dissipation, vibration reduction, energy - loss mechanism, nechanicalmode and failure mode were studied. aplenty of valuable parameters of the structure system were obtained, such as the natural period of structure, vibration modes, damping ratio, factor of vibration isolation, oscillate amplitude of ineitial accebration, velocity and displacement, magnitude of slippage, and the mechanism of structure failure and collapse etc. based on these research, the complete analysis of ancient timber structure under earthquake were carried out in which including mechanism analysis method, calculating mode, strength analysis of members and joints, strengthening methods for serving damaged ancient timber structure buildings were also taken into account

    依照宋代《營造法式》建造了抬梁式殿堂木結構構件及結構模型，對中國古代木結構中的典型構造如：柱腳在礎石頂面平擱簡支、柱架榫卯連接、柱高不越間之廣、側腳、生起、斗拱等的構造機理及結構功能進行了量化分析和實驗研究： （一）通過木柱石礎靜摩擦試驗，測定了柱腳與石礎古鏡面間的摩擦系數及摩擦力隨上部結構荷載變化的規律； （二）通過單柱承載力試驗，測定了古建築中木柱的受力變形特徵、破壞模式、及模型材料的變形模量、極限承載力、極限變形等參量； （三）通過柱架低周反復荷載試驗，測定了柱架的抗側移剛度、柱架恢復力特性及滯回曲線、榫卯張角剛度及其變化規律、柱架及榫卯的極限承載力和極限變形、及榫卯減振參數； （四）通過斗?低周反復荷載試驗和受壓試驗，測定了古建築木構件與木構件間摩擦系數，斗?抗側移剛度，斗?恢復力特性及滯回曲線，斗?抗壓極限承載力及受力變形規律； （五）通過抬梁式殿堂間架模型振動臺試驗，測定了殿堂木構架結構自振周期，地震反應振形、阻尼特性及阻尼比；按結構分層特點對柱腳、柱頭和斗?層上的屋蓋的地震反應採用多點同步測量，對柱根滑移、榫卯變形、斗?的變形、復位、耗能減振參數等進行了定量分析。
  2. As the popularization and application of integrate logistics support engineering thinking at our country industry field and the military continuously, the evaluation of equipment integrate logistics support capability become the mostly means to check up the stand and fall of equipment character of supportable design, the efficiency of the equipment using supportability and the decision - making to equipment ' s continuous model development, at the same time, along with the development and maturity of computer simulation technique, the research of analysing and evaluating equipment ' s effectiveness steps into a new stage, we can get the handle and maintain data on the base of originally lasting accumulating in existence by utilizing the computer emulating technique, which is necessary to analyzing and evaluating the ground - to - ground missile ' s integrate logistics support effectiveness, via simulating the handling and maintaining process of ground - to - ground missile weapon, we can evaluate the ils effectiveness comp rehensively, impersonally, veraciously, consequently, provide decision - making gist to make the best support project

    隨著綜合保障工程思想在我國工業界和軍方不斷普及和推廣應用，裝備綜合保障能力的評估成為檢驗裝備保障性設計好壞、裝備使用保障效能高低以及裝備后續型號發展決策的主要手段，同時隨著計算機模擬技術的不斷完善和成熟，裝備效能分析與評估研究進入了一個新階段，我們可以在導彈武器綜合保障效能分析與評估所需使用與維修數據原始積累的基礎上，利用計算機模擬導彈武器在真實使用環境中的使用維修過程，達到對導彈武器系統的綜合保障能力進行更全面、客觀、準確的評價目的，從而為裝備保障部門制定最優的保障方案提供更好的決策依據。
  3. 2. because the fracture mode of 3d braided cmc is the interfacial fracture of mode i and mode ii, energy release rate gc and complex stress intensity factor kc was designated as characterization parameters of fracture toughness in the linear fracture theories. 3

    根據三維編織c sic復合材料斷裂韌性的表徵問題屬于線彈性理論范疇以及材料斷裂模式是界面損傷破壞模式的實驗研究結果，提出了該材料的表徵參量應該使用與界面相關的型和型混合斷裂的能量釋放率g _ c ，或者使用復應力強度因子k _ c 。
  4. Relating closely to the main problem of the high sidewall and wide span underground cavities excavation stability of xiluodu hydroelectric project, the evolution characters of geo - stress field in deep - cutting gorge and the whole features of the stress field, strain field and plastic failure zone around the underground chambers after excavation are studied systematically in the dissertation, based on a great deal of data gathered in field investigation and taking the flac3d v2. 0 software as basic computation tools. meanwhile, in the course of research, the new methods of dynamic numerical simulation are summarized and applied. furthermore, the effects of rock mass qualities, initial geo - stress field and excavation procedure on surrounding rock mass stability are discussed

    本文緊密結合溪洛渡水電工程大跨度、高邊墻復雜地下廠房洞室群，施工開挖過程中和開挖后圍巖穩定性研究這一重大課題，在詳盡的野外地質調查工作和對大量基礎地質資料的整理與分析基礎上，以目前國際工程地質界公認的最新通用軟體flac ~ （ 3d ） 2 . 0版作為基本計算工具，從整個壩區地應力場的研究開始，通過動態數值模擬分析這一新的模擬思路，系統地研究了深切峽谷區地應力場多階段的特徵和演變規律，進而對左、右岸地下廠房洞室群開挖全過程中圍巖應力場、變形場和塑性破壞區的變化特徵，進行了全過程動態數值模擬研究，並詳細討論了圍巖質量、初始地應力場、施工開挖順序對大型地下洞室群圍巖穩定性的影響。
  5. In this paper, the author combines the theory analysis with the experiment research method, and discusses the seismic behaviours, 3d elaborate finite element analysis and simplified model analysis of a kind of multi - function tall building - " sub - shearwall supported by frame ", which is applied widely today. the main contents are as follows : in order to observe the failure process and the earthquake response of the complex structure, and to analysis the seismic behaviour of the structural system and structural members, a 1 / 20 cement mortor model of a complex tall - building which is about to be built was producted and the shaking table test of this model under 26 sorts of earthquake loads was made. using sap2000 finite element analysis program, a 3d analysis model was built in computer, and the elastic time - history analysis of the model was done

    本文採用理論分析和試驗研究相結合的方法，研究了目前應用較多的綜合性大廈? ?框支分區剪力墻高層商住樓的抗震性能及空間精細分析和簡化分析方法，主要內容為以下幾方面：對一擬建的復雜高層建築結構，採用1 20比例的空間整體模型，進行了26種工況下的模擬地震振動臺試驗，觀察了結構的破壞過程和地震反應，分析了結構及構件的抗震性能；建立了結構的精細空間模型，利用sap2000n大型有限元分析程序對結構進行了彈性時程分析；通過有限元分析與試驗結果的對比，對結構的抗震性能和抗震能力做出綜合評價，認為該結構由於轉換層上部去掉部分樓板，既可滿足建築設計的通風、採光等要求，又可達到協調結構轉換層上、下樓層抗側剛度的效果，是一種較理想的有多道抗震防線的結構型式。
  6. Finally, an energy approach is combined with the fem in the simulation of the crack propagation along the fiber / matrix interface in a pull out process. the simulated results are in nice conformity with experimental results. the second part of the research deals with the characterization of the failure process in the fragmentation tests, which is one of the most frequently used test methods in studying thermal mechanical properties of fiber / matrix interfaces

    在這一部分工作的最後，採用能量法與有限元法結合起來，模擬纖維抽拔試驗中裂紋的擴展:針對以往研究工作中的不足之處，在模擬中使用能量釋放率，在表徵界面破壞時，所使用的應力強度因子考慮了纖維和基體兩種材料的不同屬性，並考慮裂紋尖端的單元奇異性，來研究裂紋長度和溫度對裂紋擴展的影響。
  7. Overhead expenses of overhead expenses is to show the enterprise is organization and administrative company production to run all sorts of cost of place happening, include company board of directors and administration department to happen in the management of the enterprise, the company funds that perhaps should consolidate a responsibility by the enterprise ( include wage of administration department worker, repair cost, stock to use up, cost of running stores amortize, office and poor travelling expenses ), union funds, be out of job membership due of insurance premium, cost of labor security, board of directors ( include directorate member to allowance, conference is expended and differ travelling expenses to wait ), invite intermediary orgnaization cost, advisory cost ( contain adviser, legal cost, business receives fee, house property duty, car boat royalities, land royalities, stamp duty, the technology transfers cost, mineral products resource compensates cost, intangible assets amortize, the worker teachs funds, consider to be expended with development, blowdown cost, goods in stock dish deficient or investory profit ( do not include to answer plan the loss of goods in stock that enters the defray outside doing business ), plan the bad zhang preparation that carry and goods in stock cheapen preparation

    治理費用治理費用是指企業為組織和治理企業生產經營所發生的各種費用，包括企業董事會和行政治理部門在企業的經營治理中發生的，或者應由企業統一負擔的公司經費（包括行政治理部門職工工資，修理費、物料消耗、低值易耗品攤銷、辦公費和差旅費等） 、工會經費、待業保險費、勞動保險費、董事會會費（包括董事會成員津貼、會議費和差旅費等） 、聘請中介機構費、咨詢費（含顧問費） ，訴訟費，業務招待費，房產稅，車船使用稅，土地使用稅，印花稅，技術轉讓費，礦產資源補償費，無形資產攤銷，職工教育經費，研究與開發費，排污費，存貨盤虧或盤盈（不包括應計入營業外支出的存貨損失） 、計提的壞賬預備和存貨跌價預備等。
  8. Present methods generally based on the statistics of earthquake damage, expert experiences, theory analysis and experimental researches have obvious advantages, disadvantages and certain scopes of application ; ( 2 ) different prediction methods should be adopted against different building conditions, sites, intensity and experiences etc to predict earthquake damage of buildings for prospective accuracy, dependability and availability ; ( 3 ) earthquake damage matrix, which is the foundation of earthquake damage prediction, of 7 kinds of building in the urban areas of zhangzhou city under intensity 6 to 9 has been set up. the damage conditions of different buildings under different intensity are as followings : all kinds of structures are basically intact under intensity 6 ; the reinforced concrete structures are basically intact under intensity 7, but other kinds of structures are destroyed slightly ; the reinforced concrete structures are still basically intact while other kinds of structures are destroyed intermediately under intensity 8 ; the reinforced concrete structures are destroyed slightly, single - story factories and open houses are destroyed intermediately and other kinds of structures are destroyed seriously under intensity 9 ; ( 4 ) the results of earthquake damage predicting of buildings embody the damage when earthquake happens in the future. thus, further identifications and reinforcements should be considered to buildings that will be destroyed intermediately or more under the earthquake with 10 % exceeding probability in future 50 years ; ( 5 ) the direct economic losses caused by damage of buildings resting with the area, structural type, intensity and damage of all kinds of buildings are the main part of the losses of the city in an earthquake ; ( 6 ) the direct economic losses increased progressively toward high intensity by 2 or 3 times

    基於上述研究，得出的主要結論有：建築物震害預測是一個模糊的、系統的、復雜的問題，現有的方法很多一般都是以震害統計規律、專家經驗、理論分析和試驗研究為依據，有其自身的優缺點和一定的適用范圍；應針對不同的建築物條件、場地條件、地震強度和已有經驗等，採用不同的預測方法進行建築物震害預測，以使預測結果達到預期的精確性、可靠性和可操作性；建立了漳州市區7類建築物在6度9度地震作用下的震害矩陣，成為指導抗震防災的重要依據，各類結構的震害情況表現為： 6度地震作用下各類建築物基本完好； 7度地震作用下除鋼筋混凝土結構基本完好外其餘以建築輕微破壞為主； 8度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構仍以基本完好為主而其餘建築以中等破壞為主； 9度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構以輕微破壞為主，單層工業廠房和空曠房屋以中等破壞為主，其餘建築以嚴重破壞為主；建築物的震害預測結果體現了未來地震來臨時的震害程度，在編制漳州市區抗震防災規劃時，對于遭遇50年超越概率10的地震影響發生中等以上破壞的建築物應考慮進行抗震鑒定和加固；由建築物的破壞所造成的直接經濟損失是城市地震經濟損失的主要部分，重慶大學碩士學位論文中文摘要其主要與建築物總面積、結構類型、地震烈度和各類建築物的震害程度有關;不同烈度造成的直接經濟損失按2一3倍向高烈度方向遞增，漳州市區直接經濟損失由6度至9度的比例關系為1 : 2 . 8 : 8 . 6 : 22 . 8 ;遭遇基本地震設防烈度（ 7度）時，漳州市區直接經濟損失約4 . 5億元，無家可歸人員約40000人，且以磚木結構和多層磚混結構的震害損失最大;地震造成的人員傷亡主要與建築物倒塌及嚴重破壞的程度和總面積以及震時的建築物室內人數密切相關，地震時無家可歸人員主要與住宅倒塌、嚴重破壞及中等破壞的程度和總面積以及城市人均居住面積密切相關。
  9. With metal fatigue in material mechanics, this paper deduces the limestone fatigue curve of longmen grottoes by means of marble s one within the error permission. by the experiment elects the crucial factors of current vibration environment in longmen grottoes, the author contrasts the result of the experiment with its fatigue curve referred above and analyses the fatigue effect of longmen grottoes. finally, it is pointed out that after longmen grottoes have being suffered weathering and water - erosion more than 1500 years, the vibration environment is becoming an crucial factor leads to fatigue effect, especially in those weak surface carvings just like the crossings of several rifts, serious weathering places, etc

    借鑒材料力學中金屬疲勞破壞的研究手段，在誤差允許范圍內用大理巖疲勞曲線推導出門石窟石灰巖疲勞曲線。通過對石窟實際振動環境中典型要素的抽取和振動試驗，將試驗結果與疲勞曲線進行對比，分析了門石窟的疲勞破壞效應。文章指出，在經歷了1500多年的風化和流水溶蝕后，振動環境已成為導致門石窟某些薄弱點如多條裂隙交叉點嚴重風化酥解的壁面雕刻品等產生疲勞破壞的重要誘發因素。
  10. In this paper, based on the analysis of the rlem of theory foundation, computing method, preference, applicability, etc, we anatomized the rlem of three self - deficiencies and six scarcities. moreover, we adopted the parallel ways of contrasting the rlem with the fem and applied it to analyzing the impact of slide block of elasticity and plasticity, slip surface of coefficient and slip bed of elasticity, plasticity upon the stability of slope and in the plain linearity slope, the plain refracted line slope and the plain arc slope. in addition, we discussed the warp of between the lem of ( sarma, janbu, order, bishop, morgenstera - price, etc ) and the fem of result and the distributing of positive stress and shear stress on the slip surface

    本文從剖析剛體極限平衡法的理論基礎、計算方法、參數選取、適用條件等方面入手，剖析了剛體極限平衡方法的3點自身缺陷和6點不足，並在此基礎上採用了剛體極限平衡法（平面滑動破壞法、 sarma法、傳遞系數法、普遍條分法、 janbu法、 bishop法、 morgenstern - price法）與大型有限元法對比研究的方法，分析研究了平面直線型滑坡、平面折線型滑坡、平面圓弧型滑坡在漸進破壞中邊坡的滑體彈塑性參數、滑麵塑性參數） 、滑床的彈塑性、以及極限平衡法無法考慮開挖應力釋放等因素對邊坡穩定性的影響與滑動面上的正應力、剪應力分佈規律、安全系數的解答的差異。
  11. In this paper, the researching and developing situating at home and abroad on aseismic properties of the masonry structures are reviewed. aiming to the defects of the calculated formulas of the aseismatic shear strength of brick walls in the code for seismic design of building ( gb50011 - 2001 ) and the code for design of masonry structures ( gb50003 - 2001 ), through test on brick wall models between the single wall and the wall with flanges, restoring force characteristics, the behavior at failure of the brick masonry wall and the effect of longitudinal wall under cyclic horizontal loading were analyzed the aseismic capacity has increased by 31 % for wall with flanges, the rigidity and deformation of the wall has gone up greatly too. the conclusion that the effect of longitudinal wall should be comprised in the aseismatic formulas was proposed

    本文回顧了國內外關于砌體結構抗震性能的研究與發展現狀，針對建築抗震設計規范（ gb50011 - 2001 ）和砌體結構設計規范（ gb50003 - 2001 ）中墻體抗震驗算公式中的不足之處，通過單片墻和帶翼緣墻在垂直荷載和水平反復荷載作用下的對比試驗，研究了帶翼緣墻在水平反復荷載作用下的恢復力特性曲線、磚墻破壞特徵以及縱墻的影響等，翼緣墻的存在，主墻抗剪能力可以提高31 ，剛度及變形能力也均有較大提高的結論，墻體驗算公式中應當考慮縱橫墻共同作用的影響。
  12. After the 1960s, some new breakage theories, such as the fracture mechanics and the damage mechanics, had been applied in the research of the concrete. it made people had the farther understanding about the concrete. based on the existing research productions of inland and overseas, combining with the experimental results and applying the viewpoints of the composite material, the energy, the combination of grandness and

    本文結合試驗所得到的結果，在國內外已有研究成果的基礎上，應用復合材料觀點、能量觀點以及宏觀與細觀、損傷與斷裂相結合等觀點，較為詳細地探討了鋼纖維輕骨料混凝土的破壞特點和增強機理，並將損傷理論與斷裂理論結合起來對其受力性能的規律進行深入的分析。
  13. Microstructural change and thermal shock performance of metal / ceramic graded thermal barrier coatings in thermal shock experiments were studied by scanning electron microscope and energy - dispersive spectrometry. the results showed : 1 ) metal microstructure kept intact while ceramic microstructure had been destroyed ; 2 ) thermal shock performance of coatings was interrelated with its function to relax residual stresses, therefore thermal shock performance of gradient thermal barrier coatings was better than that of terraced thermal barrier coatings ; 3 ) thermal shock performance was concerned with metal content in metal / ceramic thermal barrier coatings, which would be improved when metal content was increased

    利用掃描電子顯微鏡和能譜成分分析技術研究了金屬/陶瓷梯度熱障塗層在熱震過程中的顯微組織變化及其抗熱震性能.結果表明： 1 ）金屬顯微組織保持完好，陶瓷顯微組織有明顯的破壞； 2 ）塗層抗熱震性能與其熱應力緩和功能密切相關，梯度熱障塗層比階梯熱障塗層具有更高的抗熱震性能； 3 ）金屬/陶瓷熱障塗層抗熱震性能與其中金屬相含量有關，金屬相含量增加可改善塗層抗熱震性能
  14. The foundation engineering is typical in both excavation depth and scale, on the basis of in - situ investigation, the design optimistic of retaining wall was discussioned in this paper, the mian reseaches including : the using of fem optimazition methods of rods system ; the delvopment of programs for optimazition of imbedding depth of structure based on matlab and for whole design optimaziton of the retaining structures based on ansys, under the two controlling factors of the saft coefficient and the reliability probability about the whole damage of retaining atructure ; the analysis on the m index of soil, the depth of retaining structures imbedded in the rock and the overall optimistic design of retaining structures

    該基礎工程不論在開挖深度還是規模上都很具有代表性。作者在現場調研的基礎上，探討了基坑支護結構設計優化問題。主要研究內容可以歸納為：應用基於m法的彈性地基梁桿系有限元方法；在圍護結構整體穩定性安全系數與可靠性破壞概率兩種控制因素下，編寫了嵌巖深度優化的matlab程序與圍護結構整體設計優化的ansys批處理程序；進行了地層抗力比例系數反算、地下連續墻嵌巖深度優化與地下連續墻結構體系整體設計優化。
  15. Abstract : in this paper, the major problems in water resources, flood and drought, and water environment in china are analysed, and new subjects of study on hydrology are pointed out, including the uncertainty of hydrological phenomena, the effect of human activities on hydrology, the calculation of water level frequency, the optimum effcet of water resource development and utilization, the analysis of water supply and demand, the mechanism of water - saving agricultural irrigation, flood and drought prevention, etc

    文摘:從水資源開發利用與保護、水旱災害防治等方面論述中國當前存在的主要水問題：水危機和水浪費同時存在、水污染日趨嚴重、防洪減災任重道遠、生態環境破壞嚴重、全球氣候變暖產生不利影響；進而論述水文學研究面臨的新課題：水文現象的不確定性、人類活動對水文的影響、水位頻率計算、水資源開發利用的最佳效應、水資源供需分析、農業節水灌溉機理及水旱災害的防治，並指出必須加強對這些新課題的研究
  16. Sparedescription : in this paper, the major problems in water resources, flood and drought, and water environment in china are analysed, and new subjects of study on hydrology are pointed out, including the uncertainty of hydrological phenomena, the effect of human activities on hydrology, the calculation of water level frequency, the optimum effcet of water resource development and utilization, the analysis of water supply and demand, the mechanism of water - saving agricultural irrigation, flood and drought prevention, etc

    描述:從水資源開發利用與保護、水旱災害防治等方面論述中國當前存在的主要水問題：水危機和水浪費同時存在、水污染日趨嚴重、防洪減災任重道遠、生態環境破壞嚴重、全球氣候變暖產生不利影響；進而論述水文學研究面臨的新課題：水文現象的不確定性、人類活動對水文的影響、水位頻率計算、水資源開發利用的最佳效應、水資源供需分析、農業節水灌溉機理及水旱災害的防治，並指出必須加強對這些新課題的研究
  17. But, for the reflective cracking of asphalt pavement with half rigid base course and the cracking of the ac overlay above joints ( cracks ) in existing pcc pavement, the results of research show that the fatigue life of ac layer is mainly the life of the crack propagating stage. so the theory and method of fatigue destructive mechanics ( fatigue fracture mechanics and fatigue damage mechanics ) should be used to study and design the pavement structures instead of traditional fatigue mechanics

    而對於半剛性基層反射裂縫和舊水泥混凝土路面瀝青混凝土加鋪層接縫（裂縫）開裂，研究發現，瀝青結構層的疲勞壽命主要為裂縫擴展階段的壽命，此時不應採用傳統的疲勞力學進行研究和結構層設計，而應採用疲勞破壞力學（疲勞斷裂力學和疲勞損傷力學）理論與方法。
  18. Presents the investigation of the heat conduction behavior, internal thermal stress field of specimen under thermal shock and microscopic damage and failure of the tungsten based composites by combination of macroscopic and microscopic analyses and integration of material science and mechanics ; describes a microscopic mechanical model based on the microstructure of components with macroscopic stress applied to the microscopic model as that of maximum principal stress at the center, and the fringe of the specimen, and the microscopic stress fields obtained through calculation by the finite element method, and concludes from test results that the maximum principal stress is first generated inside the test coupon, and a failure will be first initiated in the inclusion if the material fails at this time ; the maximum principal stress moves to the edge of the test coupon after the test coupon is heated for a period of time, and the failure will first be initiated in the base if the material fails at this time

    從材料設計的思想出發，採用宏觀與微觀、材料科學與力學相結合的方法，對鎢基復合材料的熱傳導行為、材料在熱沖擊載荷下的內部熱應力場及材料細觀結構的破壞行為進行了詳細的理論研究.根據鎢基復合材料的細觀組織結構建立了材料細觀模型.在宏觀分析的基礎上，分析了材料微結構內部的破壞行為.分別取試件心部與邊緣主應力值最大點的應力狀態，施加在所建立的模型上，用有限元方法計算了模型內部的彈性應力場.結果表明：試件主應力最大值首先產生在試件內部，此時，如果材料發生破壞將先從夾雜中開始；加熱一段時間后試件中的最大主應力值轉移到試件邊緣，此時材料發生破壞將先從基體中開始
  19. ( s ) weathering and unloading action which are the two main exogenous process is active in epigenetic - surface. so, although one is different with the other, they are associated with each other closely and are cntrolled by geostress and seepage fields. in fact, weak weathered zone corresponds to weak load - off one, strong weathered zone corresponds to strong load - off one in virtue of result of this dissertation. ( 6 ) rock mass is a geologic body which is composed of rock and structural plane. and under the condition of geostress. temperature and seepage fields, correspondingly. studying weathering should pay attation to the aspects of rock, structural plane and fields. according to this. the author subdivises rockmass weathering into rock weathering and structural weathering, ulteriorly, the dissertation studies rockmass weathering from three aspects as follows : ? ock weathering : aberrance degree of mineral and physical mechanical performance of weathered rock ; ? e have already knew that weathering action damage the integrity of rock mass, but few applies it to engineering practice. the dissertation is based on trend o

    本文研究結果為弱卸荷與弱風化大致對應、強卸荷與強風化大致對應； （ 6 ）巖體是由組成它的巖石與缺陷賦存於一定環境場中的地質體，據此本文將巖體風化細劃為巖石風化與結構面風化，並進而將表徵巖體風化的指標相應地歸結為三個方面來加以研究並應用於工程實踐，這就是：對于巖石風化，主要為礦物的變異程度與風化巖石的物理力學性能研究：雖已認識到風化作用破壞了巖體完整性，但將該理論應用於巖體風化分帶卻不多見，本文即從淺表部位硬性結構面間距、條數、跡長、塊度等隨遠離臨空面的變化規律來研究巖體風化分帶：不同風化、卸荷程度的巖體實際處于不同環境場中，彈性波速變化與特定環境場相對應，因而是反映巖體風化、卸荷的綜合因素。
  20. The influence factors and control procedures of ductility of flexural mechanics of reinforced concrete is analyzed. with experiments of prestressed hollow bats reinforced with 800mpa spiral - ribs steel bars, the relation of ductility of steel bar and component is discussed, the influence factors and control procedures of ductility of flexural mechanics of prestressed concrete is analyzed. through the theory analysis and calculation, the recommendation fo

    本文在理論分析基礎上結合800mpa螺旋肋鋼絲預應力主心板的試驗，探討鋼筋延性與構件截面延性、構件位移延性的關系，研究預應力混凝土受彎構件在單調荷載作用下截面延性和位移延性的影響因素及其影響規律進而為控制構件延性即破壞形態提供相應的方法和依據。
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