壟斷的不完全 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [lǒngduàndebùwánquán]
壟斷的不完全 英文
monopolistic imperfection
  • 壟 : 名詞1. （耕地上培成的土埂） ridge 2. （田地分界的稍稍高起的小路） raised path between fields3. （像壟的東西） ridge-like things
  • 斷 : Ⅰ動詞1 （分成段） break; snap 2 （斷絕;隔斷） break off; cut off; stop 3 （戒除） give up; abstai...
  • 的 : 4次方是 The fourth power of 2 is direction
  • 不 : 名詞[書面語] （剁物所用的木墩） a block of wood
  • 全 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （完備; 齊全） complete 2 （整個） whole; entire; full; total Ⅱ副詞（完全; 都） entirely...
  • 壟斷 : monopolize; forestall; monopoly
  1. Discuss the incompletion of the natural monopolization and the realization of the efficacious competition of electric power industry

    論電力產業自然壟斷的不完全與有效競爭的實現
  2. Directed against the characteristic of oligopsony of market of vtchp solar water heater market, the thesis researches the equilibrium condition of this market with the game theory, sets up a dynatic game model under the imperfect information condition, concludes that holding and cooperation are the subgame perfect nash equilibrium to promote the development of vtchp solar water heater market

    針對vtchp太陽能熱水器市場寡頭壟斷的特點，論文運用博弈理論研究了該市場的均衡情況，建立了不完全信息下的動態博弈模型，得出容納與合作是促進vtchp太陽能熱水器市場發展的子博弈精練納什均衡。
  3. With the trend of openness and integration of globlal economy, exchange rate is playing more and more important role in influencing the allocation of global resources. the sensitivity of the price of tradale goods to exchange rate fluctuation becomes the focus of international economics because it is a critical vector and transmitter when an economy is confronted of exogenous impact. traditional international economics theory assume that nominal exchange rate fluctuation has complete pass - through effect, namely it ’ s change will introduce proportional change of tradable goods, then it will influence such macroeconomic vector as term of trade, import and export, inflation, employment, productivity, income allocation, and so on. from a microeconomic angle, including pricing to market, innovative behavior, menu cost and sunk cost, the paper probe into the pricing model of international enterprices under floating exchange rate and testify the incomplete pass - through of exchange rate and it ’ s detailed reason, then discuss the inspiration it has on china. it ’ s believable this kind of research will play a big part in china ’ s exchange rate scheme and some macroeconomic problems such as exchange rate tranmitting channel and effects, exchange rate fluctuating behavior

    傳統的國際經濟學理論認為，名義匯率的波動具有完全的傳遞性（ completepass - through ） ，即它的變化會引起同比例的進出口貿易品相對價格以及貿易品和非貿易品相對價格的變化，然後通過需求變動的支出轉移效應（ expenditureswitching ）來影響國內經濟的諸多宏觀變量，如貿易條件、進出口貿易額、通脹水平、就業量、勞動生產率以及收入分配等，本文從依市定價（ pricingtomarket ） 、創新行為、菜單成本以及沉澱成本等四個不同的微觀角度，通過對浮動匯率下國際壟斷競爭性生產廠商的定價模型具體而透徹的探討，論證了匯率的不完全傳遞性並深入分析了決定匯率傳遞彈性的重要影響因素，闡述了該理論對人民幣匯率的啟示，這樣的研究會對我國今後的匯率政策以及匯率的傳導機制、傳導效應、波動行為等宏觀經濟問題起到重要的作用。
  4. In the first chapter, this paper define the loan behavior of commercial banks as some kind of contract under the market condition, then provides its five premises. furthermore, it performs a academic deduction econometrically by a monopolized market structure model, in terms of both free interest rate and constricted interested rate, from which conclusion is drawn that, also proved by loan rationing theory in various aspects, if there is complete information, loan contract will be helpful to transfer risks. chapter 2 is concentrated on china ' s stated - owned commercial banks

    本文首先對商業銀行信貸行為進行界定，認為商業銀行的信貸行為是市場化的合約行為，並提出了市場化合約行為的五大前提條件，並通過構建壟斷型市場結構下在利率受到限制與利率不受限制條件下商業銀行信貸行為的理論模型對市場化信貸行為進行數學上的推導、分析，得出在利率限制條件下商業銀行與企業之間具有完全信息時，信貸合約是有轉嫁風險的行為，以及利率限制條件下商業銀行與企業之間具有不對稱信息和利率不限制條件下商業銀行與企業之間具有不對稱信息時的各種情況。
  5. Traditional natural monopoly theory used government regulation of natural monopoly industries as the answer to the question of " market failure ", which ignored that government as a link of trust - agency was influenced by some condition such as many - faceted aim function, uncompleted information and the defect in its public decision theory etc. then under the lack of rigid restrain, the action of government regulation maybe produce some negative influence including the question of dynamic consistency

    傳統自然壟斷規制理論將政府規制視為「市場失敗」的政府解，忽略了政府作為委託代理鏈條中的一環，受其目標函數多元化、信息不完全、公共決策體制存在的缺陷等情況所影響，在缺乏硬約束的情況下，政府規制行為有可能會衍生出動態一致性（ dynamicconsistency ）問題。
  6. According to the research of the modern enterprise ' s resource view, this paper points out : expanding the boundary of the firm and transferring the knowledge within it through foreign direct investment, the multinational corporations not only keep the integrality of knowledge stocks, but also build the platform for recombination and creation of new knowledge in order to acquire the dynamic competitive advantage. by the method of historical research and comparative analysis combining qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis together, the author utilizes the modern enterprise ' s resource view to revise the advantage theory in the following aspects : mncs " way of overseas expanding, enter decision, relation of mother and son of mncs, mnc raising social efficiency and small and medium - sized enterprises overseas investment. the after revising, the advantage theory can better explain the reality and developing trend of current mncs and bring certain enlightenment to chinese enterprise in economic globalization and offer academic supporting and guidance for its overseas direct investment behavior

    本文根據對現代企業資源觀理論的研究，指出跨國公司通過對外直接投資來拓展企業邊界並進行知識的內部轉移，不僅可以保持企業現有知識存量的完整性，而且也為知識的再結合和創造新知識構築了平臺，通過歷史考察與比較分析相結合、定性分析與定量研究相結合的方法，利用現代企業資源觀理論，在跨國公司海外擴展方式選擇、進入決策、跨國公司母子關系、跨國公司提高社會效率和中小企業海外投資等方面對壟斷優勢論進行了修正，使得經過修正的壟斷優勢論能夠更有力地解釋當今跨國公司發展的現實和趨勢，給經濟全球化中的中國企業帶來一定的啟示，為其海外直接投資行為提供一定的理論支持與幫助。
  7. The re - regulation involves two different subjects : one is to re - regulate the institution itself ; another one is to perfect the contents system, but to achieve this point, four aspects should be included : ( 1 ) incentive regulation under conditions of remnant natural monopoly. ( 2 ) regulation on the intersection between natural monopoly and competition and under the transition from natural monopoly to competition : asymmetric regulation ( 3 ) perfection of the anti - monopoly regulation after fulfilling the adequate competition ( 4 ) social regulation in addition to the economic regulation

    規制重建涉及到兩方面的內容：一是規制機構本身的重建，二是規制內容體系的完善，而要建立完善的內容體系，應包括四個方面： （ 1 ）對殘存的自然壟斷領域實施激勵性規制； （ 2 ）對自然壟斷與競爭的界面或在從自然壟斷向充分競爭過渡中實現以保護有效競爭為目的的規制，本文提出具有過渡性質的「不對稱規制」 ； （ 3 ）在充分競爭實現后健全反壟斷規制； （ 4 ）在推行上述經濟性規制的同時，完善社會性規制。
  8. In china the regulatory organizations are of incomplete independence in formulating rules and regulations for naturally monopolistic industries, but the complete or absolute independence as a target is impossible right away during the economic transform period

    中國自然壟斷產業規制機構存在著獨立性不足的問題，但轉型時期，還無法達到完全獨立的制度目標。
  9. And the market conducts of telecom enterprises have changed greatly. the pricing conduct has developed from the past monopolistic price to the present fierce pricing competition

    這些都反映了我國當前的電信改革並不徹底，壟斷尚未完全打破，有效競爭仍然不足。
  10. During 60 ' s and 70 ' s in the 20th century, the study in this field mainly developed toward four directions : ( 1 ) studying the pure advantages owned by mne ( multinational enterprise ) according to industry organizing theory, such as the specific advantages theory by s. h. hymer ; ( 2 ) studying on fdi was linked with foreign trade with a dynamic analysis method, such as product cycle theory by r. vernon. ( 3 ) according to production location theory, studying was concerned on why mne invest in certain country rather than the others. ( 4 ) according to the firm theory, studying on the influence of incomplete market on the mne ' s fdi, such as the internalization theory by p. j. buckley and m. c. casson

    在20世紀60 、 70年代，這一領域的研究主要沿著四個方向發展：一是根據產業組織理論，研究跨國公司進行對外直接投資所擁有的凈優勢，如海默的壟斷優勢理論；二是採取動態分析方法，將對外投資與對外貿易結合起來研究，如維農的產品周期理論；三是根據生產區位理論，研究跨國公司為什麼在某國而不是在其他國家進行直接投資；四是依據廠商理論，強調市場不完全對跨國公司的對外直接投資行為的影響，如巴克萊和卡森的內部化優勢理論。
  11. Based on the retrospect and review of existent literature, spatial monopolization and rival strategy are accepted but the angle discussing the effect that product differentiation works on cooperation will be changed from producer. by re - constructing function of consumer utility and introducing in consumer preference, the degree of product differentiation may be denoted by the degree of consumer preference. the influence that product differentiation works on critical discount factor d can be obtained by introducing in one - shot price game and repeated game, from which we can learn the influence that product differentiation works on cooperation

    圍繞bertrand悖論的所展開的爭論，為進一步展開對這一問題的分析提供了豐富的工具和背景知識，在對已有的理論文獻加以回顧引述的基礎上，保留原有的空間壟斷概念和競爭策略的同時，改變單純從生產者角度來論述產品差異度對企業合作的影響，重新構造消費者效用函數，引入消費者偏好，以消費者的偏好的大小來表示產品之間的差異度，通過單時期和無限期博弈模型來論證產品差異度（消費者偏好程度之比）對臨界折現因子的影響，進而論證其對企業間進行合作所產生影響；效用函數的引入使得價格和運輸成本不再是決定消費者購買的唯一因素，消費者對產品的選擇不完全取決于消費者的位置，這會導致企業間定價和市場份額的非對稱性變化。
  12. But to day, china ' s social market economy has been making steady progress and has been consummating itself day by day, china had been more open to the world after it enter the wto ; the natural monopolization of domestic electric power industry has gradually been broken, electric power market booms, electric power diversified - managing companies, which are hypo genetic from the very beginning, has emerged many internal problems such as the indistinct property right., the unscientific section right frame, the invalid incentive system, the low production or service level, and the lack of competitive ability, and so on. if these problems were not solved properly, it will have much negative impact on not only the continuous development of electric power, but also the reform and development of the whole nation ' s electric power industry

    但是，隨著我國社會主義市場經濟的進一步發展和完善，中國加入wto帶來國門的進一步打開；全國電力工業經營管理體制的自然壟斷性逐步被打破，電力市場化日趨明顯；電力多種經營企業這個先天發育不足群體，其內部的諸多問題如產權不明晰、股權結構不合理、治理結構不科學、激勵機制失效、產品（服務）檔次低下、缺乏市場競爭力等日漸顯現，這些問題如果不解決好，將不僅嚴重影響電力多種經營企業的持續發展，而且還將嚴重影響全國電力工業的改革和發展。
  13. While utterly fair in his treatment of the bottle stopper options, he, like me, feels a tendresse for natural cork but is delighted that it no longer enjoys an ill - deserved monopoly on keeping the air out and the wine in

    盡管他對待各種材質瓶塞的立場完全公正，但他與我一樣，也對天然軟木塞情有獨鐘，不過令他欣悅的是，在防止空氣進入和保持葡萄酒不外灑方面，天然軟木塞不再享受它不應得到的壟斷地位。
  14. 3. combining with current situation of our country, this thesis completed a analytical work to special points on risks run by china ' s financial banks in their innovation

    而完全壟斷市場最不利於金融創新活動開展的結論。 3 、結合國情對我國現階段商業銀行金融創新風險的特殊性進行了論述。
  15. The implicitness and incompleteness of consumer contracts, the constrain of information costs, and market monopolies give rise to the relatively weak contracting position of consumers

    消費者契約的隱含性和不完全性、信息成本約束、市場壟斷勢力等造成了消費者相對弱勢的契約地位。
  16. Economists classify four types of different market structures : complete competitive market, complete monopoly market, monopoly competitive market and oligarch competitive market

    經濟學上把不同的市場結構區分為四種類型：完全競爭市場，完全壟斷市場，壟斷競爭市場和寡頭競爭市場。
  17. The purpose of our study is to look for the countermeasures with which we can make our national telecom industrial organization optimized. in the research, this paper applies the scp analysis frame of the theory of industrial organization to study the market structure, the market conduct and the market performance of our national telecom industry. after that, we reach such a conclusion : the market structure of our national telecom industry has developed from the past complete monopoly to the present oligarchic monopoly

    在研究中，本文藉助產業組織理論的scp分析框架來分析我國電信業的市場結構、企業市場行為和市場績效，得出如下結論：我國電信業的市場結構已經由過去的完全壟斷演變為現在的寡頭壟斷形態，電信企業的市場行為發生了很大變化，價格行為已經由原來的壟斷定價發展為價格競爭激烈，但由於壟斷的市場結構並未發生根本改變，大量的不正當競爭還時有發生，因此，不合理的市場結構和不規范的市場行為，必然導致了不理想的市場績效。
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