實證法學家 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [shízhèngfǎxuéjiā]
實證法學家 英文
positivists
  • 實 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （內部完全填滿 沒有空隙） solid 2 （真實; 實在） true; real; honest Ⅱ名詞1 （實際; 事實...
  • 證 : Ⅰ動詞（證明） prove; verify; demonstrate Ⅱ名詞1 （證據） evidence; proof; testimony; witness 2 （...
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 學 : Ⅰ動詞1 （學習） study; learn 2 （模仿） imitate; mimic Ⅱ名詞1 （學問） learning; knowledge 2 （學...
  • 實證 : demonstratio
  1. This text begins with analysis that our country appraises the confusion of the system at present in real example, exposing ontology question of the scientific knowledge in terms of philosophy of science, regarding this as the platform, the text has analysed the concept of the scientific evidence, procedure function of the scientific evidence, studied the value of the scientific evidence, put forward standard that scientific evidence can adopt should be : the scientific knowledge of the basis has validity, relevancy with the factum probanda the method and conclusion have reliability

    本文以法官如何審查認定科學證據，限制專家話語權擴張對糾紛解決機制的侵襲為立論平臺，從實證分析我國目前鑒定體制的混亂切入，從科學哲學的角度闡述了科學知識的本體論問題，以此為平臺，分析了科學證據的概念、科學證據的程序功能，研究了科學證據的價值，提出科學證據可採的標準應當是：依據的科學知識具有有效性，與待證事實具有相關性，方法和結論具有可靠性。
  2. From alexander the grammarian, to refrain from fault - finding, and not in a reproachful way to chide those who uttered any barbarous or solecistic or strange - sounding expression ; but dexterously to introduce the very expression which ought to have been used, and in the way of answer or giving confirmation, or joining in an inquiry about the thing itself, not about the word, or by some other fit suggestion

    從文法學家亞歷山大那裡，我學到了不吹毛求疵，不用責備的語調責罵那些說出任何野蠻的、失禮的或聞所未聞話語的人；而是巧妙地導向不管是回答問題還是給予證實的恰當表達，或是一起弄清問題而不糾纏于詞句，或者提出其他合適的建議。
  3. This paper, takes rli as an object of study, takes property rights relationship and management relationship of rural land as a main clue, takes raising the management benefit into full play of rural land and ensuring rural land sustainable utilization as objective, uses the theory of western institution economics and market economics for reference, adopts the method of study of combining macro analysis with microanalysis and combining quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis, reviews systematically the developing process of rli in china since the founding of our country and the developing tendency of rli in the world, summarizes the influence law of rli to rural land management benefit, analyses the innovative mechanis m. institutive achievement and being faced with difficult position and gauntlet of the present rli in china, and defines the objective and following principles of rli innovation proceeding from the actual conditions of our country. on the basis of these, constructs the innovative models by stages of rural land property rights institution and management institution, which accords with the market economic law and the law by stages of rural economic developing levels and gives consideration to efficiency and fair

    本文以農村土地制度為研究對象，以農村土地的產權關系和經營關系為主線，以農村經濟發展水平（包括農村生產力發展水平和農村工業化、城鎮化水平）和農民的承受能力為依據，以最大限度地提高農地經營效益、確保農地資源的可持續利用為目的，借鑒西方新制度經濟學理論和市場經濟理論，採用宏觀分析與微觀分析、定量分析與定性分析、規范研究與實證研究相結合的研究方法，系統地回顧了建國后我國農地制度的演變過程及世界農地制度的演變趨勢，總結了農地制度對農地經營效益的影響規律，分析了我國現行的家庭承包經營責任制的創新機理、制度績效及其面臨的困境與挑戰，並從我國的實際出發，確定了農地制度創新的目標及應遵循的原則，在此基礎上構建符了符合市場經濟規律和農村經濟發展水平的階段性規律、兼顧效率和社會公平的階段性農地產權制度創新模式及其對應的經營制度創新模式。
  4. Logically, this paper includes three parts. the first is the introductive chapter including researching background, connotation and definition of government economic supervision, researching area and view angle, approaches adopted and key concepts and the fundamental framework. the second, chapter 1 to 4, is the theoretical analyzing part, in which discussions are made on problems like origination of supervision theory of government, property supervision system and economic problems in this field

    本文在邏輯結構上，按照從理論到實踐的順序展開分析，具體分為三大部分，導論部分：選題背景、意義，政府經濟監督內涵界定，研究范圍和視角，方法與關鍵概念以及文章基本框架；理論分析部分，包括第一、二、三、四章，分析了政府經濟監督理論的產生，政府經濟的代理問題，產權監督機制和監督的經濟學等問題；實證分析部分包括第五、六、七章，通過對西方國家國企的比較和我國政府經濟的監督問題分析，提出了政府經濟的監督制度安排。
  5. In this thesis, the methods of comparison research, the combination of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, the combination of positive philosophy and standardized research, the theories of economics and management are used to make systematic and comprehensive analysis. at the same time, using the data that reflects the present situation of the safety and safety management in construction industry, the author analyses the problems existing in the present safety management mode, and then points out the key factor in the new systems of safety management is the agency

    在文章中，作者採用了比較研究、定性分析和定量分析相結合、實證研究和規范研究相結合的方法，綜合運用國內外專家學者的研究成果，以大量的事實和數據為依據，分析了我國建築業安全生產管理的現狀和存在的問題，進而提出在中國建築行業建立安全生產體系的具體模式和該模式運行機制的關鍵因素? ?即中介機構在安全生產管理體系中所處的地位和重要因素。
  6. Chapter 3 and 4 analyze the operation efficiency of china " s capital market. just like real economy, capital market allots resource by price mechanism. in 1965, american financial expert eugene fama presented efficient market hypothesis

    但資本市場中，證券的價格同實體經濟中一般商品的價格的內涵及運行機理是不同的， 1965年美國金融學家尤金?法瑪（ eugenefama ）正式提出了有效市場假說（ efficientmarkethypothesis ）就是專門針對資本市場的價格波動而言的。
  7. " for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice

    在微觀計量經濟學領域，他們發展了廣泛應用於個體和家庭行為實證分析的理論和方法
  8. " for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples

    在微觀計量經濟學領域，他們發展了廣泛應用於個體和家庭行為實證分析的理論和方法
  9. I, through comparing the research approach to analyze with the case, from culture, legal culture, legal changes and lead legal culture into meaning in which the economic law study set out of culture, on the basis that the theory is analyzed, particular background and reality formed and developed on the basis of the economic law, study and regard power culture and right culture as the economic law culture of two major key elements among them from the standing of angle of legal culture. from the meaning of the culture of economic law at the same time, necessity and feasibility of studying in culture of economic law, economic law characteristic modernity and national characteristic of culture, economic law culture with modern to rule by law civilized angle set about, carry on economic law analysis of culture ; secondly, certain difference exists in formulation and development of chinese and western economic law culture, the development of the culture of western economic law is shown as the cultural transition to power culture of the right rotates. with germany and historical retrospect and review, carry on real example investigate and combine western law sociology ideological trend research and western economic law culture of development, economic law of u. s. a., i inner link, the essence around the culture of eastern economic law is the power culture at the same time, its form of expression is confucian culture, the course of development is shown as the transformation to right culture of power culture, and golden mean culture is the inside information of china ' s economic law culture

    筆者從文化、法律文化、法律文化的沖突與變遷以及經濟法制度的法律文化土壤的思路進行研究，在理論分析的基礎上，基於經濟法形成與發展的特定背景與現實，闡釋經濟法以社會本位為價值取向、以權利與權力均衡為主旨、以平衡協調為內核、以人為終極關懷的內涵;經濟法文化的路徑考察由經濟法文化演進與國家角色的變遷、經濟法嬗變中的平衡協調精神、經濟法文化孕育中的社會本位思潮、經濟法文化熏陶下的經濟法制度催生四個層面展開;經濟法文化的特性表現為現代性和民族性，經濟法文化與現代法治文明的關聯涵蓋兩個方面，挖掘發揚傳統法文化中的合理因素、警惕傳統法文化中不合理因素的侵蝕;由於中西經濟法文化的產生與發展存在一定的差異，西方經濟法文化的發展表現為權利文化向權力文化的過渡轉型，筆者以德國和美國經濟法發展的歷史性回顧與反思進行實證考察並結合西方的法社會學思潮研究與西方經濟法文化的內在聯系，同時圍繞東方經濟法文化進行探析，其表現形式是儒家文化，發展的過程表現為權力文化向權利文化的轉移，其中中庸文化是中國經濟法文化的底蘊。
  10. While all of this may seem like reductionist science attempting to provide rational explanations for phenomena it does not understand, there is acknowledgement by some that neural activity alone is not proof of these experiences being imagined by the brain

    這些理論似乎是利用簡化的科學，試圖為那些科學界還無法了解的現象進行合理的解釋，不過，有一些科學家也承認，單單藉由腦神經的活動，並不足以證實那些靈性體驗是由大腦想像出來的。
  11. This article first introduces environmental value, its category and assessment of environmental value ; then environmental policy, environmental compensation of usa, and cercla, opa ’ 90 will be introduced. also, rules on assessment of environmental damage contemplated in directions issued by euro parliament and eu council of ministers and their developments will be explored. demonstrative analysis, comparative analysis and etc. will be applied in the research of the above law, and meanwhile, theory of environmental economics will be adopted in assessment of environmental damage

    本文首先是通過環境的價值及其分類和評價環境價值的各種方法的介紹，讓大家對環境的價值有初步的認識;再通過對美國的環境對策、補償、責任法（ cercla ） 、油污法（ opa 』 90 ）和歐洲議會及歐盟部長理事會關于環境損害的預防和救濟的指令案中關于對自然環境資源的損害評價規則和發展過程進行分析探討，綜合運用實證分析、比較分析等方法來研究上述法律運用環境經濟學原理來確定損害賠償額的評價方法。
  12. Hans kelsen ， ， “ what is justice ” ， ed in what is justice ： justice ， law ， and politics in the mirror of science ， university of california press （ berkeley and los angeles ） ， 1957 ， p1

    凱爾森： 「自然法學說與法律實證主義（的哲學基礎） 」 ，載《法與國家的一般理論》 ，中國大百科全書出版社（北京） ， 1996年版，第449頁。
  13. This thesis shall call all rules concerning insurance regulation the law of insurance regulation, and analyses the general rule and theory combined with practice related to the area of the subject here discussed adopting scientific accomplishments from fields of law, economy, sociology, administration, philosophy, etc. and experiences of developed countries " practice. also it discusses theories on the economic law from the angle of departmental economic law in hope of benefiting china ' s related application

    本文將現代各種有關保險監管的法律法規統稱為保險監管法，吸收法學、經濟學、社會學、管理學和哲學等學科領域的研究成果，立足國內，借鑒發達國家保險監管的實踐經驗，對保險監管法的一般原理與機制進行實證和規范相結合的分析，從部門經濟法的角度對經濟法的理論研究作了闡釋，期望能有利於我國保險監管的實踐。
  14. Whereas string theory cannot be tested directly ? it deals with energies that cannot be created in the laboratory ? connes points out that noncommutative geometry makes testable predictions, such as the higgs mass ( 160 billion electron volts ), and he argues that even renormalization can be verified

    例如，弦論無法以實驗來檢驗，因為弦論所涉及的能量太高，物理學家在實驗室中造不出那麼高的能量，但是鞏訥指出非可換幾何所做的預測，譬如希格斯質量（ 1600億電子伏特） ，卻是可以檢驗的，他說甚至重整化也可以證實。
  15. It also shows the two principal methods to measure and evaluate the extent of equity, and summarizes the gains and losses, the success and failure that china has made during the decades of planning economy and socialist market economy. after that, the thesis makes an empirical study on the status of equity and efficiency and their relationship in some other countries in the world. at last, using the experience on the issue of equity and efficiency of other countries for reference, and employing the fundamental principles of marxism " political economics and the general approaches of the western economics, the thesis analyzes and demonstrates the issue of equity and efficiency during the process of modernization in china, and proposes the view that china should realize the sound interaction of equity and efficiency basing itself upon the reality and taking a broad view of the future

    本文採取理論研究與實證分析相結合的方法，在搜集和查閱了大量國內外文獻資料的基礎上，詳細介紹了國內外關于效率與公平的概念、分類和相互關系的認識、主張和觀點，介紹了對公平度進行評價的兩種主要方法，總結了中國幾十年計劃經濟和社會主義市場經濟的得失成敗，並對世界主要國家公平與效率的狀況及其結合狀態進行了深入的實證研究，在借鑒世界各國關于效率與公平問題的實踐和經驗教訓的基礎上，運用馬克思主義政治經濟學的基本原理，借鑒西方經濟學的一般方法對中國現代化進程中效率與公平的問題進行了全面、嚴密的分析與論證，提出了社會主義初級階段正確處理公平與效率問題的思路和原則及「立足現實，著眼長遠，實現公平與效率良性互動」觀點。
  16. From this purpose, on the basis of all the preceding research work, by using the method which combines normative analysis with the empirical analysis, widely occupy materials with the investigation to study, we analyze the intrinsic causes of partly popularization of sa8000 in our country and all over the world by utilizing theory of game and international trade theory, theoretically study the influential mechanism on our exports, and seek to the countermeasures

    筆者從這個目的出發，在一些專家和學者研究工作和出口企業實踐的基礎上，採用規范分析與實證分析相結合、廣泛搜集資料與實際調研相結合的方法進行研究。運用博弈論對其實施的動因進行分析，藉助生產函數和福利函數建立經濟數學模型對sa8000的經濟學影響進行分析，並在分析sa8000對我國出口貿易構成挑戰和帶來機遇的基礎上，尋求應對sa8000的對策。
  17. The whole dissertation can be divided into 9 chapters, which are mainly engaged on the comparative theories of the common balance and the partial balance, and the methodology of the demonstration and criterion economics to do the analysis and res earch on the purpose of making relatively thorough and deep assessment on the policy - making and related improvement suggestions on such areas as the implement performance of the agriculture policies, the requirement structure of agriculture, the structure of employment, the basic elements and arrangement of agriculture production, the sustainable development of agriculture and the agriculture internationalization etc. the basic innovative points of the dissertation are as follows : ( 1 ) to establish a systematic framework for the research on the policies of agriculture industry and the structure of agriculture industry ; the framework for grand agriculture industry structure ; the framework of subject relationship in the agriculture socialized service system ; the circulation framework of sustainable development for agriculture ; the model framework for corporation development for agriculture institution ; ( 2 ) to expand the external scope of the concept of agriculture ; ( 3 ) to put forward the ideas of the corporation orientation by restructuring and innovating the present agriculture operational institution ; ( 4 ) to raise the viewpoints to set up the quality standard system for agriculture produce and to initiate the same system of the internal and external trade ; ( 5 ) to offer the suggestions on guiding the development of the township and private enterprises through the industry policies ; ( 6 ) to raise the innovative viewpoint by way of the systematic analysis on agriculture and the employment structure of the countryside, the district arrangement, technological innovation and the marketing system of agriculture produce ; ( 7 ) to put forward the comprehensive thinking way to broaden the logistics services for agriculture produce ; ( 8 ) to raise the new idea of the agriculture supporting system and the policy suggestions on expanding the areas for the government to support agriculture industry, reorganization of agriculture insurance system and aid to the weak masses of the countryside

    本課題是在國家農業產業政策不斷完善和產業經濟學科科學發展的背景下，從農業產業政策的實踐出發，從大農業產業結構、組織、技術、資金、勞動力、土地等資源配置以及區域布局、國內外關聯等角度，以農業產業政策與農業發展的互動關系為切入點，提出了農業產業政策調整取向，初步形成和發展了政策理論。全文共分9章，主要運用一般均衡和局部均衡比較等理論，實證、規范經濟學研究等方法進行探討，對農業產業政策實施績效、農村需求結構、就業結構、農業生產要素和布局、農業可持續發展、農業國際化等命題以及對策建議作了比較全面深入的評析。本課題研究主要有以下創新觀點：初步搭建了農業產業政策和結構理論框架，設計了政策和結構體系圖；延伸了「農業」概念外延，提出了「大農業」的構想；提出了農業產業經營組織再造和創新的公司化發展方向，設置了農業產業化、公司化發展模式圖和產業化公司模型圖；設計了農業可持續發展良性循環圖和農業資金投入效益模型圖；提出了建立農產品質量標準體系、推行內外貿一體制的觀點；建立了農業保障體系參照圖，建議通過產業政策引導鄉鎮、私營企業和「三資」企業發展；剖析農村勞動力就業結構、區域布局、科技創新、農產品市場體系；提出了加大農產品物流配送的整體思路；提出了農業支撐體系新觀念及擴大政府支農范圍、重構農業保險體系、扶持弱勢群體的政策建議。
  18. It was first posed by yelin, a famous german jurist in 1861 when he published an article, " fault in concluding a treaty : the compensatory responsibility of invalid contract and untenable contract " in the fourth issue of " annals of yelin ' s science of law, " whose chief editor was himself. in this article he systematically and deeply analyzed t he theory of responsibility for fault in concluding a treaty. he thought that under the condition that the contract is invalid or untenable, we should resolve issues according to contract law

    締約過失責任理論起源於羅馬法的誠信訴訟和誠信契約，最早由德國著名法學家耶林於1861年在其主編的《耶林法學年報》第4期上發表的《締約上過失：契約無效與不成立之賠償責任》一文中對締約過失責任作了系統而深入的分析，認為在契約無效或不成立情況下，應依合同法來解決，從而推翻了實證法學的無契約即無責任立論，被譽為「法學上的發現」 。
  19. H. l. a. hart is one of the most well - known jurisprudent in the modern times, the founder of new analytic jurisprudence and inclusive legal positivism. as the representative of oxford school of analytic philosophy, hart is also the one who exerts great influence on ordinary language analytic philosophy

    作為新分析法學派的創始人，哈特同時也是分析哲學牛津學派的代表人物，對其新分析法學思想的理解必須將其日常語言哲學家與分析實證主義法學家的這兩個側面作為一個整體來把握。
  20. The analytic positive law school holds that law with its independence is an actual existence, and that law is a rule system made by the government, with the nature of a pure technique and a tool, and, therefore it is not allowed to appraise law in the light of morality

    分析實證法學強調法律的獨立性，認為法律是一種事實的存在，法律是由國家制定的規則體系，它是一種純粹技術性和工具性的存在，不能從道德上對法律進行評價。
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