實變元 的英文怎麼說

After analyzing purple soil sampled from neijiang, leshan ofsichuan provinec and yuanmou of yunnan province, the contrast results of microbe quantity feature between surface and subsurface purple soil were obtained as follows. the content of soil organic matter, total and available nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium of surface was higher than subsurface, not relating to the type of purple soil and soil utilization way. the quantity of microbe _ bacteria, actinomyces and mould in surface purple soil was higher than subsurface, which indicated that the organic matter and airy condition in surface soil was more suitable for microbes growing. there was the same tendency in profile change of microbe quantity in purple soil located in temperate _ humid climate of sichuan basin in contrast with dry _ hot climate of yuanmou, yunnan. the nutrient situation of purple soil in sichuan basin shown that state of surface was better than subsurface, while in yuanmou of yunnan the state was on the contrary due to the degradation of surface soil

實驗室對四川內江、樂山和雲南元謀不同類型紫色土表層和亞表層微生物數量特性的比較分析表明：土壤有機質、氮磷鉀全量及其速效量均表現為表層高於亞表層，與紫色土類型和利用方式無關；三大類土壤微生物細菌、放線菌和黴菌數量均表現出表層高於亞表層，表明紫色土表層的有機質和通氣性優于亞表層，適宜於這三大類微生物生長；溫濕氣候條件下的四川盆地和乾熱氣候條件下的雲南元謀其紫色土微生物數量的剖面變化具有相同的趨勢，唯土壤營養狀況在四川盆地紫色土中表現為表層優于亞表層，而在雲南元謀紫色土中由於表層土壤的退化作用表現為亞表層優于表層的相反情況。

Wind energy conversion system is a complicated field refers to electrical machine, power electronic, electrochemistry, material, mechanics, aerodynamics, computer, automation, aerography and etc. following the increasing demand of electric power and environmental protection all over the world, it is important to exploit the renewable and clean energy sources. this dissertation mainly aims at modeling and controlling each part of wecs and simulating the system response under different disturbances to develop a suitable controller

隨著電力需求的進一步增長，以及世界范圍內對環境保護、能源再生等問題的日益重視，二十一世紀將更加重視清潔能源和可再生能源的開發利用，我國現有的以煤電為主的電力結構也必將向發電類型多元化、能源再生化、能源「綠色」化轉變，因此，風力發電這種很有發展潛力的發電技術成為一個具有重大實際意義的課題。

Fist of all, on the basis of the research of agone boffins, this author investigates the interaction mechanism of bolts and rock, and introduces the elastic ? lastic analytical resolution which is consist of the liner structure, the equivalent reinforced wall rock and the original wall rock in the simple loading from the equivalent well - proportioned view ; this solution is very important meaning for the engineering design. on the basis of coulomb friction model, the author introduces the finite element equation of the contact problem in order to provide the academic foundation for the application of msc. marc. finally, combining the engineering practice of the non - linear analysis of shield tunnel through yellow river of the south - north water transfer and using the model of friction, the author researched the evolution law of stress and displacement field in the structure of grouted rock bolts, and analyzed the effect to the stress and deformation of surrounding rock mass due to anchor supports

首先，在前人研究成果的基礎上，對錨桿與圍巖的相互作用機理進行研究，利用全長錨固錨桿的中性點理論，從等效均化的角度來考慮錨桿對圍巖的加固作用，並推導了在簡單荷載作用下，含有襯砌、等效加固后的圍巖、原始圍巖三者的彈塑性解析解，對工程設計有著重要的參考意義；在數值模擬方面，以考慮錨固圍巖滿足規則化庫侖摩擦模型為基礎，利用虛功原理推導了接觸問題的有限元方程的計算格式，為開發運用大型商用有限元軟體msc . marc提供了理論根據，也形成了本文的理論基礎：最後，論文以南水北調東線穿黃隧洞穩定性分析項目為工程實例，利用本文所述的接觸問題的摩擦模型理論，對錨桿支護結構的應力場、位移場的變化規律進行了研究，分析了加錨支護對隧洞圍巖應力、變形的影響。

Research show that wavelet varied - grid feature vector is characterized by high - stable and high - distinguish. based on this vector the apery cognitron has solved the harmony of single - classifier and multi - classifier and the harmony of multi - feature. the data shows that the recognition rate and reliability has been effective improve

實驗數據表明，小波變網格特徵向量具有穩定性高、區分性強的特點，基於此的智能字元識別機解決了單、多分類器協調和特徵協調問題，在應用快速二值化方法加強處理實時性的同時有效地提高了車牌字元的識別率和識別可靠性。

Perfect pre - processing and post - processing function is one of the main factors to evaluate the vitality and market value of the finite element analysis system surveying today development of finite element analysis technology, most of which concentrate on establishing fine user interface, also has some limitation on application, and especially, the research on the visualization of arbitrary cut - plane is always in ascendants to realize the visual processing on cut - plane needs reprocessing the results of finite element analysis which have get, so the algorithm is two parts : seeking the physical value of cut - plane and drawing 2d contours, the former, based on the theory of stress on " arbitrary inclined plane " in physical mechanics, use the method of linear interpolation method to get the coordination and physical value of intersection between cut - plane and element arris ; the latter, based on the tables on elements, nodes, stress and strain, summarize a rapid algorithm of generating 2d contours based on the grid. this thesis synthesizes there two parts and get a visual processing program under fortran

縱觀有限元分析技術的發展，目前大多集中在建立良好的用戶界面上的研究仍存在許多應用上的局限性，其中對任意剖面上可視化的研究仍處于方興未艾的階段。要實現任意剖面上可視化處理，必須先將得到的有限元計算結果進行再處理，因此在演算法上分為兩部分：求任意剖面上物理量值的演算法及二維等值線演算法。前一部分以彈性力學中「任意斜截面的應力」為理論基礎，利用線性插值方法得到截面與單元棱邊的交點坐標及交點物理量值；在此基礎上；根據已得到的單元及節點序號表、應力應變物理量表，總結出一種基於有限元剖分網格的快速生成二維等值線的演算法。

In this paper, it is shown that some atomic formulas of symbolic states generated by the algorithms can be removed to improve the model checking time - and space - efficiency. such atomic formulas are called as irrelevant atomic formulas. a method is also presented to detect irrelevant formulas based on the test - reset information about clock variables

一個時間自動機是一個五元組n ， l 0 ， c ， e ， i ，其中n為一個有窮的位置集合， l 0n是初始狀態， c是一個取實數值的時鐘變量的有窮集合， e ng c 2 cn是轉換的集合。

In view of bearing capacity of the elastoplastic theory analysis, the author made a comparison between the achieved bearing capacity limit load pi / 4 of round base ( space problem ) and the limit load pi / 4 of bar groundwork foundation design ( plane problem ) from soil mechanics at home and abroad as well as foundation criterion, and explained why the value of formula in present design criterion from soil mechanics is inclined to be conservative. in the light of the author ' s many years experience of vibration test on the spot and the research work of relevant projects, the author worked over the dynamic pile testing of the bearing capacity of foundation and batholith, and gathered the parameter of dynamic analysis and testing. the author also talked over the difficult point of pile foundation design criteria in present batholith engineering world, i. e. the confirmation of batholith bearing capacity of pile end, from the following aspects : a ) confirmation of single axis counter - pressure strength of rock in house ; b ) f. e. m calculation of elastoplastic model ; c ) calculation of soil mechanics ; d ) deep well load test

然後，對巖土工程領域至今尚未解決，甚至不為人注意的考慮地基變形的地基承載力問題進行了實用化的探討，提出了考慮地基變形的地基承載力上程計算方法；對基於彈塑性理論分析的地基承載力國內尚未見報道的空間問題得到了圓形基礎（空間問題）的承載力界限荷載p _ （ 1 / 4 ） ，並與國內外土力學專著及地基基礎設計規范中的條形基礎（平面問題）的界限荷載p _ （ 1 / 4 ） ，進行了對比，從而定量上解釋了目前設計規范引用土力學承載力公式值偏於保守的這一情況；根據本文作者多年從事現場地基工程振動試驗及相關課題的研究工作，本文以截頭錐模型模擬地基，對地基（巖基）承載力的動測法進行了研究，為各類地基（包括巖基） ，匯總了動力分析和檢測川的參數：針對日前巖土工程界應用樁基設計規范中的難點? ?樁端巖基承載力的確定問題，從巖石室內單軸抗壓強度確定、基於彈塑性模型的有限單元法計算、土力學計算及深斤載荷試驗四方面進行了深入討論；本文作者根據多年現場載荷試驗的工程實踐，對深井荷試驗裝置的核心部分? ?反力裝置，設計了側壁支撐反力加載系統，該加載系統具有實用、簡便、穩定及安個等優點。

Thirdly, resorting to cooperation - competition model of biomathematics, this thesis proposes a new co - evolution model. simulation results are shown to verify its effect and practicabilitv. last, standard methods for optimizing neural netvvorks are easily trapped into local optimization, and unable to adjust the structure of neural networks, thus their application is limited to certain extent

本文主要驗證和設計適應性操作運算元和小生境方法保持群體多樣性的能力，實驗表明兩種方法都能較好地達到目的；利用生物合作競爭模型設計協同演化來動態地改變群體規模，實驗表明該模型是有效的；人工神經網路是得到越來越廣泛應用的學習系統，但是由於學習演算法存在一定的缺陷，如易於陷入局部極值，難以調整網路的結構等，使神經網路的應用受到一定的限制。

The scielltific computational theories and methods on bird strike to the windshield of aircraft have been systematically studied and summed up in this thesis, such as fem comptltational principles and procedures to elastic dynamic problems under the conditions of small and non - linear finite deformation, 3d viscous elastic constitutive theory and incremelltal expression under the consideration of the rate effect of non - metallic materials like the aircraft windshield, and the numerical compatational principles and key constitutions for impact - contact dynamic subjects

2 、系統學習並歸納總結了鳥體撞擊風擋結構問題中的科學計算理論與計算方法。按照鳥撞問題數值計算方法逐步深入的思路，系統總結了小變形結構動力學有限元數值計算方法、有限變形的幾何非線性有限元數值計算方法、粘彈性體非線性形變的本構物理關系；對于實施復雜結構有限元動力學計算的載荷增量方法提出了對newmark差分的改進以及進行材料與幾何非線性數值計算的細致步驟。

The gravity analysis is carried out especially for the synthetic fused silica and calcium fluoride used in 193nm lithographic objective as well as the optical elements with structural sizes of ( 200mm ~ ( 300mm. large numbers of analysis data for surface shape error are obtained by using algor finite element analysis software. then these data are plotted into curves and comparison analysis will be carried out, finally the measures and schemes for reducing gravity deformation are proposed

因此，本論文重點對大口徑光學系統在高精度光學鏡頭裝校中，因重力變形進行了詳細的分析研究，特別針對193nm光刻物鏡系統所使用的材料sytheticfusedsilica和caleiumfluoride以及用到的結構尺寸200mm ~ 300mm光學零件進行了重力變形分析，使用algor有限元分析軟體獲得了大量的面形誤差分析數據，然後將這些數據繪成曲線進行對比分析，最後提出了減小重力變形的措施與方案，並進行了實驗，驗證了分析結果是正確的，減小重力變形的方法是有效的。

The design of temperature sensor realizes bare fiber temperature characters and strain insensitivity of capsulated components in the range of 30 ~ 85, which guarantees their high stability and repeatability

溫度傳感器的設計結構在30 ? 85的溫度變化范圍內有效的實現了封裝元件的裸刪溫度特性及應變不敏感性，保證了其高穩定性和重復性。

The research of this paper includes three parts : the first, according to the statistical figures about the cargo transport in recent years, it analyzes cargo transport structure and the changing law and the internal reason of cargo transport. at the same time it analyzes and calculates the change of the arriving ships " structure for a systematic and full understand of the transport demands. the second, it make a scientific forecast of the port ' s future cargo capacity making use of the grey forecast system, which provides scientific basis for medium - long term development plan of the port ' s cargo handling capacity

本文研究的工作主要分三個部分：第一，根據張家港近年來有關貨物運輸的一些統計數據，對貨物運輸的結構和規模演變的規律及內在原因作一剖析，同時對到港船舶的結構變化進行預測，以求對運輸需求有一個系統全面的了解；第二，應用灰色預測系統對張家港港未來港口貨運吞吐量進行科學預測，為張家港港貨物裝卸能力規劃提供科學依據；應用物元分析技術對張家港港口的未來發展前景作出一定程度的分析、研究，找出張家港港口未來發展規劃的零散無序、不成系統的因素，總結前人經驗的基礎上採用綜合評判物元模型進行評判，在預測港口未來發展規劃是否科學實際上具有獨到見解。

Charted with them, and guangzhou time units was preliminarily analyzed as well. secondly, the author introduced the way and the signification of temporal position analyse with examples. thirdly, taking on - the - spot survey method as a practical tool, the author obtained data of temporal distance between each time unit at the verge of different urban districts and the central time unit of the city

論文以廣州市為實證研究的對象，對廣州的市區范圍進行了時間單元的劃分並繪制出了時間單元圖，同時對廣州的時間單元滿意率進行了簡單的分析；接著以實例介紹了時間區位分析的方法和意義；然後利用實際測量法，在不同時間段測得廣州市時間中心到城建連片區各邊界點的時間距離，繪制出時間廓線，得出廣州市城建連片區的時間形態現狀及時間形態的日變化規律。

The comparison between experimental results and theoretical results show that to calculate the value of crushing hole in roller chain plate has practical significance

結果表明，用彈塑性有限變形理論和有限元方法計算出的鏈板最佳擠孔量具有工程實際上的可用性。

This paper refers to several creation in compatibility with large volume of fed display and conversion of different video signal. it firstly used special central chip al300, designed correlative circuits, successfully developed vga full - color fed console system, compatible with resolution 1280 1024, achieved functions such as multi - video signal conversion and interleaving, met vga ’ s resolution of fed. it firstly designed and fabricated vga interface and separated video interface - - s - video, converting several video signals to 24 bits full - colored digital image signal in fed driving system, achieved separation of luminance signal and chromatism signal, enhanced the bandwidth of luminance signal

首次採用平板顯示專用控制晶元al300 ，設計並製作了相關配套電路，支持的最高解析度是1280 1024 ，實現解隔行和多種視頻格式轉換的功能，滿足了fed顯示屏對vga解析度的要求。首次在基於fpga的vga級彩色fed控制系統中設計並製作了vga介面和分離電視信號s - video介面，可以將多種視頻信號變換為fed驅動系統可用的24位彩色數字圖像信號，實現亮度信號和色差信號的分離，提高了亮度信號的帶寬。

Times sure have changed. years ago folks used to say “ a penny for your thoughts. ” today psychiatrist charge $ 200 an hour to learn what ' s on your mind

時代確實變了，多年以前人們常說「一分錢買你的思想」 ，今天精神病醫師一個小時收200美元了解你腦子里的東西。

In the third part, the thesis makes a full - scale discussion on the teaching mode, including the common procedure of physical concepts teaching and the relative methodology, involving some specific questions : the representation of physical concepts, the application of meta - cognition strategy, the change of misconceptions and the development of meta - knowledge. at last, the thesis points out that constructivism has grea t significance to innovate the physics teaching

文章的第三部分從實踐層面對基於建構主義的物理概念教學模式進行全面討論，主要包括物理概念教學的一般程序以及相應的方法策略體系，其中涉及到物理概念的結構化表徵、元認知策略的運用、相異概念的轉變、元知識的發展等具體問題。

Abstract : ipm is adopted as inverter unit in this novel refrigeratory system for diesel and electric locomotives. the paper presents the system design and operation principle, the implementation method of the hardware and the flow diagram of control software

文摘:闡述了以智能功率模塊（ ipm ）為逆變元件的新型內燃、電力機車冰箱系統的設計、工作原理、硬體實現方法以及控制軟體流程。

Furthermore, it has been verified, both theoretically and experimentally, that the charge capacities of the two ec layers have to be matched in order to achieve the maximum optical attenuation

此外，經由理論的分析以及實驗的結果證實，為了要達到互補式電致色變元件最大的光學調幅，兩電致色變層之電荷密度必須要互相搭配。

By using temporally invariance, constructing two sub - arrays with same array shape, direction of arrival estimation can be obtained using esprit technique

利用時延數據，以時間變元為旋轉因子，構造了兩個具有相同陣形的子陣，採用esprit實現了對目標信號的波達方向估計。