工作閾 的英文怎麼說

In allusion to the working characteristics and technical difficulties of 155mb / s burst mode receiver, we have put forward to the quick synchronization of inpouring phase locked loops ( pll ). for receiving burst signal, we introduce the scheme of dc coupling and dynamic threshold decision

針對155mb s突發式收發模塊的工作特點和技術難點，我們提出了注入鎖相環法的快速同步技術；對于突發式信號的接收，我們採用了直流耦合和動態閾值判決的技術方案。

Vertical - cavity surface - emitting lasers ( vcsel ' s ) have distinct advantages over conventional edge emitting lasers, such as small divergence angle, single longitudinal mode operation and very low threshold current. they are especially suitable for making two - dimensional ( 2 - d ) arrays as well as vcsel ' s based integrate devices

垂直腔面發射半導體激光器（ vcsel ）與傳統的邊發射半導體激光器相比，它具有發散角小、單縱模工作、非常低的閾值電流等優點，尤其它適於二維面陣集成和與其它光電子器件集成。

According to the guidline, two nd : yag lasers have been designed and set up, one is end - pumped by lower output power ld using a selfoc micro lens, and the other is end - pumped by high output power ld using a pair of lenses are designed, and the characteristics such as output power and power stabilization of both solid - state lasers are investigated. thirdly, when an empty liquid crystal cell is inserted in the cavity of the nd : yag laser pumped by high power ld, the laser can operates in single axial mode. finally, according to the relationship between the laser output power and the longnitudinal a ld - end - pumped nd : yag laser sensor for displacement measurement has been investigated theoretically and demonstrated experimently, the results indicate that when the mean radius of pumping inside the laser cavity is far less than that of the oscilating laser mode, the exponential of the output power is a gauss function of the longitudinal positon of focused spot of ld pumping beam, both the measurement range and the sensitivity are dependent on the incident pumping power, as the incident pumping power is increased, the measurement range is enlarged and the sensitivity is improve d

本文首先介紹了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的發展狀況、主要特性及其應用，從四能級速率方程出發，推導了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的閾值、輸出功率和斜效率的表達式，並簡述了激光器的工作原理、結構型式和倍頻方法；其次，以空間相關的速率方程為基礎，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光器的設計方法，給出了一定泵浦耦合方式下，振蕩光模尺寸、最佳輸出耦合率、泵浦光模尺寸、泵浦光焦斑位置等參數的選取依據，以此為依據，設計了自聚焦透鏡耦合小功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器和透鏡組耦合高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器，對激光器的輸出功率和功率穩定性等特性進行了實驗研究；再次，在帶尾纖輸出的高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光腔內插入一隻空液晶盒，觀察到了激光器以單縱模運轉；最後，根據泵浦光焦斑端面位置對激光輸出功率的影響規律，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光位移傳感新方法，並進行了理論和實驗研究，研究結果表明：當激光晶體內泵浦光平均光斑半徑遠小於振西安理工大學碩士學位論文蕩光束腰半徑時，激光輸出功率的自然指數與泵浦光焦斑的縱向位置成高斯變化規律，測量范圍和靈敏度依賴于泵浦功率，隨著泵浦功率的增加，測量范圍擴大，靈敏度提高，當端面泵浦功率為7 . 24w （最大輸出功率為1 . 926w ）時，激光位移傳感器的測量范圍和靈敏度分別是13 . 045mm和0 . 148mw / pm 。

Because of their fine extinction ratio and high anti - light - damage threshold value, laser - polarizing prisms are popular among workers in science and technology field

激光偏光棱鏡，以其優良的消光比性能和高抗光損傷閾值性能，倍受科技工作者歡迎。

On the ideological and political work of common visual threshold

論公共視閾下的思想政治工作

In this paper, micro - cavity semiconductor laser ( mcsl ) with pillar vertical - cavity surface - emitting structure ( vcsel ) which has potential applications in optical communication and optical interconnect is theoretically analyzed, the calculation model that used to discuss the modal performance of rectangular columnar and cylinder vcsel with oxidized aperture is established by using vector field model. the numerical simulations in the case of cylinder structure show oscillating wavelength and threshold gain against inside and outside radius of laser, the layer refractive index and pair number of bragg mirror, thickness, position and oxidized material ' s refractive index of oxidized aperture, in detail. more practically, considering dos shell of laser as non - perfect one, or supposing that dos shell is separated from the laser, we can obtain more significative results

本工作以矢量場模型出發，對具有誘人應用前景的柱形垂直腔面發射結構（ vcsel ）的微腔半導體激光器（ mcsl ）進行了理論分析，建立了用於分析方柱形和圓柱形結構具有氧化孔徑層的激光器的模式特性的理論模型；對圓柱形結構情況進行了數值模擬，得到了振蕩波長、閾值增益隨激光器內外半徑、 bragg反射鏡層折射率、周期數以及氧化孔徑層厚度、位置和氧化物折射率的詳細變化規律；為使理論計算更接近實際，將外加金屬包殼視為非理想導體，或將金屬包殼與激光器結構隔開，分別對這兩種情況下的結果進行了討論。

The lowest threshold current 1. 8ma is achieved with continuous - wave at room temperature, the maximum output power is 7. 96mw. for the resesrch work on the fabrication procedures, we discusses selective oxidation and selective wet etching

利用濕法氧化和選擇性腐蝕相結合工藝研製出室溫連續工作的vcsel ，最低閾值電流為1 . 8ma ，輸出功率為7 . 96mw 。

Optical gains as large as one million are used to achieve the high sensitivities required in current electro - optical sensors. these large optical gains make the detector the most susceptible sensor element to laser damage. people concerns that the influence to the quality of ccd camera image under laser irradiation, the laser - induced threshold of ccd detector and the evaluation of laser - induced effects

光電探測器具有極強的目標探測能力，而激光具有極高的亮度；因而各類光電裝備的光電探測器成為國外發達國家正在大力發展激光武器系統的首要攻擊目標，激光對探測器的干擾與損傷程度如何、受干擾后能否繼續正常工作、何時達到損傷閾值以及如何對干擾效果做出客觀評價是人們非常關心的問題。

The main work can be summed up as follows : firstly, we studied the thermal - field properties of vcsels, and analyzed the influences of current spreading, material parameters and operating conditions on the temperature distributions. secondly, we began with the electrode voltage and calculated the equipotential s distributions, compared the distributions of voltages and current densities in different depths of vcsels, and then studied the influences of the oxide - confining region with different position or thickness, and the different sizes of the gain - guided aperture and emitting window on the distributions of the injected current density, carrier concentration and temperature in the active region. thirdly, we realized the coupling of electricity, optical and thermal - fields, worked out the threshold voltage, calculated the distributions of the injected current density, carrier concentration and temperature under different offset voltages, and analyzed the impacts of temperature profile and carrier density on the refractive index, fermi levels and optical - field

具體工作可以概括如下：首先，研究了vcsel的熱場特性，分析了電流擴展，材料參數和工作條件對于溫度分佈的影響；其次，從電極電壓入手，計算出激光器中的等勢線分佈，並對不同深度處的電壓和電流分佈進行比較，研究了高阻區的不同位置和不同厚度、限制層和出射窗口半徑的大小對電流密度、載流子濃度和溫度分佈的影響；再次，實現了電、光、熱耦合，求出了閾值電壓，計算了不同偏置電壓下的電流密度分佈、載流子濃度分佈和熱場分佈，分析了溫度和載流子濃度變化對折射率、費米能級和光場的影響；最後，給出了考慮n - dbr和雙氧化限制層時激光器中的等勢線分佈，分析了n - dbr和雙氧化限制層對vcsel電流密度、載流子濃度、溫度和光場分佈的影響。

At the meantime, during the procedure of pre - processing, according to the character that the illumination conditions on the scene of the expressway toll collection frequently change a lot, the algorithm of first difference combining the method of fixing the threshold of binarization via accumulating the points was used to complete the job of extracting the outline of the image

在圖像預處理過程中，根據高速公路收費站點光照條件不斷變化的特點，採用一階差分演算法並結合累積像素點確定二值化閾值的方法，完成圖像邊緣輪廓的提取工作。

To solve these problems, closely and comprehensive study of pc at sbs in focused beams was performed at phase conjugation to develop a new generation of lasers of higher brightness. main results are as follows : ( 1 ) the factors including parameter of focused beams and parameter of medium in effecting sbs threshold were analyzed in detail

基於此，本論文完成了如下的工作： （ 1 ） 、分析了影響sbs閾值的因素，詳細討論sbs閾值隨聚焦系統參數、泵浦光束參數、介質的參數的變化關系。

In the switched - on condition, and below the respective switching threshold set, the output relays are in the working condition and the relay contacts are closed

當開關打開但未達到各個開關設定的閾值時，輸出繼電器處于工作狀態，繼電觸點閉合。

After introduction of the tranlinear loop principal, the bjt current controlled conveyor has been designed by using mixed tranlinear loop voltage follower. as for modern integrated circuit, the model of mos transistor, the active resistance and the current mirror integrated circuit formed by mos transistor are introduced. the cmos current controlled conveyor has been derived from mixed tranlinear loop cmos voltage follower based on weak inversion operation

針對現代集成電路的工藝，本文對mos晶體管的工作原理進行了簡要的敘述，討論了有源電阻和電流鏡的實現方法，並利用mos晶體管的亞閾值特性組成混合跨導線性迴路完成對應的電壓跟隨器的設計，推導出了基於cmos技術的電流控制傳送器。

The principle advantages of vcsels over conventional edge - emitting lasers lie in ultralow threshold current, small far - field divergent angle, high modulation frequency, potential for wafer level testing and the ease for single longitudinal mode operation and two - dimension integration. as a result they show considerable promise for applications such as optical fiber communication, parallel optical interconnects, optical information processing and neural networks, etc. a direct coupling theoretical model in quasi - three - dimension for the gain - wave guide vertical - cavity surface - emitting lasers has been created in this paper

它與傳統的邊發射激光器相比具有更優越的特性，例如，具有極低的閾值、較小的遠場發散角、調制頻率高、易實現單縱模工作和二維集成，無須解理封裝即可進行在片測試等，所以，它被廣泛應用於光纖通訊、并行光互聯、光信息處理、光神經網路等領域。

The integral structure of system are analyzed, and a scheme based on dsps processing board + mcu control board are put forward firstly, following design difficulties and relevant measures. every modules of dsps board are described in details, including chips selection, implementation manners choice, interface and time sequence match and etc. compared otsu single threshold segmentation with multi - threshold segmentations, the latter are preferred to perform the object identification in hardware designed by author. combined to like background rejection, morphology expansion and etc. steps, the paper gets the length of queue ; finally, a - b united control and area united control based on can bus are designed

首先分析了系統的總體結構，提出了一種基於dsps處理板+單片機控制板的信號機實現方案；在此基礎上，重點介紹了處理板模塊化的硬體電路設計，其中考慮了晶元的選型、實現方式的選擇、工作機制、時序匹配等問題；之後，分析了otsu單閾值目標識別和多閾值目標識別的效果，重點選擇後者在硬體電路板內對圖像進行了目標識別的演算法處理，結合背景的剔除、形態學膨脹等幾個減小誤差的措施，對車輛排隊長度進行了較為精確的提取；最後在控制板上完成了干線a - b信號聯動控制和基於can總線的區域聯網控制的通訊方案設計。

3. how to decide the threshold value of hazard zonation is the keys, which can be, divide the precision of landslide hazard zonation research

（ 3 ）危險度等級的閾值確定是確定滑坡危險度區劃工作精度的關鍵。

This paper mainly accomplished the following research : summarize the classify and application fields of four - probe testing technology ; take the square four - probe testing technology study by using the advantage of rymaszewski method in auto - eliminating the portrait wandering influence to induct ry method to square - probe testing method ; deeply study the influence of probe wandering to progressed ry method testing result ; complete the design of testing panel and testing circuit, realize the auto - testing of mono crystal wafer ; discuss the image enhancement and threshold selection problem in image identify, and finally accomplish the identify of probe pinpoint. the main new view points of the research : 1. it is the first time for applying image manipulation and analysis technique to the sheet resistance measurement, and achieving the auto - location function of the probe

為此，本文開展了以下研究工作：綜述了四探針技術的分類以及應用范圍；對方形四探針測試技術進行了研究，利用rymaszewski法自動消除探針縱向游移影響的優點，將它應用於方形探針測試法中，並對探針游移對改進rymaszewski法測試結果的影響進行了深入探討，提出了用圖像識別技術監測測試進行的方法；完成了測試系統的測試平臺以及測試電路的設計，研製出具有圖像識別功能的斜置式方形探針分析儀一臺，實現了矽片電阻率測試的自動化；對圖像識別過程中涉及到的圖像增強和閾值選擇問題進行了論述，最終實現了對探針針尖的圖像識別以及探針測試結構的自動調整，保證了方形探針測試儀的測試精度。

On the basis of this, the effective reflective index with the variation of the carrier density is discussed. this paper also analyzed the random facet phase and the length of the cavity ' s influence on threshold characteristic. especially, the wavelength tuning characteristics have been investigated in detail when one segment works as absorbed region

在此基礎上，研究了每一段等效反射率譜曲線隨載流子濃度變化的情況；分析了邊界相位的不確定性以及激光器腔長對閾值特性的影響；重點討論了其中一段工作在吸收狀態下的波長調諧性質。

All the power devices including main switches and auxiliary switches are in soft - switching condition ( zvs or zcs ), while the freewheeling diodes are turned off in zero current condition. besides, the control of resonance between inductance and capacitor can be easily realized without needing of setting the threshold values of the inductance current

該電路中主開關和輔助開關均滿足zvs或zcs條件，續流二極體也工作在軟關斷方式，並且電感和電容之間的諧振控制不需要設定電感電流閾值，控制邏輯簡單，可實現四象限運行。

In detail, the major work that have been done are as follows : l. irradiated by the 1. 06 m 1. 319 m 3. 8 m laser respectively, when the incident laser power density is between the saturation threshold and the damage threshold, the vibrating phenomenon and the zero - output phenomenon can be seen in the pv - type detectors " response curve

論文的主要工作有： 1分別用波長為1 . 06 m 、 1 . 319 m 、 3 . 8 m的激光輻照光伏型（ pv ） hgcdte探測器，實驗發現，當輻照激光的功率密度大於其飽和閾值而小於其破壞閾值時，探測器的輸出存在「振蕩現象」和「零壓輸出現象」 。