弱體保險 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [ruòtǐbǎoxiǎn]
弱體保險
英文
insurance for impaired lives-
The gap to the international superior shipping companies is tremendously deep which lies in the following aspects : the small capital scale, the weak capability of withstanding risk because of the narrow business scope, and the unreasonable structure and high cost in raising capital deriving from the imperfect capital market, etc. after the entry to wto, the situation of our domestic port industry is very difficult
由於行業的特殊性，加上長期生存在計劃經濟的保護傘下，我國港口業受入世的沖擊很大，與國際著名港口企業相比差距很大，競爭力較弱。具體表現為：資產規模小；業務范圍過于狹窄、抗風險能力較弱；由於資本市場的不完善，導致現階段融資渠道不暢、融資成本高，等等。Based on plenty of domestic and overseas documentation and accurate data about social security, this thesis utilizes a number of research methods, such as analysis, induction, assumption, comparison and historical materialism, etc. in expounding the significance and methods of building up the legal system of china ’ s rural social security in an all - round way from the following four aspects of expatiating on the fundamental issues of social security and the evolution track of china ’ s rural social security, exploring the social and historical rootstock resulting in the long - term predicament encountered by china ’ s rural social security, analyzing the so - called social security function of rural land, demonstrating the significance and routes of building the legal system of china ’ s minimum living security and social endowment insurance for rural residents, so as to reveal that the social and historical rootstock resulting in the long - term predicament encountered by china ’ s rural social security lies in the long - term social structure system of compartmentation between urban and rural areas, which is typically characterized by attaching more importance to industry than to agriculture, drawing profits from agriculture to accelerate industry ’ s development, by studying historically the predicament encountered by china ’ s rural social security, to disclose the serious reality that currently most of farmers lack social security and indicate the great significance of building up the legal system of china ’ s rural social security by refuting the argument that rural land can provide social security function, to clarify the necessity and feasibility of constructing the legal
本文運用了分析、歸納、假設、比較和歷史唯物主義等研究方法，藉助國內外有關社會保障方面的大量研究資料和翔實數據，從闡述社會保障的基本問題與我國農村社會保障制度的歷史演變軌跡、探詢長期造成我國農村社會保障制度困境的社會歷史根源、分析農村土地的社會保障功能以及論證構建農村居民最低生活保障法律制度與農村社會養老保險法律制度的意義和路徑四個方面全面論述了構建中國農村社會保障法律體系的意義和方法，目的是通過對我國農村社會保障困境的歷史性考察揭示造成我國農村社會保障長期積弱局面的社會歷史根源就在於我國長期實行的重工輕農、以農養工的城鄉分割二元社會結構體制，通過對農地社會保障功能觀點的批駁揭示當前廣大農民缺乏社會保障的嚴峻現實，指出構建農村社會保障法律制度的重大意義，通過對構建中國農村居民最低生活保障法律制度和農村社會養老保險法律制度的積極探索論證構建我國農村社會保障法律體系的必要性和可行性。總之，同是作為中華人民共和國公民，無論是農村居民還是城市居民都應該在社會保障方面享有同等的權利。國家不能人為地重工輕農、厚此薄彼。In the second section, i have explored the government ' s coun - termeasures : bank reformment and bank system restructuring, changing investment policy and improving investment environment, changing agricultural, industrial and trade policies, taking care of feeble crowd and establishing social ensuring system, etc. in the third section, i have discussed the phenomena of indonesia ' s economic recovery and analysed the causes why the economy recovered slowly : debt problem, political unrest, " 9 11 " affair ' s influence, etc. in the fourth section, i have forecasted indonesia ' s economic future and pointed out that ecomonic recovery was quickening, economic future would be full of danger
第二部分探討了政府應對危機的政策舉措：進行銀行改革和銀行體系重組；調整投資政策，改善投資環境；調整農業、工業、貿易等政策；保護弱勢群體，建立社會安全網體系等。第三部分論述印尼經濟逐步走出危機、走向復甦的微弱表現，分析了復甦緩慢的原因：債務問題、政局不穩、 「 9 ? 11 」事件的沖擊等。第四部分展望印尼經濟前景，指出印尼經濟復甦勢頭上升，但發展前景充滿風險。( 3 ) the idea suggested in this paper of converting flood into utilizable resource 、 attempering flood by engineering means and supervising human behaviors in the flooded area. to overcome the various barriers arising from ideology 、 systems 、 technology and economy which the establishment of risk management system of flood will be confronted with, this paper also suggests a statistical approach to estimate extremum and the concept of gray - uncertainty risk in figuring flood risk and analyses the severe harmfulness of accidents of extremum risk, furthermore, supplements and perfects present quantity - analyzing method of risk loss
3 、本文提出洪水資源化的觀念，以工程手段對洪水進行調節，以法律、行政、經濟、教育等綜合性的手段對人類在洪泛區中的行為進行管理，是削弱洪水的危害性、減輕洪水風險的有效方式，提高的防洪安全保障需求，實行洪水風險管理是必由之路。洪水風險管理體制的建立必然面臨觀念方面、體制方面、技術方面與經濟方面的重重障礙，並提出洪災風險評價的極值統計學方法和灰色-隨機風險率的概念，建立了其表達形式與計算方法，它完善了現有的風險損失量化方法。For this reason, the development of the protection of consumers " rights and interests movement, nowadays becomes the common legal phenomenon of every country in the world
獲得消費資料必須參與商品交換，可是作為弱勢群體的消費者來說，卻需要面對巨大的風險，為此，消費者權益保護運動的興起，便成為當今世界各國的共同法律現象。For example, the regulation of personal income tax and the consumption tax is so weak ; personal estate tax system is not perfect ; security tax has n ' t been levied and the taxation policy is not reasonable etc. it is thus obvious that we must solve the problems of existing tax system to improve the regulation on income distribution
例如個人所得稅的調控功能微弱、社會保險稅遲遲未開征、個人財產稅體系不健全、消費稅作用甚微、現行稅收政策不合理等等。可見。改進現行稅收制度中的不適應部分，優化稅收對個人收入分配的調控在今天的中國有著重要而現實的意義，應當成為下一步稅收工作的重點。The thesis indicate that disadvantages juristic protection is systemic social project in need of all of the country to change notions to humanism, enhance cognition advancement together, faithfulness carry out law, take on the risk by state together with market in the hope of whole development to realize the well - to - do society
文章認為，對弱勢群體的保護是一項系統的社會工程，它需要全社會行動起來，轉變觀念以人為本、提高認識共同進步、認真踐行法治、政府市場風險共擔、整體發展共建小康。According to this firstly to raise the level of recognitions, take the active methods, regard the matter of realistically face to incompetent community as a great event of effecting civil affairs and social stability ; soon set a comprehensive system of social relief in the city ; rapidly and entirely propel the social guarantee system construction ; and further improve the mechanism of social guarantee responsibility to be jointly taken
據此，首先要提高認識，採取積極的措施，切實把解決弱勢群體的問題當作一件影響國計民生和社會穩定的大事來抓；盡快建立綜合性的城市社會救助系統；迅速、全面推進社會保險制度建設；進一步完善社會保障責任共擔機制。It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason
論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。The government, as the leading role in the structure, is suggested to adopt the combining model of the compensation policy and development policy, depending on the proper implement of the social salvation and social insurance policy as well as the reemployment and quality improvement policy. furthermore, the non - governmental organization, community construction, the charity development and the voluntary service will play a more and more significant role in the safeguard of the vulnerable group with their respective methods for offering the help
責任主體的政府應選擇社會保障、社會保險等補償性政策和引導就業、提高素質等發展性政策相結合的社會政策模式;非營利組織、社區建設、慈善事業和志願服務等社會體系在弱勢群體利益保護中有諸多的路徑選擇，將發揮越來越大的作用;弱勢群體的個人自助也是他們消除社會隔離，克服心理障礙，擺脫弱勢困境的必要條件。The whole dissertation can be divided into 9 chapters, which are mainly engaged on the comparative theories of the common balance and the partial balance, and the methodology of the demonstration and criterion economics to do the analysis and res earch on the purpose of making relatively thorough and deep assessment on the policy - making and related improvement suggestions on such areas as the implement performance of the agriculture policies, the requirement structure of agriculture, the structure of employment, the basic elements and arrangement of agriculture production, the sustainable development of agriculture and the agriculture internationalization etc. the basic innovative points of the dissertation are as follows : ( 1 ) to establish a systematic framework for the research on the policies of agriculture industry and the structure of agriculture industry ; the framework for grand agriculture industry structure ; the framework of subject relationship in the agriculture socialized service system ; the circulation framework of sustainable development for agriculture ; the model framework for corporation development for agriculture institution ; ( 2 ) to expand the external scope of the concept of agriculture ; ( 3 ) to put forward the ideas of the corporation orientation by restructuring and innovating the present agriculture operational institution ; ( 4 ) to raise the viewpoints to set up the quality standard system for agriculture produce and to initiate the same system of the internal and external trade ; ( 5 ) to offer the suggestions on guiding the development of the township and private enterprises through the industry policies ; ( 6 ) to raise the innovative viewpoint by way of the systematic analysis on agriculture and the employment structure of the countryside, the district arrangement, technological innovation and the marketing system of agriculture produce ; ( 7 ) to put forward the comprehensive thinking way to broaden the logistics services for agriculture produce ; ( 8 ) to raise the new idea of the agriculture supporting system and the policy suggestions on expanding the areas for the government to support agriculture industry, reorganization of agriculture insurance system and aid to the weak masses of the countryside
本課題是在國家農業產業政策不斷完善和產業經濟學科科學發展的背景下，從農業產業政策的實踐出發，從大農業產業結構、組織、技術、資金、勞動力、土地等資源配置以及區域布局、國內外關聯等角度，以農業產業政策與農業發展的互動關系為切入點，提出了農業產業政策調整取向，初步形成和發展了政策理論。全文共分9章，主要運用一般均衡和局部均衡比較等理論，實證、規范經濟學研究等方法進行探討，對農業產業政策實施績效、農村需求結構、就業結構、農業生產要素和布局、農業可持續發展、農業國際化等命題以及對策建議作了比較全面深入的評析。本課題研究主要有以下創新觀點：初步搭建了農業產業政策和結構理論框架，設計了政策和結構體系圖；延伸了「農業」概念外延，提出了「大農業」的構想；提出了農業產業經營組織再造和創新的公司化發展方向，設置了農業產業化、公司化發展模式圖和產業化公司模型圖；設計了農業可持續發展良性循環圖和農業資金投入效益模型圖；提出了建立農產品質量標準體系、推行內外貿一體制的觀點；建立了農業保障體系參照圖，建議通過產業政策引導鄉鎮、私營企業和「三資」企業發展；剖析農村勞動力就業結構、區域布局、科技創新、農產品市場體系；提出了加大農產品物流配送的整體思路；提出了農業支撐體系新觀念及擴大政府支農范圍、重構農業保險體系、扶持弱勢群體的政策建議。This thesis mainly studies the drawbacks of the internet cafe in macau and the reason of which, lists out the adverse effects brought about to the youths by the unregulated internet cafes, including damage on health, environmental safety, crime commission, and also leads to psychological health damage. this is because in the virtual internet world, youths live in virtual environment which easily leads to youths closing up themselves at human relationship, thus resulting in isolation on family and social relationship and generating lonely character ; in addition, youths have weak sense of self control and self protection, they lack the ability to prevent danger. once they indulge themselves in the internet cafe overnight for long, this will cause great damage to their academic performance, health and thinking, the internet cafe becomes youths " " nursery bed of crime ", and " electronic cocaine " that harms them
本論文主要探討澳門現行網吧之弊端以及其產生之原因，羅列無規管的網吧給青少年帶來身體健康的傷害、環境安全的侵害、違法犯罪的危害外，還會導致心理健康的損害；因為，在虛擬的網路世界中，青少年活在虛構的環境下，容易造成人際關系的封閉，引致親子關系及人際關系的疏離，使青少年養成孤僻性格，加上自我控制能力和自我保護能力意識薄弱、危險防預能力缺乏，一旦通宵達旦沉湎於網吧，對其學業、健康和思想造成很大的危害，更成為青少年「罪惡的溫床」 ，荼毒青少年的「電子海洛因」 。The text is analyzing and discussing several important and controversial legal issues on the motor vehicle third party liability compulsive insurance, putting forward some standpoints and speculations. in addition to the preface and postscript, the full text is totally divided into five parts. chapter one firstly introduces several controversies in the judicatory fulfillment on the motor vehicle third party liability compulsive insurance which caused by the judgment of the national first case, which under the background of the implement of “ road traffic safety method ”, but at that time “ the motor vehicle compulsive insurance regulation ” did n ' t yet pedestal
《道路交通安全法》雖然規定了機動車的無過失責任原則，以圖更好保護弱者受害人利益，但實際上由於機動車強制保險未真正落實，保險公司仍使用商業保險條款，否認機動車責任險具有「強制性」 ，導致在面對交通事故進行賠付時出現功能錯位，從而增加了機動車一方的賠償責任，也使受害方得不到應有的救濟，沒有體現無過錯責任原則的社會承擔性。Especially, on the basis of the current situation that our country " s rural medical security system is much weaker at present, the author proposes solving the rural medical insurance problems from the following respects : to rectify and improve rural medical organization efficiently to utilize resources, stabi lize the medicine price, solve the problems of the peasants " prevention little diseases and small injures ; to launch medical treatment to help each other, strengthen the ability of resisting serious diseases ; third, to develop rural business insurance, to meet the multi - level medical demands and guarantee that it can offer the peasants finally a reliable health network of social safety
特別是，基於目前我國農村醫療保障體系比較薄弱的現狀，作者重點提出了自己在建立農村醫療保障體系方面的設想，即從三個方面解決農村的醫療保障問題：一是整改鄉村醫療機構，高效利用資源，平抑藥價，解決農民的預防保健及小病、小傷問題；二是開展醫療互助，增強抵禦大病風險的能力；三是發展農村商業保險，滿足多層次的醫療需求。從而保證在最終能為農民提供一個可靠的社會安全健康網路。Provide retiree not pay is basic medical treatment insurance premium, basically have the consideration of 3 respects, be the property decision that is sure by social medical treatment, insurance of social medical treatment should be reflected help each other in all aid, healthy person helps ailing person, retired worker is average sicken is more, it is the weak force crowd that need society takes care of ; 2 it is for balanced company load, offer the opportunity of fair competition for the enterprise, participate in market competition ; 3 it is to consider retiree is during the job previously, had made contribution for the society, the income after retiring is low, the worker that has retired now especially, accumulate without what be used enoughly at medical treatment defray, medical treatment burden is heavier
之所以規定退休人員不繳納基本醫療保險費，主要有三個方面的考慮，一是由社會醫療保險的性質決定的，社會醫療保險要體現互助共濟，健康人幫助生病的人，退休職工一般患病較多，是需要社會照顧的弱勢人群；二是為了均衡企業負擔，為企業提供公平競爭的機會，參與市場競爭；三是考慮到退休人員在以前的工作期間，已經為社會作出了貢獻，退休后收入低，非凡是現在已經退休的職工，沒有足夠的用於醫療支出的積累，醫療負擔較重。From the macro - aspect, the commercial medical insurance is just started in china, but with the improvement of the market and the support of our government policies the commercial health insurance face the good opportunity to develop. it has enormous potential market as well. from the micro - aspect, the mount of commercial health insurance products are great, but the liability covers are not enough. insurers can not effectively control the risk, which leads to the higher payment. further more, the entries of foreign insurance companies because of wto enlarge the competition. the potential demanding of health insurance is plenty, but the virtual demanding is lack. all of this indicates that every participator need more improvement to advance the commercial health insurance market
從宏觀層面來看，我國的商業健康保險起步較晚，尚處于起步階段，但隨著市場的不斷完善、國家政策的鼓勵和支持，也面臨著難得的發展機遇，市場潛力巨大。從微觀層面來看，在市場供給方面，商業健康保險的產品數量較多，種類卻比較單一，保險公司風險管控能力薄弱，賠付率居高不下，我國加入wto后，由於外資保險公司的進入，行業競爭加劇;在市場需求方面人們對健康保險潛在需求較大，但有效需求不足。因而各市場參與主體還需逐漸成熟以促進健康保險市場的進一步發展。To allay the costs of paying benefits for a handful of ailing employees who drive up the premiums for their entire staffs, employers should stop providing group health insurance and help employees get individual policies instead
為了降低由於支付少數體弱多病，而使整體員工增加保費的雇員的福利成本，僱主應該停止對這樣的員工提供團體健康保險，代之以協助其取得個人保險。The first phase construction of group networking security determined the organizing framework of security management, established integrated security strategy and networking security management system, and solved the problem of uniform defense and concentrated control for the w hole network virus, the security problem of transmission of the ddn special line, and the problem of accessing control of the important networks and networking servers by combining with corresponding security technique, anti - virus technique, firewall technique, invasion detected technique, and risk evaluation technique, etc, and implemented the security defenses for the weakest level ( transmission security of inter - region mainline network ) and kernel level ( multi - lans in first class secret units ) in the system
集團網路安全一期建設確定了安全管理組織機構、制定了整體安全策略和網路安全管理制度，並結合相應安全技術防病毒技術、防火墻技術、入侵檢測技術、風險評估技術等，解決了全網病毒的統一防範集中控管問題、 ddn專線上的傳輸安全問題、重要網路及網路服務器的訪問控制問題等。實現了系統的最薄弱層（跨地域主幹網路傳輸安全） 、核心層（多個一級保密單位局域網）的安全防範。The mexican banking crisis of 1995 - 96 supports the policy implications of the " vulnerability - shocks " paradigm : developing countries should identify the specific causes of their banking systems vulnerability and implement the appropriate financial reforms ; fragile banking systems complicate the management of macroeconomic policy in terms of timing, scope, and effectiveness ; macroeconomic considerations should play an important role in the design of bank regulatory regimes ; effective deposit insurance systems should be established in order to reduce bank runs and moral hazards of both bankers and depositors ; considering the apparent role of lending booms in creating vulnerability of banking systems, the authorities should monitor the rate of credit growth, and take measures when it appears to be growing too rapidly
墨西哥銀行危機印證了「脆弱與沖擊」銀行危機解釋模式的政策含義：發展中國家應針對銀行體系脆弱性的具體原因，採取相應改革措施；銀行業的脆弱性對經濟改革政策的選擇、實施時機和實施效果均會產生重要影響；應根據宏觀經濟波動程度，確定適當的銀行審慎監管指標水平；建立有效的存款保險制度；應監督銀行信貸的擴張速度，在必要時通過實施相應的宏觀經濟政策來限制銀行的信貸擴張。從這次銀行危機中我們主要可以得出兩點結論。The writer has studied the historical background of basic medical insurance of our county, and collected a lot of information. the writer has been on practice in suzhou social security bureau for two months, and has done a lot of investigation in some hospital. the conclusion of the writer ' s research is that the government should protect the weak group people and avoid moral risk
為此筆者研究了我國城鎮基本醫療保險改革的歷史背景，收集了大量這方面的既有研究成果，為了不僅停留在理論層面，筆者到蘇州勞動社會保障局實習兩月有餘，也多次到定點醫療機構體驗情況，對蘇州城鎮基本醫療保險的實際運行也有了一定的直觀認識，得出城鎮基本醫療保險應在保護弱勢群體，增加橫向公平和杜絕道德風險、保證基金安全方面做出改進的結論。分享友人