恆星黑子 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [héngxīnghēizi]
恆星黑子 英文
starspot
  • 恆 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （永久; 持久） permanent; lasting 2 （平常; 經常） usual; common; constant Ⅱ名詞1 （恆心...
  • 星 : 名詞1 （夜晚天空中閃爍發光的天體） star 2 [天文學] （宇宙間能發射光或反射光的天體） heavenly body...
  • 子 : 子Ⅰ名詞1 （兒子） son 2 （人的通稱） person 3 （古代特指有學問的男人） ancient title of respect f...
  • 恆星 : [天文學] fixed star; star恆星大氣 stellar atmosphere; 恆星導航 star navigation; stellar guidance;...
  • 黑子 : 1. [書面語] （黑痣） black mole2. [天文學] （太陽的黑斑） sunspot; spot3. （黑方棋子） black （棋類運動）
  1. Many planets ( for example, ganymede, mercury, the earth, jupiter and saturn ) and stars ( for example, the sun ) possess intrinsic magnetic fields. the explanation for their existence and variation remains a great challenge to planetary scientists and astrophysicists. this article attempts to review some recent developments and difficulties in the study of magnetohydrodynamics for the electrically conducting fluid interiors of planets and stars. it is the fluid motions, usually driven by thermal convection, that generate and sustain magnetic fields through magnetohydrodynamic processes in planets and stars. in planets, the magnetohydrodynamic processes are strongly affected by the combined and inseparable effects of rotation, magnetic fields and spherical geometry. the key dynamics involves the interaction between the coriolis and lorentz forces. in the sun, it is the solar tachocline, a thin shear flow layer located at the base of the convection envelope, that plays an essential role in the solar magnetohydrodynamic processes which produce the 11 - year sunspot cycle. some results of a new nonlinear three - dimensional solar dynamo model are also presented

    許多行星（如木衛三，水星，地球，木星和土星）和恆星（如太陽）具有內部磁場.對這些磁場的存在和變化的解釋對行星科學家和天體物理學家是一個巨大的挑戰.本文試圖總結行星和恆星的導電流體內部磁流體力學研究的新近發展和困難.一般由熱對流驅動的流動通過磁流體力學過程產生並維持在行星和恆星中的磁場.在行星中磁流體力學過程強烈地受到轉動，磁場和球幾何位型的綜合影響.其動力學的關鍵方面涉及科里奧利力和洛倫茲力間的相互作用.在太陽中其流線，即處于對流層的薄的剪切流層在太陽的磁流體力學過程中扮演了一個基本的角色，並由之產生了11年的太陽黑子周期.本文也給出了一個新的非線性三維太陽發電機模型
  2. Topics include : planets, planet formation ; stars, the sun, " normal " stars, star formation ; stellar evolution, supernovae, compact objects ( white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes ), plusars, binary x - ray sources ; star clusters, globular and open clusters ; interstellar medium, gas, dust, magnetic fields, cosmic rays ; distance ladder ; galaxies, normal and active galaxies, jets ; gravitational lensing ; large scaling structure ; newtonian cosmology, dynamical expansion and thermal history of the universe ; cosmic microwave background radiation ; big - bang nucleosynthesis

    課程的主題包含了：行星、行星形成；恆星、太陽、正常的恆星、恆星形成；恆星演化、超新星、緻密天體（白矮星、中子星及黑洞） 、波霎、雙x -射線源；星團、球狀及疏散星團；星際介質、氣體、塵埃、磁場、宇宙射線；距離階梯；星系、正常及活躍星系、噴流；重力透鏡；大尺度結構；牛頓宇宙學、宇宙的動力膨脹及溫度發展歷史；宇宙背景微波輻射；大霹靂核合成。
  3. That is the following in essence. a sufficient mass of cold matter will necessarily collapse to a black hole, and stars with different mass will evolve into the white - dwarf - star, the neutron - star or the black - hole eventually because of the radiation of the burning core. the collapse of stars with sufficient mass leads to a black hole endowed with mass and charge and angular momentum, no other adjustable parameters : " a black hole has no hair.

    第二章簡單介紹一下「黑洞無毛」理論形成，即足夠質量的冷物質能夠塌縮成黑洞，不同質量的恆星由於核燃燒輻射最終會演化成為白矮星、中子星或黑洞，以及黑洞的終態系統唯一地由質量、電荷和角動量確定，而無其它物理參數，此即為「黑洞無毛」理論。
  4. The evolution of fixed star having something to do with nuclear reaction, the star generally loses partial mass in its final period and finally collapses into compact star ( white dwarf, neutron star or black hole )

    恆星的演化與核反應有關，演化到晚期的恆星一般要損失一部分質量，然後坍縮成緻密星（白矮星、中子星或黑洞） 。
  5. Nature of the universe - chapter seventeen if the remnant of a supernova explosion is heavier than two or three solar masses, the neutron degenerate pressure is not strong enough to support the star. there does not exist stronger force up to our knowledge and we believe the remnant will collapse to a black hole

    在超新星爆發后，如果恆星剩餘質量超過二或三個太陽質量，中子簡並壓力亦不足以抵抗向內的引力，這時在已知的物理理論裏面，再沒有更強的力能足以與引力一決雌雄，恆星只可以不斷塌縮，成為黑洞。
  6. More recently, dr. rosanne di stefano also from the harvard - smithsonian centre for astrophysics and i used the chandra x - ray observatory to detect objects dubbed " quasisoft " x - ray sources in nearby galaxies because of their low temperatures, which are at most four million degrees celsius. that is well below the temperatures expected for " hard " x - ray sources such as neutron stars or stellar mass black holes - which run between 10 million and 100 million degrees celsius - and still hotter than " soft " x - ray sources like white dwarfs

    最近羅珊迪史提芬路博士她亦來自哈佛大學史密森天體物理中心和筆者利用錢德拉射線天文臺在鄰近星系偵測到一種奇怪的-射線源，我們稱之為類軟射線源，因為它們的溫度最高只有攝氏400萬度，遠低於一般硬射線源，例如中子星和恆星型黑洞溫度介乎攝氏1千萬至1億度，卻又比軟射線源例如白矮星為高。
  7. The temperature range of quasisoft x - ray sources falls just right for an accreting black hole that is more massive than a stellar - mass black hole. however, we should be cautioned that in principle, the low temperatures of many quasisoft x - ray sources can be explained by stellar - mass black holes, neutron stars, and even white dwarfs under very specific physical conditions

    就以類軟射線源的溫度范圍來說，雖然它完全符合那些比恆星型黑洞更大的吸積黑洞，但有一點不能忽略，就是這個溫度在理論上也可以是由恆星型黑洞中子星甚至白矮星在一些特殊物理情況下產生。
  8. Several explanations have been proposed, including cycles of magnetic activity somewhat similar to our own sun ' s sunspot cycle, the action of companion stars orbiting around the dying star, and stellar pulsations

    現在有幾個被提出的解釋，包括像我們自己的太陽黑子周期的磁場周期活動，圍繞衰老的恆星軌道有規律運動的伴星。
  9. Higher mass stars will die in spectacular stellar explosions called supernovae, leaving behind even more compact objects - neutron stars for stars of mass lower than 25 solar masses and black holes for stars of mass higher than 25 solar masses

    一些質量大於8個太陽質量但少於25個太陽質量的恆星在超新星爆發后會成為中子星，而質量大於25個太陽質量的恆星最終會演化成黑洞。
  10. Supermassive black holes containing millions to billions of solar masses could also form wherever a large number of stars are packed in a relatively small region of space, or by large amounts of mass falling into a " seed " black hole, or by repeated fusion of smaller black holes

    超大質量的黑洞包含數百萬到幾十億的太陽質量，無論大量恆星聚集在一相對地小的空間區域里也可以形成黑洞，或通過大量質量落下進入一個「種子」黑洞之內，或通過反復融合比較小的黑洞。
  11. But despite their low temperatures, these quasisoft objects emitted x - ray signals that are more powerful than expected from simple neutron stars or stellar black holes. instead, the natural model for quasisoft x - ray sources is the one involving an intermediate - mass black hole

    此外，這種類軟天體溫度雖然低，但它們所發出的射線訊號較中子星和恆星型黑洞的為強，我們相信它們和中型黑洞有著密切的關系。
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