恆變形法 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [héngbiànxíngfǎ]
恆變形法
英文
constant strain method-
So it is very important to understand the cyclic deformation behavior of zircaloy - 4. in this paper, bauschinger effect of zircaloy - 4 with different metallurgical state at room temperature and 400 ? is investigated in an incremental step test and cyclic deformation test under constant strain control. bauschinger effect during cyclic deformation is described by using back stress, which is mainly responsible for bauschinger effect ; back stress is attained by using kwl " s method
本文採用單試樣逐級加載循環變形和恆應變幅循環變形試驗，研究了不同冶金狀態、溫度、氫以及固溶處理下的zr - 4合金的bauschinger效應現象；種種結果表明，影響bauschinger效應的主要因素是背應力；本文正是從背應力的角度來分析各種狀態下zr - 4合金的bauschinger效應現象；背應力的計算主要通過使用kwl方法而獲得。Using the optimum calculating method, some important technical parameters could be determined, that is, optimum supporting force, allowable deformation of rock mass, cross section area of u - shape set, pre - tight force and diameter of the bolt as well as torque to provide optimum supporting force
用這一計算方法能求出巖石恆阻支護的重要技術參數，即最優（小）恆阻支護力、圍巖最大允許變形量、恆阻u型鋼支架的截面積、聯接螺栓的預緊力和直徑及最優支護力的擰緊力矩。Testing methods for chemical resistance of plastics under constant tensile deformation
在恆定拉伸變形下塑料耐化學作用的試驗方法Secondly, calculation theory of construction for suspension bridge is presented under the ideal condition of dead load design. linetype change stiffness of cable and slip stiffness of supporting points are deduced based on segmental catenary theory. then numerical analysis method through sgkz2000 software are introduced in detail about calculating design linetype for suspension bridge, unstressed length of cable, erection linetype of cable and pre - displacement of saddle without loads, erection linetype of wire strands, the fixed position for erecting cable band and linetype of lifting stiffening girders
其次，根據懸索橋恆載設計理想狀態建立了懸索橋施工計算原理；以分段懸鏈線索理論為基礎，推導了懸索的線形變化剛度和懸索支點的滑移剛度；介紹了懸索橋成橋設計線形計算、吊索無應力長度計算、空纜線形與預偏量計算、絲股架設線形計算、索夾安裝位置計算和加勁梁吊裝線形計算的具體方法、數值演算法及軟體sgkz2000的計算模塊的實現。The conclusion is that the similarities between japanese verbs and adjectives are due to the fact that both are used as adjectivals modifying nominals as well as verbals functioning as predicates, and their differences due to the fact that while verbs more often than not denote activities, events or achievements and thus belong in satage - level predicates requiring agents as subjects, adjectives usually denote properties or states and thus belong in individual - level predicates taking themes or experiencers as subjects
論文的結論是：日語動詞與形容詞的共通性是由於二者同屬于用官（述語）而且具有敘述與修飾兩種用法的緣故；而其相異性則是由於動詞多表示活動、變化、瞬成而屬于以主事者外元為主語的暫態述語，但形容詞則多表示屬性狀態、感情而以客體內元或感受者外元為主語的恆性述語的緣故。Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants
文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映For the reason of concerning with large mesh distortion, the research of this kind of methods mainly focuses on constructing of finite volume schemes in lagrangian coordination and remapping of physical quantities between mesh systems
這類方法由於涉及到lagrange坐標系下計算網格的變形問題，目前的研究工作主要包括lagrange坐標系下有限體積格式的構造和針對計算網格變形的守恆重映問題。Aimed at the practical performance of soft clay, the static equilibrium equations taking consideration of effect of mass change, with the introduction of soil configuration, soil convection formula and mass conservation theory in soil, are derived, which reveal the phenomenon of coupling of total stress and seepage in equilibrium equations. then, some advisable experimental means are explored to determine the effect of mass change during consolidation. objective stress and strain should be used in large strain analysis
針對軟粘土大變形固結的實際性狀，文中引入了土體構形的概念，土體傳運公式和土體質量守恆定律，並由此導出了考慮變質量效應的大變形固結靜力平衡方程，揭示了平衡方程中存在的總應力與滲流相互耦合的效應，並考慮了固液兩相的可壓縮性，進一步探索了測試變質量效應的試驗方法。The main contents about calculation of cable curve for suspension bridges are as follows : firstly, parabola theory, a traditional calculation theory of linetype for suspension bridge, is introduced. according to behavior of suspension bridge, segmental catenary theory which is an exact calculation theory of cable curve for suspension bridges is then built. after that, the errors and adaptable range of segmental parabola theory, segmental straight - line theory and traditional parabola theory are compared one another
懸索橋線形計算部分的主要內容如下：首先，介紹了懸索橋的傳統線形計算理論? ?拋物線理論；根據懸索橋的特徵，建立了懸索橋主纜線形計算的精確理論? ?分段懸鏈線理論；並由此比較了分段拋物線法、分段直線法及傳統拋物線理論的誤差和適用范圍；分析了索長變化、跨度變化及主纜變形引起的恆載重分佈對主纜線形的影響。This method is easy to implement and has no restriction on array geometry and sensor patterns ; three methods for the design of broadband frequency invariant beamformer are proposed, which are the method of resampling signals received by the array, the dft ( discrete fourier transform ) interpolation method and adaptive synthesis method, respectively. examples and performance analyses are given for each method ; a simplified linear constrained minimum variance broadband adaptive algorithm that based on dft interpolation method is presented. compared with conventional broadband adaptive algorithms, the presented method can reduce computation work greatly
提出了一種簡單、易於實現的恆定束寬波束形成器設計方法，該方法對陣形和陣元指向性沒有任何限制；分別提出了基於陣列接收數據重采樣、基於dft插值和自適應綜合的三種具有頻率不變波束圖的寬帶波束形成器設計方法，對于每一種設計方法都給出了一個設計實例並做了性能分析；提出一種基於dft插值的簡化線性約束最小方差寬帶自適應陣列演算法，該方法可以大大降低自適應陣列的運算量。In the proposed technique the bemf waveform of bldcm need to be measured in advance at first, through computer simulation and frame transformation, the optimum q - axis current command is achieved. in order to minimize the torque ripple, the d and 0 - axis current command should be zero. furthermore, through reference frame transformation from dqo - axis to abc - axis, we can get the optimum current command in static abc reference frame
在這種控制方法中首先測量出電機的實際反電動勢波形，然後通過計算機擬合和坐標變換，求得產生恆定電磁轉矩所需的q軸電流，令i _ d ~ * = i _ 0 ~ * = 0 ，通過坐標變換，得到三相靜止坐標系a - b - c下的參考電流i _ a ~ * ， i _ b ~ * ， i _ c ~ * ，利用電流滯環控制來產生pwm信號，由於這種控制方法中電流不會突變，從而可以較好的抑制轉矩脈動。For the bldcm which has a neither sinusoidal nor trapezoidal back - emf, that is, for a general shape back - emf bldcm, this dissertation proposes a novel id = 0 vector control method. by this method, the iq for a constant torque to produce is calculated through coordinate transformation, and the reference iq is tracked by vector control in the dq0 frame
對于實際反電動勢波形既非正弦又非梯形波的無刷直流電動機，提出一種新型的任意波形反電動勢無刷直流電動機的i _ d = 0矢量控制方法，通過坐標變換浙江大學博士學位佑文摘要求解產生恆定電磁轉矩所需的q軸電流，並在dqo坐標系下通過矢量控制對q軸參考電流進行跟蹤。The change of energy in wall rock is tracked in the whole process and the amount of energy transferred to linings is also evaluated. 5 ) based on the principal of energy invariance and the energy properties of sfrc, a practical design equation that related the thickness of projecting sfrc to the energy related properties of tunnel is given in the end. this equation is then used to design a single - track railway tunnel in iii grade rock condition
並進一步推導了不同形式的構件間的能量耗散關系，為將標準試驗的能量統計結果運用於實際結構中打下了基礎； 4 ）利用有限元軟體對隧道開挖過程進行了三維模擬，得到了隧道圍巖在開挖掘進過程中的能量轉化趨勢和規律，得到了鋼纖維噴射混凝土襯砌在支護過程中的能量變化； 5 ）利用能量守恆原理和已經推導出的構件能量耗散關系，建立了鋼纖維噴射混凝土襯砌厚度與圍巖開挖能量變化間的關系，並運用此方法對級圍巖條件中的鐵路單線隧道的鋼纖維噴射混凝土襯砌進行了設計計算；Abstract : the accurate dynamic simulation has been made for the synchronous generator - semiconductor rectifier on dynamic operation, and has been tested by experiment. for the first time, the dynamic waveform of simulation and experiment are applied. the work of this paper has made important theorem foundation for the brushless excite synchronous generator and dc link vscf electrical power generator system
文摘:應用數字模擬的方法，實現了對同步發電機-整流橋負載系統在所有運行情況下精確的動態模擬計算，並進行了實驗驗證，首次提供了該系統動態過程中各參量的模擬與實驗波形，本文為無刷電機及變速恆頻電源系統的動態研究提供了理論基礎。In the end, the steel - reinforced concrete arched bridge ( chun ' an weiping bridge ), which span is 198m, is analyzed by the proposed three - dimensional nonlinear finite element method and also those gained conclusions are directly adopted in the computation. the universal stability coefficient and nonlinear buckling stability coefficient of the bridge are respectively computed, in which the dead load and the live load are assembled according to the criterion. on the other side, the regularities of creep deformation and subsidiary stress of the investigated bridge under the first - stage dead load are carefully researched
最後，將本文所提出的三維非線性分析方法及其主要研究成果直接應用於198m跨勁型骨架式鋼管混凝土拱橋「淳安威坪大橋」的分析計算中，對該橋在最不利恆載和活載組合下的一般特徵值失穩系數和非線性屈曲系數進行了對比研究，並對一期恆載長期作用下該橋的徐變變形、附加應力以及截面應力、應變重分佈規律分別進行了深入研究。分享友人