損失之預防 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [sǔnshīzhīyùfáng]
損失之預防
英文
prevention of loss-
Abstract : the investigation on the evaculation in jingjiang diversion area ( jda ) during the 1998 flood revealed that the traffic - jams and disorders occurred during the evacuation, even under the flood preparedness plan for the diversion. the improvement of the organization and management for safe shift had become the focal point highlighted in the evacuation of 1998. the people living in the jda had poor information on flood. strengthening the dissemination of flood information and upgrading the consciousness of flood preparedness for the families inhabited in the jda is becoming one of the major priorities of flood disaster reduction in the future. it is imperative that appropriate compensation for the losses caused by the flood diversion should be made to insure the diversion area to be used effectively to protect more important regions
文摘:對荊江分洪區1998年洪水期間安全轉移的調查表明，雖然有分洪預案，但實際轉移時仍出現了相當程度的擁擠與混亂.完善分洪轉移的組織與管理，已成為分洪區居民1998年轉移后關注的焦點.分洪區居民普遍表現出對分洪洪水水情不甚了解，通過各種方式開展有關洪水信息的宣傳，提高區內居民的防洪意識，是荊江分洪區未來防洪減災的重點工作之一.由於是國家為保護更重要的地區而主動分洪，對分洪區因分洪蒙受的損失給予某種形式的補償已勢在必行Consequently, executives of culture prevention organization can utilize this well - planed policy and necessary emergency treatments to safeguard building constructions as well as to preserve valuable cultural collections. in conclusion, this thesis provides preservation organization with the analysis and strategy of risk management in protection and emergency recuperation of cultural assets from extraneous environmental factors. under the proposed insurance plan, a culture preservation organization can, furthermore, contribute to promulgate the development of human civilization by reducing the losses of historical properties caused by disasters and insuring the value of cultural collections
質是之故，本論文系以危險管理之理論與方法的分析為基礎，將其觀念應用在文物典藏機構之災害預防與救援措施，進而研擬文物保險之制度，以及相關的配合措施，而使文物典藏機構之經營與管理，藉由災害避免，減少損失的努力，進而保全文物資產，達致安全與永續發展，發揮人類文化嬗遞之理想境地，是為本文研究之成果與期待。As one content of the layout of earthquake - resistent and damage prevention of zhongzhou city, researches in damage prediction and correspond strategies of buildings have been carried through in two aspects as following : firstly, the domestic and aboard methods of damage prediction of buildings are compared and studied. the general methods, corresponding advantages and disadvantages as well as the scope of application for earthquake damage predicting of buildings are summarized. the main problems and solutions for earthquake damage predicting of buildings are submitted ; secondly, the current situations of buildings in the urban areas of zhangzhou city have been investigated
作為漳州市抗震防災規劃的內容之一，本文就建築物震害預測及防禦對策著重開展了兩方面的研究工作：一是對國內外建築物震害預測方法的分析對比，總結了建築物震害預測的一般方法、優缺點及其適用范圍，並提出了目前建築物震害預測存在的主要問題及解決措施；二是開展了漳州市區建築物現狀調查，闡述了漳州市區主要建築類型的震害預測方法和步驟，給出了震害預測的計算實例，完成了漳州市區建築物震害預測、地震經濟損失、無家可歸和傷亡人員的估計，指出漳州市區建築物抗震防災的薄弱環節，並提出了相應的防禦對策。Because our legal system belong to the common law, but anticipatory breach is the characteristic of english - american law, can anticipatory breach solve the problems in common law ? when the anticipatory breach is introduced, are there conflicts in the institution ? how to improve the anticipatory breach with these projblems with some faults and shortcomings ? this paper inquires these things in three parts. starting bread with the two outside forms of the auticipatory and the two outside forms of the auticipatory non - permermance, the first part of the passage inquires the value and the orcial base of the anticipatory breach by surveyingjit ' s origination and changing process under the origination and changing process under the special historical background. by comparing the anticipatory breach with counterargument right for security, the second part states a viewpoint that the former is superior is superior to the latter in protection parties " lawful rights though there are many similarities and differences between them. from this, we can come to a comclusion that the counterargument right for security is no substition for conticipetory breach and that the former should be part of the latter. the third party gives a detailed explanation of anticipatory breach in english ? american law systems in chinese system of anticipatory breach. finally, the anther makes some important suggestion : first, the subject of counterargument right for security should be attend to either party of the contract
其價值在於使受害方能提前獲得法律上的救濟，防止其蒙受本來可以避免的損失。第二部分筆者通過對預期違約與不安抗辯權的比較研究，對我國《合同法》應如何處理、協調來自不同法系的這兩項並不完全相同的法律制度的關系提出了自己的觀點。筆者認為不安抗辯權是通過對合同利益期待權的保護，實現法律「公平」和「安全」的價值，而預期違約除標示上述價值目標外，更是法律對「效率違約」這一經濟理論的認可，顯示了法律對「效益」這一價值目標的追求，從而提出預期違約與不安杭辮權二者制度功能相似而制度構造不同，預期違約制度較之不安杭辮權更有利於保護當事人的合法權益，由此得出我國《合同法》中不安抗辮權不僅不能替代預期違約，而是預期違約應該吸納不安抗辮權的結論Thus there are two areas of concern : firstly, although criminal prosecutions or administrative means have already been carried out, the infringement has occurred and the interests of the obligee has been violated. without setting definite areas of indemnification due to the infringement, the interests of the obligee cannot be assured and on the other hand, it can not prevent further torts. secondly, in evaluating the indemnification of the torts, there is no standard or scope which can cause difficulty in judicial judgment, especially in the evaluation of the intangible injury or the injury which cannot be enumerated, and in the evaluation of the evidence that causes injury
在過去多年的司法實踐表明，單憑刑事和行政手段，未必能完全保護知識產權權利人之利益，這里有兩個方面思考：第一，即使作出了刑事和行政手段，有關的侵害行為可能已經作出，並導致權利人利益受損，在沒有規范侵權人需要為侵權行為所承擔的賠償范圍，一方面未能保障權利人之利益，另一方面也未能產生阻嚇作用，提升預防功能；第二，對侵權行為進行損害賠償計算時，並沒有統一標準和范圍，對于司法審判造成一定難度，尤其是對于非財產損害之計算、造成損失之舉證和無法列明之損失各個方面，也使法官在確定損害賠償金額時，需要考慮和注意的問題。By studying the relationships among original cost, expectation loss and defence standard, the objective function for optimizing the defence standard of the city is proposed, and the result has been applied in xiamen
通過研究建築初始造價、預期損失與設防烈度之間的關系，給出了確定城市最優設防標準的目標函數，並已將結果應用於廈門市。分享友人