收緊信貸 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [shōujǐnxìndài]
收緊信貸
英文
credit squeeze-
Certain selected tightening measures have been implemented, including moves by pboc to raise reserve requirements and rediscount rates ( see box below ), and administrative directives to impose strict land controls and to rein in credit expansion by curbing lending to overheating sectors
部分已實施的緊縮措施包括：人民銀行調高存款準備金率（見下表） 、透過行政指令嚴格控制土地資源，以及收緊對過熱行業的貸款，以控制信貸膨脹等。Expounds the five main aspect of risk in national commercial bank, i. e. signal liability structure, bad loan quality, low capital efficiency, imperfect restriction on interior power, thin consciousness on risk avoidance ; summarizes five characters of the bank risks, including risk concentration, moral risk, risks caused by system structure, inequi ty between bank risks and revenues, aggrandizement trend of bank risks ; analysis eight reasons for bank risks, including proprietary ownership voidance, macroeconomic fluctuation, ineffective capita ] buffer mechanism, enterprise reasons. no synchronous fiscal investment and financial reform, incompetence law and regulation enforcement. chapter4 argues the opportunities and challenges of the financial globalization and requirement for bank risk managem ent. chapters suggests the methods for the risk management of national commercial bank
緊接著在第三章闡述了我國國有商業銀行風險的「五大表現」 ，即負債結構單一、信貸資產質量差、資本充足率低、內部控制機制薄弱、防範風險的意識淡薄；總結了我國國有商業銀行風險的「五大特點」 ，即風險高度集中、風險人為匿藏、風險的體制性、風險與收益嚴重不對稱、風險呈繼續擴大態勢；剖析了我國國有商業銀行風險形成的「八大因素」 ，即金融產權「人格」虛設、宏觀經濟波動、資本金等緩沖機制不健全、財政、投資和金融的體制改革不配套、法律和法規不健全等。Dr chan said : " we issued the notes in a highly favorable market environment against a background of increasing interest rates and continued credit tightening in the prc. the notes issue is intended to improve and enhance the matching of our group s expansion plan with its cashflow requirements and debt maturity profile.
陳博士表示：在息率趨升和中國內地持續收緊信貸的情況下，對債券發行人造就了利好的市場環境，亞洲鋁業亦在此利好情況下發行了票據，以改善和鞏固集團在擴展計劃下的現金流量需要和借貸償還期組合。The model of this paper explores the links between the following factors and the credit rationing in china. the change of banks " attitude to credit risk may lead to credit rationing ; banks give much more emphasis on the trade cost and the payable value of collateral, which may give rise to credit rationing ; the decreasing of asset price during economic stagnation produces credit rationing ; the bias of banks " objective function from the maximization of profit and the transformation of the function relating to the reform of the financial system cause credit rationing ; if different parts of the whole markets are not integrated, the credit in the part with low capital return ratio will be rationed. during economic recession, banks tend to ration the credit in the high - risk market ; the removing of interest ceiling will narrow down the interest spread of deposit and credit at least during a period, which may strengthen credit rationing ; meanwhile, the vulnerable borrowers, including small and middle - sized enterprises, will get more credit from banks even though they have to pay a higher interest rate
論文的模型探討了下列因素和中國信貸配給現象之間的聯系：商業銀行對信貸風險的態度變化，在辨別和控制信貸風險上開始投入大量的成本，這一過程會導致信貸配給；商業銀行對與法治環境相關的交易成本和抵押品清償價值的日漸關注會導致信貸配給；宏觀經濟緊縮時期資產價格下降會導致信貸配給；商業銀行經營目標函數偏離利潤最大化，近幾年金融業改革過程使商業銀行目標函數發生變化，這一變化過程可能導致信貸配給；在市場分化的條件下，收益水平低的市場會遭受信貸配給；在經濟下滑時期，商業銀行尤其會對高風險市場配給信貸；利率市場化使商業銀行的存貸利差至少在一段時間內縮窄，利差縮窄可能加重信貸配給的程度：在利率市場化條件下，弱勢借款者，包括中小企業，遭受信貸配給的程度可能得到緩解，但支付的貸款利率水平將會升高。Although the ecb and the bank of england have sounded sanguine about tightening credit, central bankers are not entirely unperturbed
雖然歐央行和英格蘭銀行看來會繼續收緊信貸，央行們其實也並不完全是如此堅定。“ interest rate hikes and other credit tightening policies are highly and probably imminent, a matter of weeks rather than months, ” said dong tao, an economist with creditsuisse in hong kong
瑞士信貸（ creditsuisse ）駐香港的經濟學家陶冬表示： 「加息及其它收緊信貸的政策已迫在眉睫，將在幾周內發生事，不會需要幾個月那麼久。 」The impact would likely be limited provided that the slowdown remained concentrated in domestic demand components, but it could be more pronounced in the event of a credit crunch that affected exporting firms on the mainland as well
若經濟放緩仍只集中於本地需求環節，其影響程度可能有限，但若收緊信貸同時影響到內地出口企業，上述影響便可能較顯著。Such measures, which included the tightening of credit controls and adoption of more stringent trade terms, have resulted in a short term slow down in golf equipment sales due to rescheduling and or reduction of shipments to certain customers
有關措施包括收緊信貸，並採用更嚴格的交易條款，故措施實行初期，部分客戶需要減少及或重新配置訂單，因此導致高爾夫球用品銷售在短期內出現減退的情況。Falling gross margins on hardware sales coupled with the increasing cost of financing due to the tight credit policies of vendors, have compelled the division to gradually shift its principal business focus from hardware integration to maintenance and service provision and to applications development
硬體產品的毛利持續下降，財務成本亦因供應商收緊信貸而日益上漲。部門有見及此，已逐步將其業務重心由硬體集成轉移至系統維修支援服務及應用方案開發。The group s mainframe systems integration ( si ) operations have also experienced a slow - down in growth rate after years of robust expansion. falling gross margins on hardware sales coupled with the increasing cost of financing due to the tight credit policies of vendors, have compelled the division to gradually shift its principal business focus from hardware integration to maintenance and service provision and to applications development
集團的大型主機系統集成業務經過多年的高速擴展，增長開始放緩。硬體產品的毛利持續下降，財務成本亦因供應商收緊信貸而日益上漲。部門有見及此，已逐步將其業務重心由硬體集成轉移至系統維修、支援服務及應用方案開發。On the second issue of a credit crunch, there is little evidence that banks are tightening their lending standards
至於第二種對于信貸緊縮的擔憂，幾乎沒有證據表明銀行在收緊貸款標準。Outstanding credit card advances, which have registered strong increases in recent years, declined in 2002, probably reflecting tightening of credit card issuance and lending policies alongside continuing deterioration in loan quality and weak consumer spending
面對貸款質素持續惡化及消費疲弱的情況，銀行收緊信用卡的發卡條件及貸款政策，因此近年大幅增加的未償還信用卡貸款于年內下跌。The rich have also been funding their lifestyles with debt - - from art loans and jumbo mortgages to jet financing. so if credit contracts further, high - end spending also will shrink
富人的生活也離不開舉債，諸如藝術品貸款、大額抵押貸款和飛機融資等等。因此一旦信貸進一步緊縮，高端支出也會收縮。Poorer, more credit - constrained people spent a higher share of their rebates
而且收入越低，信貸約束越緊的人，其花去的退稅款比例越高。After 1989, the increase of demand slowed down and facing the complexion of low degree of industrial concentration of product market and financial strain of medi um and small - sized enterprises caused by the circulating trap of " credit squeeze - - - bad loan ", the advantageous enterprises " " wallow in money ", specifically, those listed companies that could finance from the stock market, began to take predatory pricing strategy in succession and tried to enlarge market share and obtain high return by squeezing medium and small - sized enterprises out of the market after 1998, the vicious circle of deflation and " credit grudging " of banks in product and credit markets, overcapacity, the difficulty of retreating of loss - incurring enterprises in some industries from the market for institutional reasons and over - competition in some industries, led to the incessant decrease of enterprises " global income, persistent increase of rate of debts and constant rise of ratio of bad assets of banks, which further intensified the vicious circle of deflation and " credit grudging " of banks
如在改革開放初期，在產品市場需求旺盛和信貸市場預算軟約束的情況下，各類企業的最優決策就是採用高負債、高擴張的「負債的有限責任效應」策略來搶占市場並獲得高回報； 1989年以後，需求增速開始放緩，面臨產品市場產業集中度較低和信貸市場「信貸緊縮-不良貸款」循環陷阱導致的中小企業資金緊張的局面， 「錢袋鼓鼓」的優勢企業（尤其是那些可以通過股票市場融通資金的上市公司）紛紛採用掠奪性定價策略，試圖通過把中小企業擠出市場來擴大市場份額並獲得高收益； 1998年以後，產品市場和信貸市場形成了通貨緊縮和銀行「惜貸」惡性循環的狀況。產品市場上部分行業生產能力嚴重過剩，且由於體制等原因導致虧損企業無法退出，因此這些行業中出現了過度競爭的現象，企業總體收益的不斷下滑、負債率不斷提高以及銀行不良資產率的持續上升，又進一步加強了通貨緊縮和銀行「惜貸」的惡性循環。To minimize future exposure to customers failures, the group has conducted an extensive review of the existing customer portfolio and imposed more restrictions on the granting of credits
由於出現這次事件，集團于年度內第四季著手提升客戶質素，全面收緊客戶的信貸安排，以降低集團面對的財務風險。Global equity markets continued to show remarkable gains against a backdrop of ample liquidity and tight credit spreads, while the bond markets recovered in the latter half of the year
在流動資金充裕及信貸息差收緊的形勢下，環球股市持續大幅上揚，而主要債市在下半年亦回升。This reflects a number of factors, including the tightening of lending policies, contraction in consumer spending during the quarter, particularly in march following the outbreak of sars, and the transfer of restructured card receivables from the card portfolio to other loan accounts such as personal loan accounts by some institutions
應收帳款總額減少是由多個原因造成，包括認可機構收緊貸款政策客戶在季內減少消費，特別是在月份繼非典型肺炎爆發后情況更為明顯，以及部分機構把經重組信用卡應收帳款轉為其他貸款帳戶例如個人貸款帳。分享友人