放大率差 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [fàngdàlǜchā]
放大率差
英文
difference of magnification-
Semiconductor, diodes, bipolar junction transistors, field - effect transistors, transistor amplifiers, frequency response, operational amplifiers, differential and multistage amplifiers, integrated circuits
半導體、二極體、雙極電晶體、場效電晶體、電晶體放大器、頻率響應、算放大器、差動及多極放大器、積體電路。Through analysising the characteristics of the power system with floating neutral point deeply, the paper puts forward a new plan of single - phase to ground fault line selection on the base of s ' s signal injecton method and gives the hardware and software design. in this design, the high speed sampling and data processing is carried out through using dsp processor ; the large electrice current is drived through the application of a high - performance audio power amplifier and transformer ; the communication between host computer and detectors is realized through rs485 bus technology ; the difference multilevel frequency - selected amplifier is designed and the feeble signal of space is sampled on the base of the theory of magnetic induction ; the interface between dsp and exterior chip and rs485 interface logical is designed through using fpga ; the using of lcd module and keyboard interfacing chip makes the interface between human and machine ; the programme of host computer and detectors is designed through using blocking design method
在本設計中，採用高速的dsp處理器，實現了對故障特徵信息的高速採集與處理;採用大功率的功放晶元與變壓器配合的方法，實現了大電流信號的驅動輸出;採用485總線技術，組建了裝置主機與多探測器之間的主從式通訊網路，實現了多干擾條件下裝置主機與多探測器的可靠通訊;設計了差分式多級選頻放大電路，採用磁感應的方法實現了對空間微弱信號的接收;利用fpga技術，實現了控制器與多外設的介面及數字信號的串並轉換;採用了先進的lcd液晶顯示模塊及鍵盤介面晶元，設計了人機信息交互的介面;採用了模塊化的軟體設計方法，開發了裝置主機及探測器的軟體程序。In new system the error pa can also amplify the original signal, so the performance of whole amplifier system increases. since rf predistorters used in the new system, the linearity and power efficiency can be enhanced
該技術改變了誤差通路中的信號特性，使誤差放大器也輸出有用信號功率，提高了整個放大系統的性能。Output errors of power amplifiers, hysteresis and creep error of pzts and coupling error among the actuators are the critical factors affecting the motion accuracy of improvement
摘要功率放大器的輸出誤差、壓電陶瓷的洄滯及蠕變誤差、驅動器之間的耦合誤差等是影響機器人運動精度的關鍵因素。The synchronous rectifying and low power sampling technology is used to reduce the power consumption, flexible external loop compensation, error amplifier output clamp are adopted for better system large signal response. the piecewise slope compensation technology is employed to minimize the consequence of over compensation. the sensor resistor is externally connected, which realize output voltage programmable. the overheat protection and under voltage protection modules are integrated in the die to allow the reliable operation of the system
同時，電路設計採用同步整流技術、低功耗電流采樣技術降低功耗，提高轉換效率;採用靈活的外部環路補償技術、誤差放大器輸出嵌位技術以實現良好大信號特性;採用分段斜坡補償技術，消除不穩定因素，並最大程度地減小過補償帶來的問題;採用外接輸出采樣電阻的方式，實現輸出電壓的可編程。At the initial stage of planar technique, b was employed as ideal diffusion impurity in base - region of npn si planar devices because of the match of its solid - solubility and diffusion coefficient in si with those of p in emission - region, and the good shield effect of sio2 film to b. but because of the relatively large solubility ( 5 1020 / cm3 at 1000 ) and the small diffusion coefficient, the linear slowly - changed distribution of acceptor b in pn junction can not be formed, which could not cater to the requirement of high - reversal - voltage devics. thereafter b - a1 paste - layer diffusion technology and close - tube ga - diffusion technology had been developed, while the former can lead to relatively large the base - region deviation and abruptly varied region in si, which caused severe decentralization of current amplification parameter, bad thermal stability and high tr ; the latter needed the relatively difficult pack technique, with poor repeatability, high rejection ratio, and poor diffusion quality and productio n efficiency
在平面工藝初期，由於b在硅中的固溶度、擴散系數與n型發射區的磷相匹配， sio _ 2對其又有良好的掩蔽作用，早被選為npn硅平面器件的理想基區擴散源，但b在硅中的固溶度大（ 1000時達到5 10 ~ （ 20 ） ，擴散系數小， b在硅中的雜質分佈不易形成pn結中雜質的線性緩變分佈，導致器件不能滿足高反壓的要求，隨之又出現了硼鋁塗層擴散工藝和閉管擴鎵工藝，前者會引起較大的基區偏差，雜質在硅內存在突變區域，導致放大系數分散嚴重，下降時間t _ f值較高，熱穩定性差；後者需要難度較大的真空封管技術，工藝重復性差，報廢率高，在擴散質量、生產效率諸方面均不能令人滿意。This digital amplifier made up of a digital inverter can implement the sine voltage signal ' s power amplifying based on the digital signal processor. with the high processing ability of dsp, the advanced digital control arithmetic can be realized in the software. also the feasible and effective technique for the time delay compensation of digital control can be achieved
該放大系統用數字化逆變器來實現電力系統正弦電壓信號功率的放大，利用dsp數字處理器高速的處理能力，可以使系統實現高性能的演算法控制，並且能靈活地對系統的誤差進行補償，從而實現逆變系統的高性能和高精度，為解決電力系統電容式互感器二次側帶負載能力弱的問題進行了有意義的研究。The dynamic experiment was tried. the maximal output power, which can be achieved, is 420kw. although there is a distance to the goal of 500kw output power, it still is the maximal power amplification broadcast tube on final stage in our nation
該樣管上整機做動態試驗時，在整機電壓不變的情況下，輸出功率為420kw ，盡管與輸出功率500kw的研製目標尚有一定差距，但也是我國目前輸出功率最大的末級功率放大管。In order to measure the characteristics of such semiconductor optical amplifier, we adopted a set of measurement system. this measurement system can be used to measure the characteristics of all kinds of active or inactive optical passive components. such device presents good polarization insensitivity ( < 0. 9db ), wide 3db bandwidth ( > 33nm ) at 0 - 200ma and different input signal light wavelength and power, the maximum fiber - to - fiber gain of 10db, lossless operation current of 50 - 75ma for different input signal light wavelength and power, large extinction ratio ( > 50db ) and lower noise figure ( nf ) ( < 8db )
與張瑞英博士一起，首次利用該種有源區結構制備出偏振不靈敏半導體光放大器，並在0 - 200ma注入電流范圍內獲得33nm的3db帶寬，在不同信號波長，不同信號功率0 - 200ma的注入電流范圍內，偏振相關損耗均《 0 . 9db ，在耦合差損為7db / facet的條件下，最大fiber - to - fiher增益達10db ，無損操作電流為50 - 70ma ，消光比達50db以上，而噪聲指數則低於8db ，最小可達4 . 6db 。( 三 ) under the dynamic load of the explosion, the numeric analysis has been done and achieve the rule as follow : ( 1 ) when the frequency of vibration is 0. 3hz, the acceleration of the slopes top gets the maximum ; so 0. 3hz is believed the natural frequency of the slope as a whole ; ( 2 ) the vibration of explosion can been magnified because of the condition of the landform, when the relative altitude is up to 45m, the acceleration of horizon gets the maximum ; when the relative altitude is up to 100m, the absolute value of acceleration and the deformation of horizon is larger than that in the bottom of the slope ; ( 3 ) in the period of forced vibration, at the top of the slope, the acceleration of horizon become larger and larger ; at the middle part of the slope, it becomes smaller ; ( 4 ) when the explosion velocity of is much little, the shallow part destruction is the primary deformation of the slope
（三）採用模態疊加法針對爆破動力作用，進行邊坡的動力響應分析，得出了以下結論： （ 1 ）振動頻率為0 . 3hz時，坡面頂部水平向加速度峰值最大；綜合考慮，可認為該邊坡的自振頻率為0 . 3hz左右； （ 2 ）地形對爆破地振動存在放大作用，研究剖面的坡面，水平向加速度及位移在地形相對高差45米左右最大，而後隨相對高差的增高而減小，相對高差為100米時，水平向位移及加速度絕對值均大於坡腳； （ 3 ）強迫振動段，水平向加速度值隨時間變化的規律為：坡頂節點總的變化趨勢是越來越大，而坡體中部節點的變化趨勢是越來越小； （ 4 ）當爆破振速較小時，變形破壞的形式表現為坡頂表面滑塌型。The measurement system consist of computer, 16 - channel high speed data acquisition board, spark plug pressure sensor, crank angle signal generator, charge amplifier and oscillograph. the max acquisition frequency of this system is 1mhz
由通用微機、 16通道無相差高速數據採集卡、火花塞式壓力傳感器、角標信號發生器、電荷放大器、示波器組成的高速數據採集系統，最高總采樣頻率為1mhz 。And used this standard ( large than ex + 3 x x ) to estimate the design sub stage maximum tidal levels using the frequency analysis. an improved method to deduce design tidal level process is put forward, using both designs maximum anneal tidal level and design maximum annual tidal range
探討了不同參數估計方法下如何判別特大值，並用得到的判別標準（大於ex + 3 x ）對修正後的分期最高潮位序列進行頻率分析確定了分期設計最高潮位。提出了以設計年最高潮位和設計年最大潮差共同控制典型潮位過程放大的設計潮位過程推求方法，使設計潮位過程的推求更趨合理。The thesis has done the widespread investigation and study to the domestic and foreign ’ s technologies of analogy low voltage and low power, and analyzes the principles of work, merts and shortcomings of these technologies, based on the absorption of these technologies, it designs a 1. 5v low power rail - to - rail cmos operational amplifier. when designing input stage, in order to enable the input common mode voltage range to achieve rail - to - rail, it does not use the traditional differential input pair, but use the nmos tube and the pmos tube parallel supplementary differential input pair to the structure, and uses the proportional current mirror technology to realize the constant transconductance of input stage. in the middle gain stage design, the current mirror load does not use the traditional standard cascode structure, but uses the low voltage, wide - swing casecode structure which is suitable to work in low voltage. when designing output stage, in order to enhance the efficiency, it uses the push - pull common source stage amplifier as the output stage, the output voltage swing basically reached rail - to - rail. the thesis changes the design of the traditional normal source based on the operational amplifier, uses the differential amplifier with current mirror load to design a normal current source. the normal current source provides the stable bias current and the bias voltage to the operational amplifier, so the stability of operational amplifier is guaranteed. the thesis uses the miller compensate technology with a adjusting zero resistance to compensate the operational amplifier
本論文對國內外的模擬低電壓低功耗技術做了廣泛的調查研究，分析了這些技術的工作原理和優缺點，在吸收這些技術成果基礎上設計了一個1 . 5v低功耗軌至軌cmos運算放大器。在設計輸入級時，為了使輸入共模電壓范圍達到軌至軌，不是採用傳統的差動輸入結構，而是採用了nmos管和pmos管並聯的互補差動輸入對結構，並採用成比例的電流鏡技術實現了輸入級跨導的恆定;在中間增益級設計中，電流鏡負載並不是採用傳統的標準共源共柵結構，而是採用了適合在低壓工作的低壓寬擺幅共源共柵結構;在輸出級設計時，為了提高效率，採用了推挽共源級放大器作為輸出級，輸出電壓擺幅基本上達到了軌至軌;本論文改變傳統基準源基於運放的設計，採用了帶電流鏡負載的差分放大器設計了一個基準電流源，給運放提供穩定的偏置電流和偏置電壓，保證了運放的穩定性;並採用了帶調零電阻的密勒補償技術對運放進行頻率補償。This paper is based on the working theory of anti - lock braking system, the properties of fuzzy control, the modelling for vehicle system and vhicle tyre. by using of wheel speed sensor, the gather of wheel speed is practiced by filter, amplier, modifying of wheel speed. based on the wheel slip ratio of abs. given vehicle speed and wheel speed, the wheel slip ratio is computed. the error and error change ratio of slip ratio is obtained by given refering slip ratio. which is the input of fuzzy control which comprises of input fuzzy
本文根據防抱死制動系統的工作原理，模糊控制的性能特點，車輛系統模型及車輪輪胎模型，利用輪速傳感器，對輪速進行濾波、放大、整形等實現了車輪速度的採集。採用基於車輪滑移率的防抱控制理論，根據車速、輪速來計算車輪滑移率。由參考滑移率計算出滑移率的誤差、誤差變化率並作為控制器的輸入變量完成了模糊控制的模糊化、模糊推理、模糊判決。22 paired inferior collicular neurons were obtained in the experiment. the neurons were recorded in the depth of 198 - 1254 u m ( 544. 59 ? 72. 37 n m, m + sd ), and their bfs were 11. 25 - 59. 29 khz ( 26. 77 + 9. 95 khz, m ? d ) : the minimum thresholds ( mts ) werelo - 66 db spl ( 38. 14 ? 14. 39 khz, m + sd ) ; the latencies were 4. 0 - 16. 0 ms ( 8. 19 + 3. 14 ms, m + sd ) ; the best intervals between paired sound pulses were 0. 01 - 28. 71 ms ( 3. 93 + 2. 52 ms, m ? d ) 0 the results showed : l ) there were interactions between the neurons in the iso - frequency lamina and hetero - frequency lamina which included mutual inhibition ( 18 / 22, 81. 8 % ) and mutual facilitation ( 4 / 22, 18. 2 % ), and the mutual inhibition in iso - frequency lamina was stronger than that in hetero - frequency lamina ; 2 ) the mutual inhibition decreased with sound level increasing ( p < 0. 001, anova ) ; 3 ) the analysis of the inhibition of discharge rate at lodb above mt showed that the inhibition increased when the paired neurons " bfs difference decreased ( r = - 0. 545, p = 0. 0006 ) ; 4 ) the mutual inhibition of paired neurons can sharpen the frequency tuning and the effect increased when the frequency was away from the bf ; 5 ) the changes in q10, q30 decreased with bfs difference of the paired neurons increasing ; 6 ) the mutual facilitation between paired neurons not only increased discharge rate, but also widened the frequency tuning, i. e., increased response frequency
結果表明： 1 ）同頻層神經元之間或者非同頻層之間神經元之間存在相互作用，這種作用既有相互抑制（ 18對，佔81 . 8 ） ，也有相互易化（ 4對，佔18 . 2 ） ，且同頻層神經元之間的相互抑制作用較非同頻層神經元之間的相互抑制作用要強； 2 ）神經元對低刺激強度反應時，所受到的相互抑制作用較強，隨著聲刺激強度加大，抑制作用逐步降低（ p 0 . 001 ， anova ） ； 3 ）對閾上10db放電率抑制百分比進行的分析顯示，配對神經元之間的最佳頻率差越小，相互抑制作用越強（ r = - 0 . 545 ， p = 0 . 0006 ） ； 4 ）配對神經元之間通過相互抑制作用可表kx碩士學位論文waiaster 』 sthesis現出調諧銳化作用，該作用的效率與頻率有關， bf處的銳化作用較低，偏離bf時其銳化作用逐步加強； 5 ）頻率銳化作用的效率與bf差有關，隨著配對神經元之間的bf差擴亢q10 ， q30值的變化逐漸減小，其變化百分比與配對神經元之間的頻率差存在明顯相關； 6 ）配對神經元之間的相互易化作用不僅表現在放電率增加上，也表現在頻率調諧曲線的擴寬，即頻率響應范圍擴大。Research on cmos implementation of wlan transceiver rf front - end is done in this thesis. the transceiver uses the most used super - heterodyne architecture, its rf front - end consists of low noise amplifier, down - converter, up - converter, preamplifier, lo buffer and pll frequency synthesizer
本論文研究無線局域網收發機射頻前端的cmos實現，該收發機採用超外差式的拓撲結構，其射頻前端主要由低噪聲放大器、下變頻器、上變頻器、末前級、本地振蕩信號緩沖器和鎖相環型頻率合成器等模塊組成。The water supplying industry is a naturally monopolizing one concerned people ' s life and state ' s future, running - water is an unrepeatable product and essential to people. covering over 20 years of reform and opening policy ' s carrying out, china ' s water supplying industry has made great progress. however there is still a long distance compared with people ' s needs and foreign advanced level, the water - supplying enterprises must carry out a further reform before a greater promotion occurs
供水行業是一個關繫到國計民生的自然壟斷行業，自來水是人們生產生活必不可少的，不可替代的產品，我國自來水行業經過二十多年的改革開放，取得了巨大的發展，但與人民群眾的要求和外國先進水平相比仍存在較大的差距，行業與供水企業都必須進行深入的改革，才能取得進一步的發展，國家對行業提出了以構築競爭性市場為出發點，以規范管理為基礎，以提高行業效率和服務質量為目標的改革思路。In the paper a gmc filter with a cutoff frequency of 29. 8mhz is implemented. an effective improvement is made in cmfb ( common mode feedback ) through using a differential amplifier with four inputs. transconductors are tuned through comparing two voltages, which helps to stabilize the cutoff frequency
文中實現了跨導電容濾波器，其截止頻率達到29 . 8mhz ；採用四輸入端的差分放大器使共模反饋得到了有效的改善；通過簡單的電壓比較實現跨導器的調諧，有助於穩定截止頻率。The large c1 cap rolls off the gain of the regulator starting at a low frequency so that high frequency noise isn ' t amplified by the error amp
這個大的電容c1從一個較低的轉折頻率開始滾降，所以高頻噪音沒有被誤差放大器放大。Battery is the only power source for portable equipment. in order to prolong the service time of these battery - operated equipments, ultra - low - power consumption is demanded. the main method that decreases the power losses is to higher the conversion efficiency and to lower the operating voltage
開關變換器內包含了帶隙參考電壓源、誤差放大器、頻率補償電路、三角波產生電路、 pwm比較器以及數字邏輯控制電路，此晶元採用聯華電子公司0 . 6微米cmos工藝。分享友人