效率價格 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [xiàolǜjiàgé]
效率價格
英文
efficiency price-
In this paper, we study the trading model based on the project " the network market ", which was implemented by the chongqing electronic commerce inc and us. aiming at the shortage of trading model in " the network market ", we employ game theory and multi - criteria decision theory, introduce the matchmaking schema based on price and quantity into electronic commerce application, bring forward a market matchmaking trading model including five phases : market matchmaking, reinforce learning, biliteral negotiation, contract signing, contract executing. the main work and conclusion as follows : considering the behaviour of multi - buyers with multi - sellers, we realise a matchmaking model based on the price and quantity through double auction mechanism under discriminatory and non - discriminatory price situation, analyse the incentive compatibility and competitive equilibrium of the mechanism
主要研究成果如下:針對多個買家與多個賣家的交易行為，提出一種撮合交易模型?採用價格和數量作為撮合要素，以雙重拍賣機制為撮合手段，重點研究均價和差價形式下的實現機制，並對其激勵相容性和市場均衡進行理論分析?為增強市場效率，論文提出了一種針對雙重拍賣的學習機制，它以三參數學習模型為基礎進行改進，藉助交易歷史信息，實現交易代理的自我學習The result of this paper were : 1 ) the market mircrostructure of chinese stock is ' nt market maker, two - part stock can n ' t circulate and the scale of current stock is small, so, filling right effect make dividend event do n ' t diluate the price, the stock price could n ' t reach optimal price ; 2 ) the meanings of bid - ask speed in chinese has been changed, did n ' t reflect the real trade cost, only reflect the possible trade cost, contained desire of price popple, din n ' t belong absolute liquidity again ; 3 ) turnover rate is a liquidity ' s index, speculation ' s index too, which can explain one side of liquidity, but this index is defective in chinese stock market ; 4 ) martin index was decrescent when dividend event occurred, display the liquidity of stock was improved, so, the martin index is compatible index to measure chinese stock liquidity ; 5 ) stock dividend event affect the liquidity in the stock dividend day, stock dividend event can n ' t dividend event in the bulletin day ; 6 ) the quantity stock dividend and trend of stock market was significant factors that affect the liquidity
本研究的結論是： 1 ）中國股票市場的微觀交易結構並不是採取做市商制度，且2 3的股票不能流通，流通股規模很小，存在著股票股利事件后的快速「填權」效應，使股票價格快速回升，股票股利發放事件的稀釋價格作用無法發揮，也就無法達到「最適價格」 ； 2 ）中國股市的買賣價差的含義發生了變化，不再是實際交易成本的反映，只是可能交易成本的反映，因而很大程度上代表了股價的波動意願，並不具有完全意義上的流動性含義。 3 ）就換手率而言，它既是流動性的衡量指標，也是最常用的衡量投機性的指標。換手率指標只能說明流動性的一個側面，在中國衡量流動性是有缺陷的。( 2 ) after the establishment of the goal of socialist marketable economic system, market mechanism has began to play leading or important role in lots of economic fields, meanwhile the prices of most commodities become unloosed and modern enterprise system gets established. the reform of marketing not only brings energy into our economy, ameliorates allocation status of production - element and impro ves economic efficiency, but also changes the phenomenon of isomorphism of regional industry " to some extent
（ 2 ）社會主義市場經濟體制目標確立后，隨著我國絕大多數商品的價格逐步放開，現代企業制度逐步確立，市場機制開始在多數經濟領域起著主導或者重要作用，市場化改革在給經濟注入活力、改善要素配置狀況和提高經濟效率的同時，也會使我國區域間的產業同構現象發生一定程度的變化。Government ' s monopoly of capital market also leaded to the " shell " value of listed company which is irrelative to the company ' s invest value, which made the higher general price in the market. in addition to, the structure of investors which is consisting of many individual investors and few institution investors lets it easy to manipulate the stock market for the institution investors. according to the origins of the systematic risk, it is necessary to improve the market mechanism and market efficiency to eliminate the system root of the risk to decrease the risks
突出地表現在：資本市場服務于國企轉制，造成上市公司股權結構存在缺陷，致使公司治理失效，上市公司缺乏持續發展的能力，公司經營風險轉化為市場的系統性風險；政府對資本市場準入的行政性壟斷，形成上市公司「殼」價值，虛高股票市場價格，引發系統性風險；金融市場分割，特別是貨幣市場資金缺乏進入資本市場的正常渠道，利率市場化水平低，影響金融資產定價，導致違規融資盛行，加大了市場風險；而由於市場監管不到位，以散戶為主的投資主體結構，則易導致機構大戶利用內幕信息操縱股價，機構投資者的發展不僅沒有成為穩定市場的力量，反而成為操縱市場的主力，加劇了市場波動。In an attempt for an economic evaluation of the p - residual effect the following producer prices for food crops in indonesia have been converted into us dollar ( using an average exchange ratio between indonesia rupiah and us $ of 1, 925 : 1 ) : 1 kg rice = 225 r, 1 kg maize = 175 r, 1 kg soybean = 700 r, 1 kg mungbean = 1, 200 r
為了對磷的殘效作嘗試性的經濟評價，下列印尼糧食作物產品價格被折成美元（印尼盧比與美元比率為1925 ： 1 ） ： 1公斤水稻= 225盧比， 1公斤玉米= 175盧比， 1公斤大豆= 700盧比， 1公斤綠豆= 1200盧比。Discussion on shadow price on the basis of pareto efficiency
從帕累托效率談影子價格With this aim, this paper has made a comprehensive study on the problem of the land requisition in our country. armed with such renowned theories as the theory of property right application, land rent, public choice etc., the study has rendered a potent analysis of the problems involved in the current land requisition policy and their reasons. then, based on china ’ s realities, it advances its own proposal to renovate the current policy from various aspects including the nature and limitation, the procedure and the standard of compensations of the land requisition, that is, by means of a combination of enumeration and generalization, decide on a strict definition of public interests ; improve the procedure of the requisition of land under the principle of openness, justice and high efficiency ; set up the compensation standard with the market price as the baton while versified by other supplementary ways ; most importantly, clarify the property right of land
本文通過對土地徵用問題進行系統、深入的調查研究，針對當前我國土地徵用制度存在的主要缺陷和弊端，應用產權理論、地租理論、公共選擇理論、新制度經濟學中的路徑依賴理論以及其它相關理論分析土地徵用存在的問題及其原因，並結合國內外的先進經驗，立足本國實際，從征地性質與范圍的界定、征地程序的完善，以及征地補償標準的確定，提出了完善土地徵用制度的政策建議:採取列舉式和概括式相結合的方式，嚴格的界定「公共利益」范圍;樹立正當的程序觀念，按照公正、公開與效率的原則，完善征地程序;建立以市場價格為主的土地徵用補償標準，建立多樣化的征地補償方式等來解決我國征地中存在的問題，但最根本的是明晰土地產權從而進一步完善我國土地徵用制度。Improving the efficiencies and returns at each stage of beef cattle production, processing and marketing can lead to improved prices and returns at the household level, thus directly improving the livelihoods of women
提高肉牛生產加工和市場營銷的每個環節的效率和收益將提高產品價格和家庭收入，這樣將直接改善婦女的生活。In this paper, the newest empirical test of efficient market hypothesis ( emh ) was done in terms of the empirical test of capital asset pricing model ( capm ). because of the logical relationship between emh and capm, we tried to use a new method to find whether the emh theory is available in china ' s stock market. we did our research on the basis of emh ( efficient market hypothesis )
本文從資本資產定價模型出發，首先回顧了有效市場假說的理論以及國內學者在這一領域中的研究成果，其次用實證研究的方法檢驗了該模型在中國的適用性，得到的結論認為在目前階段中國股票市場還不適合用資本資產定價模型來確定資產價格，最後對中國股票市場效率不足的原因進行分析並提出政策性建議。And the existence of non - competitive return distorts signal at stock market, which results in inefficient allocation of capital factors ( the sixth chapter )
超額「非競爭收益」的存在，扭曲了股票市場價格信號，導致了資本要素低效率配置（第六章） 。Second, by applying econometrics and statistics to the study of signal assimilation efficiency and allocation efficiency of capital factors, this thesis discloses the unequilibrium features of stock market in china
第二，分別用計量經濟學方法和統計分析方法研究中國股票市場價格的信息吸收效率和資本要素配置效率，揭示了我國股票市場非競爭均衡特性。The third chapter is the positive analysis, in order to know how important the consumer regard the attribute of the sail sedan. furthermore define the market better, the paper here make a conjoint analysis case study about the sail sedan in shanghai gm. including public sector and private sector ' s utility analysis and relative importance of attribute analysis
本文在這一部分利用聯合分析方法作了上海通用汽車賽歐轎車市場案例研究。主要做了群體及個體的效用值和屬性相對重要性分析；市場細分及市場佔有率分析，和價格變動分析；最後提出應用中存在的問題和建議。Are china ' s stock markets really weak efficient, how to test the level of csms ' s efficiency, and how to improve the efficiency of csms are the urgent tasks of china ' s financial theory circle. this thesis is founded on these backgrounds above
而股票市場的有效性直接反映了資本能否根據股票市場形成的價格有效地進行資源再配置，因此，如何客觀地評判中國股票市場的效率水平，怎樣提高中國股票市場的有效性，以促進股票市場資源配置功能的有效發揮是一個亟待解決的重大課題。This convergence will be reflected in some appreciation in what economists call the real effective exchange rate of the renminbi against other currencies. this will take the form of appreciation in the nominal exchange rate observed in the spot market, most notably the one against the us dollar, currently the main reserve currency of the world
價格融合將會使經濟學家所指人民幣兌其他貨幣的實質有效匯率上升，這調整可以透過名義匯率，尤其是兌美元現時全球的主要儲備貨幣的匯價在現貨市場上升。Based on results of a lot of practical investigations, academic researches and comparisons of situations of real estate industry in changsha with that in other cities, this paper analyzes the present situations and existing problems of changsha ' s real estate industry and points out that the competition of foreign enterprises, the low degree of openness in renting system, the inefficiency in management, the conflicts of administration and practice, the lack of legal consciousness for agent serv ices, the nonstandardization of real estate management companies and the distemperedness in supervisory systems pose the outside threats ; ill managerial system, low technical level, small scales of companies, few measures for financing and marketing, poor quality and high prices of products pose the inside problems
本文在大量調查和理論研究的基礎上，分析了長沙市房地產業的現狀和問題，提出了長沙住宅市場需求量預測模型，並對2002年長沙住宅市場需求量進行預測，對長沙房地產業發展進行縱向和橫向比較，論述了外國企業進入中國房地產市場指日可待，論述了我國目前土地出讓制度不透明，政策管理手段繁雜、效率不高，規劃部門與房地產業的滯后與沖突，中介服務機構缺乏法律，物業管理公司無法可依，監控體系不健全等外部環境問題；論述了我國目前房地產企業規模偏小，管理體制乏力，技術力量薄弱，融資渠道狹窄，產品質量不高，產品規格不齊，價格偏高，以及營銷手段落後等內部環境等問題。In order to implementing these principles, firstly, the value and price of water resources have been studied separately, a model about the sustainable use relationship between value and cost has been funded and it is successfully used to the east route project of water transferring from south to north in china. secondly, the principles of initial allocation of regional water resources have been studied, in which the essential is to how to coordinate and resolve the relationship between efficiency and equity based on the principle of sustainable development. an allocation methodology that coordinates and takes account of the both has been formulated and the game theory has been used to analysis the conflicts between efficiency and equity in various allocation methods
本文的研究以可持續發展與水資源可持續利用的關系分析為著眼點，提出了水資源可持續利用的基本原則，為實現這些基本原則，進行了水資源價值與使用成本的研究，提出了價值與成本的可持續利用關系模型，並運用於南水北調東線工程的價格制定；進行了區域水資源初始分配原則的研究，其關鍵在於如何處理與協調可持續發展原則下的效率與公平性關系，本文提出了協調與兼顧兩者的分配原則，並採用博弈理論進行不同分配方式中效率與公平沖突的分析，結果為採用水市場加水資源費的分配模式，與數學分配模型一致。If changed to the ' supplying - logistics ', which means the price is based on the ex - factory price or the ex - warehouse price but getting rid of the transportation costs, and the transportation means can be chosen by the buyers, the efficiency of the logistics will be improved a lot so as to reduce the logistic cost
改為實施「供貨物流」 ，即按出廠價格或物流中心出庫價格計價，而將運輸費用剝離出來，交由買方自行支配，選擇不同的運輸方式，將大大提高物流效率，降低物流成本。It will also examine the efficiency, pricing and costs, degree of market access, and level of competition present in the provision of retail payment services and assess whether there are any significant concerns in these areas
此外，檢討將會探討零售支付服務的效率價格及成本，可供使用的容易程度，以及市場競爭的現況，從而評估這些環節是否存在任何重大的問題。Corporate division is an important method for improving management efficiency and optimizing organizing structure of company. it will aslo bring negative effect to the minority stockholder, creditor, especially it is exercised in the conversion of state - owned enterprises. in the process of conversion, stakeholders may have the heavy losses because of the unfair corporate division. so it is an important task for company law to protect the stakeholder ' s interests in division. our state also proscribes the protection of the stakeholder, but there exit a lot of problems in the clause of company law
公司分立具有提高公司經營專業化水平、降低內部管理成本等效率價值，成為公司組織再造的重要手段，而分立的結果會使公司在人格、財產、權利義務等許多方面發生深刻變化，給公司經營與發展造成重大影響，使作為利害關系人的中小股東、債權人受到較大影響，其利益有被侵害的危險。The first chapter reviews the theories and empirical literature on asymmetric effect of monetary policy. after reviewing the research history of asymmetric effect, we can find that there are four reasons to explain the existence of asymmetric effect, the asymmetric price adjustment, the credit constraints, the outlook changing, and two constraints ( reserve requirements and capital requirements ) theory. compared with overseas research, domestic scholars began to study asymmetric effect after 2000, most of their research focused on empirical analysis and few of them gave thorough explanation for empirical conclusion
各章節的主要內容和觀點如下:論文的第一章首先對貨幣政策非對稱效應的理論作了一個研究綜述，在追溯了貨幣政策非對稱效應研究的歷史沿革以後，具體歸納了目前為止西方學者歸納出的產生貨幣政策非對稱效應的四個主要原因，即信貸約束效應、預期效應、價格調整的非對稱效應、存款準備金率和資本充足率雙重約束效應。分享友人