文牘 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [wéndú]
文牘
英文
official documents and correspondence-
Findings are : ( 1 ) written word, chirography ' s development process : ja - gu - wen ( inscriptions on bone or tortoise shells ) jin - wen ( bronze inscription ) zhuan shu li shu ( an ancient style of calligraphy ), ( 2 ) material flux ' s affection process : bone bronze jian du ( wood, bamboo ), silk book ( silk ), stele carving ( stone ) paper, ( 3 ) technology flux ' s affection process : carve model cast write, ( 4 ) written - word use for common people, ( 5 ) chirography ' s artistic change ( change to calligraphy ), ( 6 ) difference and valuation of occupation or interest ( writing craftspeople and calligrapher )
研究結果如後述： （ l ）文字、書體的演變過程：甲骨文金文篆書隸書， （ 2 ）材料變遷的影響過程：甲骨青銅簡牘（木、竹） 、帛書（絲） 、碑刻（石）紙， （ 3 ）技術變遷的影響過程：契刻范鑄書寫， （ 4 ）文字使用的平民化， （ 5 ）書體的藝術化（書法化） ， （ 6 ）職業或興趣所形成的差異與評價（書匠與書法家） 。Also, without being actually positive, it struck him a great field was to be opened up in the line of opening up new routes to keep pace with the times apropos of the fishguard - rosslare route which, it was mooted, was once more on the tapis in the circumlocution departments with the usual quantity of red tape and dillydallying of effete fogeydom and dunderheads generally
此外，雖然不到具體實施的程度，他腦子里還浮現出一個想法：為了與時代步調一致，應開拓新天地，開辟新航路。恰當的例子就是菲什加德-羅斯萊爾航路82 。人們紛紛說，經交通省提出后，照例由於衙門冗繁的文牘主義，因循姑息，吊兒郎當，凈是蠢才，至今仍在反復審議中83 。He used to rail at the volume of paper work he had to do
他以前老是因為不得不做大量的文牘工作而發牢騷。The legal pavane included pages of discussion of whether begging is speech, or begging is behavior
判令里連篇累牘咬文嚼字地討論乞討是言論還是行為。Before the invention of paper, official documents were written on bamboo or wooden slips and sealed with clay
紙發明前，人們用竹木簡牘書寫公文信件，然後用泥封緘，在泥上加蓋印章，叫作「封泥」 。This paper elucidated, from the angle of the development history of our country ' s books, about the enormous and inestimable influence of the bamboo inscription in the respects of our country ' s chinese literal development, origination of many vocabulary 、 calligraphic ways and book system formation 、 and of the preservation for ancient cultural relics and so on
摘要本文從我國書籍發展史的角度，論述了竹木簡牘對我國漢字的發展、詞匯的產生、書寫形式及書籍制度的形成、古代文化遺產的保存等方面所產生的巨大的、不可估量的影響。Han river and chu country in the inscriptions on bronze and bamboo slips
金文簡牘中的漢水與楚國Attempt at official document writing in tang dynasty
試論唐代的公牘文寫作And so on, adopting the studying method of combining macrocosmic and microcosmic, dynamic and static state each other, the paper carrys through a in - depth comprehensive study of the whole commercial law system of ming dynasty in order to open out its inherent structure, basic function and running mechanism. looking the ming " commercial law as a representative example, the paper explores the particularity and the orderliness of development of chinese feudalism legal system
本文以明代法典、名臣奏議、律學著作、司法檔案、判牘、契約、訟師秘本等內容豐富的法制史料為主要依據，採用宏觀與微觀、動態與靜態相結合的研究方法，對明代整個商事法制體系進行深入的綜合性研究，以揭示其內在結構、基本功能和運行機制。There began to appear in the magazines of france and america a succession of articles.
這時起，在法國和美國的一些雜志上就連篇累牘地出現了各式各類的文章。His lengthy and tedious article drew little response
他連篇累牘的文章沒有引起什麼反應。Just from these works, we can find out the document carrier that scholar ' s writing was used in the tang dynasty : one that is except traditional wooden tablet or slip for writing, paper, stone, wall etc., non - traditional document carrier occupy sizable proportion too, for instance leaf, screen, fan, etc
正是從這些作品中，我們可以看出唐代文人寫作所用的文獻載體：除了傳統的像簡牘、紙、石、壁等之類，非傳統文缺載體也?據著相當大的比例，如樹葉、屏風、扇等。Texts of dunhuang shuyi have precious value on the research of the letter wording, because in the history of the development of letter they continued from han, wei and six dynasties and followed by song, yuan, ming and qing, the vocabulary in them carried on the traditions of letter in wei and jin dynasties and brought about a new standard of letter in song and yuan dynasties
敦煌書儀在書札發展史上前承漢魏六朝，后啟宋元明清，其中語匯既承襲了魏晉書帖的遺風，又創立了宋元尺牘的新范，在書札用語的研究上具有非常寶貴的價值。本文首次對敦煌書儀的語言進行了全面研究。分享友人