時際變率 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [shíjìbiànlǜ]
時際變率
英文
interhourly variability-
And then facing the problem of the channel estimation of the adaptive modulation system, we conclude out the channel estimation algorithms on maximum likelihood ( ml ) estimation and maximum a posteriori ( map ) estimation under the condition of flat fading channel and selective fading channel in detail. to meet flat fading channel, we simulate the relationship of the ratio between the error covariance in map estimation and ml estimation and pilot symbol message length. the conclusion can be drawn from these results
接著，對自適應調制系統中的通道估計問題難點，詳細推導了平衰落通道條件下和選擇性衰落通道條件下最大似然（ ml ）估計和最大后驗概率（ map ）估計演算法，針對平衰落通道，我們模擬了map估計和ml估計的方差與導頻符號長度的關系，模擬結果表明，錯誤方差受多譜勒頻率的變化影響最大，並且對實際的自適應調制系統，導頻符號長度的取值超過20個符號長度時， map通道估計明顯優于ml通道估計。Charted with them, and guangzhou time units was preliminarily analyzed as well. secondly, the author introduced the way and the signification of temporal position analyse with examples. thirdly, taking on - the - spot survey method as a practical tool, the author obtained data of temporal distance between each time unit at the verge of different urban districts and the central time unit of the city
論文以廣州市為實證研究的對象，對廣州的市區范圍進行了時間單元的劃分並繪制出了時間單元圖，同時對廣州的時間單元滿意率進行了簡單的分析；接著以實例介紹了時間區位分析的方法和意義；然後利用實際測量法，在不同時間段測得廣州市時間中心到城建連片區各邊界點的時間距離，繪制出時間廓線，得出廣州市城建連片區的時間形態現狀及時間形態的日變化規律。According the original thoughts, this paper circumstantiates how to carry this theory into chinese practice and how to eliminate the fundamental shortcomings if foreign standards applied mechanically. therefore, in a creative way, this paper establishes a feasible eva appraisal system according to chinese listed companies " character and demonstrates it on some listed companies, such as sichuan changhong co. ; tsingtao brewery company ; and harbor line companies. in one word, this paper wishes to provide a set of more practical and predictable standard in comparison with roe and eps
本論文正是根據其理論，首先著重對目前如何將經濟增加值實際運用於評估中國上市公司業績，進行針對性的分析和探討，從而逐步剔除機械套用國外指標體系的根本性缺陷，然後按照中國證券投資市場的特徵，創造性地建立一套符合中國實情地指標體系，同時運用這一指標體系對四川長虹、青島啤酒以及整個港口行業的上市公司五年間的業績變化情況做了仔細的運算和分析，並與現行的凈資產收益率、每股收益進行實證分析、比較，以期為上市公司業績評價提供一種更有預見性、更可行的指標體系。Abstract : in the research of internal combustion engine, recordingin - cylinder pressure and temperature is an essential technique to study the thermal cycle of internal combustion engine. the combustion analyzer developed in this study will give both the measurements at sampling points per crank angle or sampling cycle, calculate and show the real time parameters which decide the working process of internal combustion engine, such as pressure accelerating rate, indicateed mean effective pressure, cycle - to - cycle variation, heat release rate, etc. compared with the imported congeneric products, the analyzer has many advantages such as chinese interface, low price, easy operateing, convenience in maintainance and easy upgrading
文摘:為了測錄內燃機缸內的壓力及溫度，開發了一種內燃機燃燒分析儀.該分析儀由國產高速數據採集卡及自行開發的控制軟體組成.它不僅能精確設置每度曲軸轉角內采樣點的個數和採集循環數，而且在採集過程中能實時計算和表徵內燃機工作過程的壓力升高率、平均指示壓力、循環變動率、放熱率等參數.經實際使用以及與國外產品相比表明，此分析儀具有全中文界面、價格低、操作簡單、使用維護方便、功能便於擴充等優點The space - time distribution of chinese semi - ari d region surface water is n ' t even, the differences in a year are obvious ; the differences of underground water between years are not so obvious as surface water, but it still has a decreasing tendency, especially in shanxi and sha ' anxi provinces. there is a significant linear correlation between the precipitation and water resources in semi - arid region, the dynamic regularity of water resources is basically same as the dynamic regularity of precipitation
半乾旱地區地表水資源時空分佈不均勻，年內分配差別大，地下水資源年際間變化率不大，但總體有減少的趨勢，尤以陜西和山西突出。半乾旱地區降水量與水資源量線性相關顯著，降水量的變化規律基本上與水資源量的變化規律吻合。In this article, considering the character of the one - dimensioned continuum and the cross - section, the varied quotiety of the strain can be presented as the mode function to identify the damage. and inversion of the elastic wave is presented to detect the injures when the area is the variable of the inversion, for the pip usually buried under the earth or enwrapped into the protection make the detection difficulty by the mode of vibrancy. the influence of the area must be considered if the exactness is the pre - requisition
在論文中，考慮到壓力管道的一維性質，提出用應變模態改變變化率的方法對一維的結構進行損傷識別；同時考慮到在實際的工程和現場測試中，壓力管道大多深埋在地下或者有外在的保護膜，不宜進行模態的檢測，所以也考慮利用彈性波的方法對壓力管道的性質參數和截面性質進行反演識別，從而得到我們感興趣的東西，達到損傷識別；一般，在利用彈性波反射方法進行損傷檢測中，不考慮截面效應對彈性波的衰減影響，這就對損傷檢測造成一定的影響，本文考慮截面效應的影響，通過實驗來確定截面效應系數。This paper analyzes the factors affecting the controlling precision of sand compactibility system and sets up the dynamic model of regression coefficient between sand compactibility and water content. to prevent the insufficiency or excess of sand water content, the amount of the first addition is set as 80 % of the total water addition amount. after the first water addition, we adopt ar model to predict the stable value of sand compactibility to shorten the time mixing the sand. each time we add water, the correction coefficient is introduced to adapt to the change in the composition of sand. the experiment shows that the mathematics model not only makes the water content in sand reach the best range within shorter time, but also directs how the sand composition should be adjusted, which can better conform to the actual situation
分析了影響型砂緊實率控制精度的因素，建立了型砂緊實率-水分回歸系數的動態模型.為防止型砂水分不足或過量，將第一次加水量設定為總加水量的80 .第一次加水后，對型砂緊實率穩定值採用ar模型進行預測，以縮短型砂混制時間.每次加水后，引入修正系數，以適應型砂組成的變化.實驗表明，該數學模型不僅使型砂水分含量在較短時間內達到最佳范圍，同時可指示對型砂組成進行調整，能較好地符合實際情況In all kinds of complicated network, oriented linking and unlinking, communication frequency resource is strained, and bandwith to transmitting audio frequency signal is too restricted, complicated and fluky, while audio frequency data exponential have been increased in the last several years. under the circumstances, based on the research of predecessor, this paper studies wavelet analysis ' s maths gist and practices significance on signal process, and puts forward a optimized wavelet package condensation arithmetic to process audio frequency data, which gives attention to coding efficiency, multirate and compression delay. simulation experiment on the arithmetic has been done by matlab
針對無連接和面向連接的各種復雜網路環境下，通信頻帶資源緊張，音頻傳輸帶寬有限且復雜多變，而各種音頻數據又日益增多的局面，本文研究小波分析在信號處理方面的數學依據和在數據壓縮方面的實際意義，在前人不斷工作的基礎上，提出了一種優化小波包變換編碼方案用於音頻數據的壓縮演算法，兼考慮了編碼效率、多碼率和壓縮時延多個方面，並在matlab環境下做了模擬實驗，對各種音頻信號及多種小波函數做了模擬結果比較，實驗結果證明該演算法可以在一定計算復雜度下可以很好地改進壓縮效果，達到多碼率下實現實時編解碼的過程，在高速dsp晶元等硬體設備支持下，可以有效應用於實際復雜多變信源編碼。Presents the steady - state programming with constant coolant average temperature and constant live steam pressure, an ideal programming for marine nuclear power plant ( npp ), under which, both the coolant average temperature and the live steam pressure of nuclear steam supply system ( nsss ) are constant when the steady state operating condition is varied, and points out that in comparison with the steadysate programming with constant coolant average temperature, the ideal programming can improve the overall operating performance of npp effectively, especially in low - load range, for instance, raise the heat efficiency of npp, decrease the operating noise of main coolant pump, and improve the conditions of design, operation and control of the secondary loop system
雙恆定運行方案是船用壓水堆核動力裝置的理想運行方案.在這種運行方案下，當裝置穩態功率變化時，冷卻劑平均溫度與蒸汽壓都保持不變，與通常採用的冷卻劑平均溫度恆定運行方案相比，有效地改善了核動力裝置的總體運行性能，特別是在低負荷運行時，可以提高裝置經濟性、降低主泵運行噪聲、改善二迴路系統的設計、運行和控制條件，這對于提高船用核動力裝置的運行可靠性和安全性具有實際意義This article imports tpm action in product department 1 of the hongta group, based on researching and analyzing tpm, combining experience of enterprises that succeed in tpm action, the fact of product department 1 of the hongta group. mainly research the building tpm action system and implements tpm action in detail according to the whole project. confirm to implement tpm action from 3 ways : improving pattern action, saving from damage independently and maximizing benefit action. implement tpm action by improving pattern action, saving from damage independently, improving continuously based on 5s action. analyze deeply the necessity and difficulty in implementing tpm action, build the active system that is practical and efficient. resolve the problems in implementing tpm action in state - owned enterprise. form a set of equipment management new mode combining functionary wardship system - that make all employees join in actively, pay attention to the basic maintenance and nip in the bud, with group activity independent. it will do well in improving equipment integrative efficiency and enhancing enterprise livingness. more importantly enterprise is changed from consciousness to building system of avoiding calamity, badness and waste by using efficient method on management of equipment, basing on human, enhancing participance of all employees
在tpm活動體系建立的研究中，深入分析了推動tpm活動的必要性和困難，確立了既切合實際又行之有效的活動體系。在活動推進實施的研究中，解決了國有企業推進tpm活動遇到的一些問題。形成了一套全員參與，注重基礎保養，防患於未然的職務性的監護制度和自主小組活動相結合的設備管理新模式，因而對提高設備綜合效率和增強企業活力起到了巨大的促進作用，更重要的是使企業從意識轉變到使用有效手段進行設備管理，以人為本，增強了全員參加意識，構築了防止災害、不良、浪費的體系，同時促進了企業設備管理理念的根本轉變。However, the divergence of regional ecomomy divergence in henan province became more and more obvious from 1992 to 2002 and should be paid necessary attention. according to the statistical analysis of regional economy developmeht, especially in county level, with 127 county of henan province, this article discusses quantitatively and qualitatively the characteristics of dynamic variation and the spatial pattern of regional economic differences and relationship between growth rato of gdp per capital and economic differences from 1992 to 2002
本文以河南省的127個縣域為研究的區域單元，以計量統計分析為基礎，定性、定量描述了自1992年到2002年的縣際經濟差異，分析了縣際經濟差異格局特點，探討了縣際經濟差異的時間動態變化特徵，預測了未來發展階段的縣際經濟差異和2002年的人均gdp值，討論了人均gdp增長率與縣際經濟差異的關系。And some experts even believe, the trend in the development of the iax system was, for quite some time, towards keeping high statutory tax rates, but simultaneously provide generous tax incentives tha t reduced the tax base. the basic asymmetry of tax system may favor large concerns, which may be in a better position to take advantage of the provisions in the tax code in certain states of nature. the result may be lower expected average and marginal tax rates, and a lower cost of capital, compared to newer and smaller companies
更有學者認為，在以往很長一段時間里，稅制的發展趨勢是高法定稅率，同時附加大量稅收激勵來縮小稅基，稅制的這種基本不對稱性對大公司有利，可以面對低預計平均和邊際稅率以及低資本成本，然而大公司基於其擴張性的組織結構，與富有彈性的內容提要小公司相比，它轉變供求狀況的適應能力相對遲緩，那麼偏祖于大公司的稅收政策可能會阻礙宏觀經濟增長率和結構調整。Data used in this work are north pacific ssta, 160 stations precipitation of china, and ncep reanalysis data. main results are as follow : ( 1 ) it is found that a apparent transition of north pacific ssta in later 1970 ' s : eastern and middle - equatorial pacific ssta turns from cold to warm with area extending, and mid - latitude pacific ( west wind drift zone ) turns from warm to cold. during this transition of ssta, different characters also appear in el nino and la nina : before 1976, la nina happens more frequently, and its duration is longer, el nino zone develops from negative ssta in the early stage ; after 1976, el nino happens a little bit frequent and longer with more intensity than before, el nino zone develops from positive ssta in the early stage ; the course of ssta variation has an enso cycle of 2 - 6 years, annual oscillation of 8 - 9 years, and decadal variation of about 22 years
本文採用1950 - 1999年北太平洋海表溫度（ sst ） 、中國160站夏季降水和ncep再分析的歐亞500hpa高度場等資料，利用eof 、 svd 、小波分析、合成分析和相關分析等方法，在分析北太平洋海溫時空分佈特徵的基礎上，著重探討了海溫異常及其年代際變化對我國東部降水的影響，並對降水、高度場和海溫三者之間的關系進行了分析，以試圖尋找三者異常之間可能的聯系，主要結論如下： （ 1 ） 1976年前後，北太平洋海溫經歷了一次明顯的轉變，赤道中、東太平洋厄爾尼諾海區由冷轉暖，暖水范圍增大，中緯度西風漂流區海溫由暖轉冷；在這樣的年代際背景下，厄爾尼諾、拉尼娜事件在不同的時期也有不同的特徵：在76年前，拉尼娜事件發生頻率高，持續時間長，事件起始於負海溫距平；而76年後，則是厄爾尼諾事件發生頻率略高，持續時間長，強度增大，事件起始於正海溫距平。There is the same characteristics of interannual and interdecadal variation between the first characteristic vecter and corresponding percent of the rainfall anomaly ; the second characteristic vecter which is the most obvious in may has interannual variable characteristics in each month
華北春季及各月降水量第一特徵向量和相應時期的降水距平百分率具有相同的年際及年代際變化特徵；春季及各月的第二特徵向量均存在年際變化特徵， 5月最明顯。Results of vmd experiments indicate that flux increases when feed temperature, feed rate and vacuum degree increase. but the increase of flux becomes slowly when feed rate reaches 60l. h - 1 ; flux increases with pore size rapidly, but rejection approaches zero when pore size reaches 0. 5m
實驗表明，隨進料溫度、進料流速、冷側真空度的增大，膜通量增大；但進料流速增大到60l . h - 1之後，通量隨進料流速的增長變緩；膜通量隨孔徑較快地增大，但當膜平均孔徑達到0 . 5m時，截留率迅速降低，已無實際意義。As the targets flying in groups may spread over several range of cells and their doppler frequencies are time *. varying, a scheme of target number detection in groups on a conventional low *. resolution radar is proposed based on a time *. range *. doppler image cube which is constructed by substituting a time *. frequency transform for the fourier transform in the conventional range *. doppler imaging
針對實際編隊目標在距離上的分佈特性和目標多普勒頻率的變化規律，利用聯合時頻變換代替傳統傅立葉變換，建立目標時間-距離-多普勒立體像，提出一種基於立體像的目標架次檢測方法。The biggest diurnal albedo is 0. 24 and the smallest 0. 11. moreover, the peak occurs on the day that radiation is very strong and the soil surface is dry and the valley appears on the day that rainfall is much more before this day and the soil water content of upper layer is high
就反射率的日際變化而言，最大反射率為0 . 24 ，最小為0 . 11 ，相差一倍以上，其峰值均出現在輻射比較強，地表比較乾燥的日期，而谷底一般是在前期降雨較大，表層土壤濕潤時出現。Embedded coding schemes are snr scalable, and, even farther, which are essential in transmission of image and video on internet
嵌入編碼具有率伸縮特性，很適合在帶寬隨時延變化的網際網路上使用。The annual number of days with heavy rain has increased at a rate of about 0. 4 per decade, from about 5 days in the 1950s to about 6 days in the 1990s. here heavy rain means rainfall exceeding 30 mm in an hour, the criterion for amber rainstorm warning. this increase is far less than the year - to - year fluctuation of the number of heavy rain days ranging from 1 to 13 days per year
戰後天文臺總部的記錄顯示，大雨的出現率輕微上升，每年出現大雨一小時雨量超過30毫米的日數每10年上升約0 . 4天，即由50年代的約5天增至90年代的約6天左右，不過要注意這個上升數值遠小於年際變化由每年1天至每年13天不等。Thus in terms of the structure of interest rate periods in micro financial market, a macro analysis of the long - term economic fluctuation in our country slams that the relative variables following the transition from rise to fall of economic operation periods distribute respectively in rate of inflation > nominal interest rate > actual interest rate and rate of inflation > nominal interest rate > actual interest rate, the reason of which lies in the adjustment of nominal interest rate falling behind the wave of inflation rate both in time and in scale
將微觀金融市場的利率期限結構方法引入中國長期經濟波動和宏觀分析，會發現經濟周期上行和向下轉折之後相關變量間分別存在通貨膨脹率名義利率實際利率和通貨膨脹率名義利率實際利率，其原因在於名義利率調節無論在時間和幅度上都落後于通貨膨脹率變動。分享友人