最外層表面 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zuìwàicéngbiǎomiàn]
最外層表面 英文
outermost surface
  • 最 : 副詞（表示某種屬性超過所有同類的人或事物） most; best; worst; first; very; least; above all; -est
  • 外 : Ⅰ名詞1 （外面） outside; external side 2 （外國） foreign country 3 （以外） besides; beyond; in ...
  • 層 : i 量詞1 （用於重疊、積累的東西 如樓層、階層、地層） storey; tier; stratum 2 （用於可以分項分步的...
  • 表 : Ⅰ名詞1 （外面;外表） outside; surface; external 2 （中表親戚） the relationship between the child...
  • 面 : Ⅰ名詞1 （頭的前部; 臉） face 2 （物體的表面） surface; top 3 （外露的一層或正面） outside; the ri...
  • 表面 : surface; superficies; boundary; face; rind; sheet; skin; outside; appearance
  1. And it can be divided into four phases of urban tourism of china, in which there are different characteristics. ( 2 ) the evolutive rules of urban tourism of china are as follows : 1 ) the exoteric extent of tourism notion is more and more swell ; 2 ) the form of urban tourism renovate with the development of cities ; 3 ) the layout of urban tourism inner and outer is from close and complanate to exoteric and tridimensional ; 4 ) the sustaining system of urban tourism is from absent to as clear as a bell, and will reach a rational and advanced extent. 5 ) the social delamination of urban tourism is form stern to syncretic ; 6 ) the evolvement tendency of urban tourism should be generalized as a curve of accumbent " s ", which present a course makes up of low - grade development, high - speed development and balanced development

    主要觀點歸納如下： （ 1 ）城市旅遊是基於城市的發展而發展的，中國城市旅遊可分為古代、近代、現代和后現代四個階段，分別對應於前工業文明時期的城市旅遊、工業文明萌芽時期的城市旅遊、全面建設工業文明和后工業文明因素初露端倪時期的城市旅遊，以及邁向信息時代的城市旅遊，其間體現出不同的城市旅遊發展特徵； （ 2 ）經歷不同發展的時期，中國城市旅遊表現出如下的演進規律： 1 ）城市旅遊觀念開放程度逐漸增強，對城市旅遊的容納度日趨加大，對城市旅遊地位的認識從忽視到關注再成為生活的必要因素； 2 ）旅遊形式從單一走向多元，新的旅遊形式隨城市發展層出不窮； 3 ）城市旅遊的內外部空間聯系從封閉平面走向開放立體，達到網路化、連綿化、分區化、立體化布局； 4 ）城市旅遊支持系統從缺失走向健全，達到理性高端； 5 ）城市旅遊社會分層從森嚴走向融合，經歷了「小眾旅遊」 、 「大眾旅遊」 ，最終發展到「全民旅遊」 ； 6 ）城市旅遊產業演變態勢可以概括為一條橫臥的「 s 」曲線，表現為低開?高走?平穩發展。
  2. Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

    基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。
  3. In october 1991 it was reported that the ozone shield, which protects the earth ' s surface from harmful ultraviolet10 radiation, had dwindled11 to the lowest level recorded over antarctica since 1975 when measurements were first taken

    據報道， 1991年10月，南極上空防止地球表面遭受有害紫外線輻射的臭氧層，萎縮至1975年開始有測量記錄以來的最低點。
  4. Firstly this paper points out that the mainstream value investment theories limits to some stratifications, such as market, business or product, technology and administrative levels, but it neglects the organizational idiosyncracy of the crux of the value factor, and it ' s better essence, better deep, better lasting than others. secondly this paper inducts and introduces collins " organizational idiosyncracy ideas, points out the importance of value investment theories " development ; and then establishes investigating index system of organizational idiosyncracy, through the way that from the surface to the core achieved a comprehensive summary of its external demonstrations in a large degree. to approve the effectiveness and operativeness of the investment index system in its application, this paper has chosen the specific cases in various corporations of different industries both at home and abroad, and made a various analysis of them, so that affirmed the advance and feasibility of the organizational idiosyncracy investment methods

    本文首先指出主流價值投資思想主要局限於市場、業務（產品） 、技術和管理層等層次，而忽視了組織特質這一更本質、更深層、更持久的關鍵價值因素；其次引入並評價了柯林斯的組織特質思想，指出了它對投資思想發展的意義；然後形成了一套組織特質的評價指標體系，利用該體系由表及裡的，在最大程度上實現了對組織特質的全面概括；同時為了證實該指標體系的有效性，選取了國外公司、我國不同行業的不同公司進行了個案分析，通過對不同組織特質狀況企業的多角度分析確認了組織特質投資方法的先進性和可行性；最後對組織特質投資方法的適用性和局限性予以了總結。
  5. So this paper tries to solve these problems through the following work : first, we select some index to valuate the close - end funds, including income, stability, risk in falling, stocks selecting ability and tuning ability, based on overseas funds valuation methods and domestic market condition ; second, we analyze the stability of all index and form two styles index, which are f and other bad stability index ; then, we form the valuation system, including two - layers index, which are p and factor score ; last, we use this system to analyze the close - end funds which came into existence before 2000 and get the final comparative result. the main intention of this paper is to create the system of valuating close - end funds in our country, which is comprehensive and objective. in my valuation system involving the period from 2000 to 2003, the funds as a whole performs inferior to the stock index

    首先，對國外理論界經典成型的、以及前沿的基金評價指標和評價方法進行了詳細的分析，並結合我國的基金市場狀況，選取了可以衡量基金收益、穩定性、下跌風險、股票選擇能力、時機選擇能力等量化指標；其次，根據我國基金分析的需要，採用了諸如基金交易價格、換手率等二級市場表現指標；然後，對這些指標進行了時間延續性分析，檢測這些指標在運用到我國基金市場時能否有效預測基金未來表現，從而形成了兩類指標：時間延續性很好的s _ p和時間延續性不好的其它所有指標；再次，在以上工作的基礎上形成了由兩個層面的指標構成的我國證券投資基金評價體系： s _ p和因子分析中綜合因子得分值；最後，選取了我國2000年1月1日前成立的23隻封閉式基金作為樣本，並同時採用上證a股與深成a股兩個基準組合進行了3年樣本期的實證分析，得出了最終的比較性評價結果。
  6. On the basis of the study of the theory and appraise method on land use in the small towns from home and abroad, this paper at first conducts a deep study on the development and role of the small towns, indicating that its development has sawn an uneven development phrase and becomes a carrier of the enterprises, a pool of surplus laborers, a hub of material exchanges between the rural and urban areas, a base of spiritual civilization, an important way to achieve urbanization. second, it conducts a study on the situation and features and the problems the land use, indicating that the efficiency of the land use is low, which has a direct influence on the development of agriculture and the role of the small towns. and the study of the demand of the land indicates the shortage of land is serious, and the small town must rationally use the land and increases its intensive role and the economical efficiency to meet the demand

    在分析國內外已有關于小城鎮土地利用的理論與評價方法的基礎上，首先對小城鎮在我國的發展、地位和作用進行了深入的分析，判明我國小城鎮發展經歷了一個曲折向上的發展階段，已成為鄉鎮企業的載體，農村剩餘勞動力的蓄水池，城鄉物資交流的樞紐，農村精神文明的基地，是我國城市化的重要途徑；其次，對小城鎮土地資源利用現狀和特徵進行了探討，並對發展小城鎮建設導致的土地利用問題進行了剖析，表明目前我國大多數小城鎮土地效益和規模效益低下，佔用耕地過多，直接影響農業的發展，影響小城鎮的地位和作用；通過小城鎮土地供需分析研究表明，我國土地短缺十分嚴峻，小城鎮土地需求缺口較大，小城鎮必須合理利用現有土地，增強集約功能和土地經濟效益，從而緩解需求壓力；最後，論文通過運用特爾菲法，描述統計分析法、多元統計分析（主成分分析）法和系統分析法中的層次分析法（ ahp ）等一系列方法，結合定性和定量兩方面，從土地質量、土地資源數量與結構、土地經濟效益、環境效益、社會效益等五個方面進行分析，篩選、建立了土地資源利用評價指標體系，在因子評價的基礎上，建立了土地利用綜合評價模型，並給出了評價過程和方法。
  7. Present methods generally based on the statistics of earthquake damage, expert experiences, theory analysis and experimental researches have obvious advantages, disadvantages and certain scopes of application ; ( 2 ) different prediction methods should be adopted against different building conditions, sites, intensity and experiences etc to predict earthquake damage of buildings for prospective accuracy, dependability and availability ; ( 3 ) earthquake damage matrix, which is the foundation of earthquake damage prediction, of 7 kinds of building in the urban areas of zhangzhou city under intensity 6 to 9 has been set up. the damage conditions of different buildings under different intensity are as followings : all kinds of structures are basically intact under intensity 6 ; the reinforced concrete structures are basically intact under intensity 7, but other kinds of structures are destroyed slightly ; the reinforced concrete structures are still basically intact while other kinds of structures are destroyed intermediately under intensity 8 ; the reinforced concrete structures are destroyed slightly, single - story factories and open houses are destroyed intermediately and other kinds of structures are destroyed seriously under intensity 9 ; ( 4 ) the results of earthquake damage predicting of buildings embody the damage when earthquake happens in the future. thus, further identifications and reinforcements should be considered to buildings that will be destroyed intermediately or more under the earthquake with 10 % exceeding probability in future 50 years ; ( 5 ) the direct economic losses caused by damage of buildings resting with the area, structural type, intensity and damage of all kinds of buildings are the main part of the losses of the city in an earthquake ; ( 6 ) the direct economic losses increased progressively toward high intensity by 2 or 3 times

    基於上述研究，得出的主要結論有：建築物震害預測是一個模糊的、系統的、復雜的問題，現有的方法很多一般都是以震害統計規律、專家經驗、理論分析和試驗研究為依據，有其自身的優缺點和一定的適用范圍；應針對不同的建築物條件、場地條件、地震強度和已有經驗等，採用不同的預測方法進行建築物震害預測，以使預測結果達到預期的精確性、可靠性和可操作性；建立了漳州市區7類建築物在6度9度地震作用下的震害矩陣，成為指導抗震防災的重要依據，各類結構的震害情況表現為： 6度地震作用下各類建築物基本完好； 7度地震作用下除鋼筋混凝土結構基本完好外其餘以建築輕微破壞為主； 8度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構仍以基本完好為主而其餘建築以中等破壞為主； 9度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構以輕微破壞為主，單層工業廠房和空曠房屋以中等破壞為主，其餘建築以嚴重破壞為主；建築物的震害預測結果體現了未來地震來臨時的震害程度，在編制漳州市區抗震防災規劃時，對于遭遇50年超越概率10的地震影響發生中等以上破壞的建築物應考慮進行抗震鑒定和加固；由建築物的破壞所造成的直接經濟損失是城市地震經濟損失的主要部分，重慶大學碩士學位論文中文摘要其主要與建築物總面積、結構類型、地震烈度和各類建築物的震害程度有關;不同烈度造成的直接經濟損失按2一3倍向高烈度方向遞增，漳州市區直接經濟損失由6度至9度的比例關系為1 : 2 . 8 : 8 . 6 : 22 . 8 ;遭遇基本地震設防烈度（ 7度）時，漳州市區直接經濟損失約4 . 5億元，無家可歸人員約40000人，且以磚木結構和多層磚混結構的震害損失最大;地震造成的人員傷亡主要與建築物倒塌及嚴重破壞的程度和總面積以及震時的建築物室內人數密切相關，地震時無家可歸人員主要與住宅倒塌、嚴重破壞及中等破壞的程度和總面積以及城市人均居住面積密切相關。
  8. Heat fluxes estimated from radiative temperature by this model is more accurate than other regular corrective methods. two - layer model has been proposed for many years but was difficult to apply in remote sensing because component temperature were unavailable in traditional thermal sensors. a new airborne multi - angular thermal sensor system and retrieved soil and canopy temperatures were used to solve two - layer model, and the simulated heat fluxes show much better accuracy than the results from one - layer model especially above dry surfaces

    雙層模型雖然提出很多年了，但在應用中一直存在信息不足，求解困難的問題，本文用最新多角度熱紅外遙感數據? ? ? amtis系統反演的組分溫度，首次實現了雙層模型在遙感中的應用，結果表明，在輸入參數精度相近的情況下，雙層模型模擬的通量誤差遠小於單層模型，尤其在土壤乾旱，表面溫度較高的地表，雙層模型的理論優勢在計算中表現得更加突出。
  9. As a protective film, the passivation technique which consists of ( nh4 ) 2sx solution as pretreatment, and then low - temperature ( 80 ) sinx film, finally high - temperature sinx film should be adopted

    在此基礎上提出了較佳的鈍化條件：先以濕法硫鈍化作為gaas器件表面鈍化，再用低溫（ 80 ~ ） sin _ x膜保護硫鈍化表面，最外層淀積高溫（ 230 ） sin _ x膜。
  10. The effect of polarons on the luminescence properties of quantum dots ( qds ) is an important problem in qd research and applications. we review the recent progress in the concept, possibility and size dependent energy variance of confined polarons in various qds. we suggest that the formation of polarons is related to intrinsic and / or extrinsic phonons and that the idea of confined polarons that we recently proposed can be used to explain the specific spectrscopic characteristics of oxidized nanosilicon systems, even single nanosilicon structures. this model may help to reveal the luminescence mechanism of porous silicon

    量子點中的極化子效應是當前量子點研究中的重要問題，其特徵急需了解.文章在綜述了量子點中限域極化子的概念、可能性和能量隨尺寸的變化規律之後，提出了界面限域極化子模型，該模型首次指明本徵聲子和外來聲子都可能對界面限域極化子的形成有貢獻.作者利用此模型分析了多孔硅體系中的光譜特徵，證實了表面覆有氧化層的納米硅的行為十分符合量子限域極化子的特徵.這一極化子模型與單個納米硅結構的發光譜十分一致，此結果對最終揭示多孔硅發光機理有重要意義
  11. The company is a sino - foreign joint - venture enterprise, incorporating smelting, electroslog, refining, forging, steel rolling and tool manufacturing. it has production lines for high speed steel, mould steel, hss circular saw blades, face - sides cutters, mould, blocks, pre - hard fine plate, garden knives, alloy special cutters and planer knives, as well as six production lines for heat treating. the nano coating center is production base for tool & mould steel productions in domestic

    公司是一家集冶煉、電渣重熔、鍛造、軋鋼、精整、工具製造於一體的中外合資企業，擁有高速鋼、冷、熱作模具鋼生產線，高速鋼圓鋸片、三面刃銑刀、模具預硬精板、木工刨刀生產線，高溫熱處理、表面鍍層研發加工中心，是國內最專業的工模具鋼製品化生產基地。
  12. The intrinsic carrier concentration reduces when decreasing the v / iii ratio. the high quality of in0. 53gao. 47as can be obtained at the range of 10 - 30 seconds of exchange time between ashs and phs. when the thickness of the buffer layer between the inp substrate and ingaas epilayer is 0. 2 um the mobility becomes the maximum and the carrier concentration is the lowest

    /比對外延層的表面形貌有較大影響，增大/比有利於提高材料的結晶質量；隨著/比增加，遷移率升高；本徵載流子濃度隨著/比減少而降低； ash _ 3和ph _ 3轉換時間在10秒到30秒之間可以獲得質量較好的ingaas外延層；在inp緩沖層厚度為0 . 2 m時遷移率達到最大，載流子濃度達到最低。
  13. The latest domestic and foreign achievements on anti - skidding surface of asphalt pavement were collected in this paper, and the major problems on grade design in our country were also thoroughly analyzed. according to systematic analysis on anti - skidding mechanism of asphalt pavement surface, the paper introduced the concept of reference point and forbidden zone of superpave technology to control grade curve " s trends and discussed the influence on pavement surface " s ability of anti - skidding and durability

    論文匯集了國內外瀝青路面抗滑表層的最新研究成果，深刻剖析了我國現有抗滑表層級配設計的主要問題，在此基礎上，通過對瀝青路面抗滑機理的系統分析，引入superpave技術的控制點和禁區概念來控制抗滑表層混合料級配曲線的走向，研究了該技術對路面抗滑能力和耐久性的意義。
  14. Based on the investingation and some study methods of the stability on the goaf, the paper has the goaf of the first and second tunnels of wu long channel on coal mine railway leased line in da ning of shanxi province as an example, according to the engineering geological invesitigation and maping in the earth ' s surface, also combining the visit on the relate people, firstly has a geological judge on the space extend of the mostly ledges which have been picked ; then adopts the instrument of engineering surveying and checking ( for short sws ) which is relatively advanced inside and outside to test by surface wave the rockmass and solid near the middle line of the tunnel ( total forty meter ), and has a relatively exact judgment on the place that the goaf impossible reveal ; lastly passing the validate by drilling, it make clear that the results which tested by sws is reasonable and believable, based on finding out clearly the space extend of the goaf, the author makes a relatively systemic study on the stability of wall rock around the goaf

    因此，查明采空區的具體位置，在此基礎上對場地進行工程適宜性評價，對整個工程建設具有重要的指導意義。本論文在總結前人對地下采空區勘察及有關穩定性研究方法的基礎上，以山西大寧煤礦鐵路專用線五龍溝1 ~ # 、 2 ~ #隧道采空區為研究實例，在詳細的地表工程地質調查和測繪的基礎上，結合通過對采空區有關人員的探訪，首先對主要開采礦層的空間展布進行地質判斷；然後採用國內外較為先進的工程勘探與檢測儀（簡稱「面波儀」 ） ，對1 ~ # 、 2 ~ #隧道中線兩側一定范圍內（共40米）進行了面波測試，對采空區的可能出露部位進行了較為準確的判斷；最後通過鉆探加以驗證，表明面波儀的測試結果是較為合理可信的。
  15. Both absolute difference and relative difference among per capita gdps of 14 cities ( prefectures ) increased year by year since 1990 - the absolute difference increased linearly - - and this increased tendency would n ' t change in short period. by counting the discrete and ratio between per capita gdp of every city ( prefectures ) and that of the total province, the relative development speed of every region and the industrial structure of every region, i think that the characteristic of the spatial structure of regional economic difference in hunan is that the area along the beijing - guangzhou railway line in the east of hunan developed fast, while the vast area in the west of hunan developed slowly, so the regional difference increased constantly. on the difference background between the east and the west of hunan, there is the difference between central region and fringe region, for one thing it shows ring difference, namely chang - zhu - tan internal ring, surrounding chang - zhu - tan medium ring, the outermost external ring, the most underdeveloped counties lie on the fringe and mountain regions in the west, south and east of hunan, for another it displays that the peripheral regions of 13 prefectural cities are more developed than the other

    文章還建立了反映基礎設施水平、經濟發展水平、社會發展水平的23個主要指標構成的湖南省區域差異衡量指標體系，在此基礎上，藉助spss統計分析軟體，運用主成分分析法，對湖南省14個市州經濟發展綜合水平的差異狀況進行了研究，結果表明：長沙市的經濟發展綜合水平在14個市州中遙遙領先，反映了湖南省經濟發展空間結構的「單極主導」特徵；通過計算人均gdp的標準差和標準差系數，研究區域經濟差異的總體水平及區域經濟不平衡發展的演變趨勢，發現90年代以來湖南省各市州人均gdp的絕對差異和相對差異都在逐年擴大，其中絕對差異隨年份直線上升，且這種差異擴大的趨勢在短期內難以改變；通過計算各市州人均gdp與全省人均gdp的離差和比率、各市州發展速度的差異及產業結構的差異，認為湖南省區域經濟差異的空間特徵是：湘東京廣沿線地區基礎較好，發展較快，湘西地區發展緩慢，地區差異不斷擴大；通過以縣為對象的差異研究發現在湘東湘西差異的大背景上還有核心區與邊緣區的差異，它一方面表現為長株潭內層、圍繞長株潭的中層、更遠的外層的圈層差異特徵，最落後的縣分佈於湘西、湘南、湘
  16. Infrared reflectance was used in measuring the characteristics of the sio2 layer on sic. a peak appeared at about 1100cm - 1can be used to monitor the density of the sio2 layer. after annealing in n2, the peak shifted towards high frequency

    運用紅外反射光譜研究sic表面生長的氧化層在退火過程中特徵反射峰的四川大學碩士學位論文漂移情況，實驗發現經過nz退火后，表面5102的1100cm - ，附近的特徵反射峰位向高頻方向移動，並且在1100左右退火時，這種漂移最明顯。
  17. The theoretical analysis of large cryocondensation pump for nbi was mainly concerned. this paper emphasized on analyzing and calculating the heat load of cryocondensation pump, simulating thermal transmission coefficient and molecule transmission coefficient of radiation baffle according to monte carlo method, analyzing the process on cryo - surface and the factor of affecting pumping speed and hydrogen layer thickness of influencing cryo - parameter, etc. finally by verifying the pumping speed on large cryocondensation pump for neutral beam injection system, the pumping speed of 4. 0x105l / s ( for h2 ) was proven to be reasonable

    本文首先介紹了中性束注入系統的國內外發展狀況，闡述了中科院等離子體所ht - 7中性束注入系統的構成，主要對用於中性束注入系統的大型低溫冷凝泵的特性進行了理論分析；對冷凝抽氣面的熱負載進行了分析計算；用蒙特卡羅法對輻射擋板的分子傳輸幾率與熱傳輸幾率進行了模擬計算；研究了低溫表面的處理方法對抽速的影響以及氫層厚度對各低溫參數的影響；最後對用於中性束注入系統的大型低溫冷凝泵的抽速進行了驗證，得出的結論是：選取40萬升秒的抽速是合理的。
  18. According to new research, the influenza virus coats itself in a protective fatty shield that is tough enough to withstand cold temperatures

    一項最新研究發現，流感病毒表面包有一層脂肪保護外殼，這種外殼十分堅硬，能抵禦嚴寒。
  19. There exists a strong correlation between initial surface morphology prior to ht growth and ht gan growth mechanism and eventual threading dislocation density in epilayers

    發現高溫生長前樣品的表面狀態對隨後生長的gan生長機制及最終外延層中的位錯密度有很大影響。
  20. It shown that { 110 } < 110 > textured ag substrates is more suitable for growth of ybco films. finally, ybco films were deposited with pld on ( 100 ) textured sto single crystal and niw alloys substrates with { 100 } < 110 > textured ceo2. epitaxial relationship and microcosmic structures of ybco films were studied

    最後，在（ 100 ）取向的sto單晶和鍍有{ 100 } < 110 >織構的ceo2緩沖層的niw合金基帶上沉積了ybco薄膜，研究了薄膜的外延規律以及在不同基底上薄膜的微觀形貌、表面微應變等等。
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