最小成本投入 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zuìxiǎochéngběntóurù]
最小成本投入 英文
least cost input
  • 最 : 副詞（表示某種屬性超過所有同類的人或事物） most; best; worst; first; very; least; above all; -est
  • 小 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （體積、面積、數量、強度等不大） small; little; petty; minor 2 （年紀小的; 年幼的） youn...
  • 成 : Ⅰ動詞1 （完成; 成功） accomplish; succeed 2 （成為; 變為） become; turn into 3 （成全） help comp...
  • 本 : i 名詞1 （草木的莖或根）stem or root of plants 2 （事物的根源）foundation; origin; basis 3 （本錢...
  • 入 : Ⅰ動詞1 （進來或進去） enter 2 （參加） join; be admitted into; become a member of 3 （合乎） conf...
  1. In the study on the method of risk decision in project bidding based on considering emulant, according to the contents and the characteristics of risk decision in the stage of bidding, based on considering the pure risks and the speculative risks, and setting out from monomial risk, internal number and internal probability were used in describing each risk element. then, the optimization of strategies for monomial risks was done. and the computation was used to sew up the scheme, the progress, the cost and the overall risk compensation

    在工程項目投標階段的風險決策方法研究中，根據投標階段風險決策的內容和特點，在考慮純風險和投機風險的基礎上，從單項風險入手，運用區間數和區間概率的性質，先描述各個風險要素，然後進行單項風險對策間的對比擇優，並將其結果對應于方案、進度、成本費用及投標報價總風險補償費的確定，最終實現承包商的風險成本最小化。
  2. The model of this paper explores the links between the following factors and the credit rationing in china. the change of banks " attitude to credit risk may lead to credit rationing ; banks give much more emphasis on the trade cost and the payable value of collateral, which may give rise to credit rationing ; the decreasing of asset price during economic stagnation produces credit rationing ; the bias of banks " objective function from the maximization of profit and the transformation of the function relating to the reform of the financial system cause credit rationing ; if different parts of the whole markets are not integrated, the credit in the part with low capital return ratio will be rationed. during economic recession, banks tend to ration the credit in the high - risk market ; the removing of interest ceiling will narrow down the interest spread of deposit and credit at least during a period, which may strengthen credit rationing ; meanwhile, the vulnerable borrowers, including small and middle - sized enterprises, will get more credit from banks even though they have to pay a higher interest rate

    論文的模型探討了下列因素和中國信貸配給現象之間的聯系：商業銀行對信貸風險的態度變化，在辨別和控制信貸風險上開始投入大量的成本，這一過程會導致信貸配給；商業銀行對與法治環境相關的交易成本和抵押品清償價值的日漸關注會導致信貸配給；宏觀經濟緊縮時期資產價格下降會導致信貸配給；商業銀行經營目標函數偏離利潤最大化，近幾年金融業改革過程使商業銀行目標函數發生變化，這一變化過程可能導致信貸配給；在市場分化的條件下，收益水平低的市場會遭受信貸配給；在經濟下滑時期，商業銀行尤其會對高風險市場配給信貸；利率市場化使商業銀行的存貸利差至少在一段時間內縮窄，利差縮窄可能加重信貸配給的程度：在利率市場化條件下，弱勢借款者，包括中小企業，遭受信貸配給的程度可能得到緩解，但支付的貸款利率水平將會升高。
  3. Then the paper uses the same typical four network operating conditions as the primary given conditions and when adding one set of the parallel capacitor bank, changing the 330 / 220kv transformer tap changer position step by step to change the transformer ration, through this study methods this paper found out all the optimized combination of the tap changer position and the amount of input reactive power, also obtained four sets of the 330kv, 220kv and hokv s / s bus voltage and the active and reactive power losses changing curves. through analyzing the optimized combination control curve and the network power flow, the paper generalizes the rules as following : the chief measure of coordinative control is inputting shunt reactor in chengxian s / s in winter time both in the planning year of 2010 & 2005 ; in summer time in planning year of 2010 the chief measure is to input proper shunt capacitor

    本研究通過分析所獲得的最優綜合控制組合曲線及電網潮流，總結出了如下規則：隴南電網在2005年及2010年冬大、以及2005年夏小運行方式下，綜合控制應以成縣變投入適量並聯補償電抗器作為主要措施；在2010年夏小運行方式下則投入適量並聯補償電容器作為主要措施，再輔助以選擇合適的主變有載調壓分接頭來調節，達到控制網內無功潮流分佈合理、各變電站母線電壓在理想的范圍內時電網有功損耗最小，從而也提高了電網安全運行水平及供電質量。
  4. Following, making development study from the three directions : the first one is how to reduce calculation when to use markowitz model. this text has improved the efficient frontier of markowitz model utilizing free risk assets, and reduced calculation about revenue rates " co - variance matrix utilizing single or multiple factors, and so on. the second one is to add thinking factors about, such as transaction fee, fund limitation, lowest transaction unit ' s limitation, risk measures and exchange rate risk of international portfolio securities, so as to make markowitz model closer to our country ' s practice

    接著，分三今方向對markowitz模型進行了拓展研究：第一個方向是運用markowitz模型時如何減少計算量，本文利用無風險資產來改進markowitz模型的有效邊界，利用單因子或多因子模型來減少收益率協方差的計算量等等；第二個方向是增加考慮因素，諸如交易費用、資金限制、最小交易單位限制，風險測度和國際組合證券的匯率風險，使markowitz模型更貼近我國的實際；第三個方向是對markowitz模型進行動態拓展研究，提出了將證券收益率看成是隨機序列時的投資決策模型，深入研究了m ? v有效邊界隨資產品種數增加而發生的漂移，並用解析方法和幾何圖形描述了漂移的軌跡和方向。
  5. 1. wheat production cost in jiangsu province decreased gradually in recent years. the cost in xuhuai wheat district was the highest

    江蘇省小麥生產的成本投入水平近幾年呈逐年遞減趨勢，麥區間以徐淮麥區最高。
  6. This dissertation is faced to the process of steel rolling to found network of manufacture material flow, basing on it founding guide line evaluation system of the cost of unit standard producing working procedure, guide line evaluation system of the quality cost of unit standard producing working procedure and guide line evaluation system of performance and efficiency ; and base on the cost data of all kinds of material flows, manufacture flow, flux data, manpower, energy consume, material consume, capital asserts occupied, fund occupied, and the production in working procedure, throughput of the materials in working procedures in the flow and countercurrent flow in the network of material flow of recorded in working procedure producing, using the “ whole closed down lane ” model to describe network of manufacture material flow of steel rolling, found the cost analyzing model system of the network faced to producing process. make the cost increasing of the producing by abnormity material flow in working procedure, and even the cost increasing of the producing procedure as the cost of the management behavior of working procedure fallen under cost evaluation guideline in responsible working procedure, so as to ration measure the factors fast correlated with management behavior by measuring the cost

    在企業管理信息化輔助工具所建立的數據平臺基礎上，建立了以基準物流圖模型為基礎的軋鋼生產主流程物流網路拓撲圖，根據圖論的理論求解最大流量和最小費用;計算每個生產節點的加工成本，分離質量成本，克服了單純財務數據進行成本核算所帶來的缺陷;建立了軋鋼生產主流程工序含鐵物料吞吐能力基準圖模型，並根據此模型建立了軋鋼生產主流程工序激勵物流協調性和匹配性、工序響應物流協調性和匹配性分析的過程能力指數計算方法;通過引入決策單元綜合投入與綜合產出效率最優原則的模型和基於投入不變、分析產出是否有效或基於產出不變、分析投入是否有效的模型，實現了對多個績效指標在不同績效值集合之間的相對比較，並可根據投入產出效率準則、或者投入（產出）有效性準則進行排序。
  7. The objective is to minimize the operating cost of the freight and passenger flow, the shadow cost of unsatisfied demand, and the investment cost of projects in all five - year plans, subject to limits on the total budget in every five - year plan

    模型規劃的總目標是在滿足各個規劃期投入資金預算限制的條件下，路網建設項目的選擇，能夠確保所有規劃期內的貨流和客流的運輸成本、未滿足需求所帶來的損失和各種建設項目所需要的年度化資金投入最小。
  8. Results showed that cooperative development can achieve maximal profit and minimal cost due to easy imitation of the financial products ; meanwhile the cooperative development can encourage the financial organ to enlarge capital investment to stimulate financial innovation ; and the cost can be reduced with the increase of the cooperative financial organizations

    結果表明，由於金融產品創新具有易模仿性的特點，金融機構採取合作開發新產品的方式，更有利於實現利潤最大化和生產成本最小化雙重目標；同時，也能鼓勵金融機構加大金融產品開發資金的投入，刺激金融創新；隨著合作開發金融機構數目的增多，越有利於降低生產成本。
  9. After analysising the five factors ( schedule, quality, investment, claim, risk ) which influence the limit point, this paper presents that the clients should decide the time for the construction in accordance with their own characterististics and utilizing benefits, and decide the project quality according to the sum of purchasing costs ( the price of contracts ) and the utilizing costs ( the costs to run and maintain ), and make it most possible to use supervisim optimal design and construction and to reduce claim and risk, which gives the clients a satisfying project with minimal investmentat the same time, this article tells the contractors how to optimize and make decision to minimize the costs in practice on the basis of meeting the requirment of the clients

    在分析了影響極值點的進度、質量、投資、索賠和風險五大因素之後，提出了業主應結合自身的特點，根據工程使用效益來決定工期，根據購置成本（即合同價格）和使用成本（即運行費和維護費）之和來決定工程質量水平，並盡可能通過監理來優化設計、優化施工，減少索賠和風險，使業主最終既能得到滿意的工程，又能使總資金投入最小。同時，也指出承包商應如何在滿足業主要求的前提下，進行優化和決策，使實際發生的成本最小。
  10. Other developments in 2006 included the development of a blueprint for the financial development of hong kong that was adopted as part of the report by the focus group on financial services set up by the chief executives economic summit on chinas 11th five - year plan and the development of hong kong ; the completion of the administrative work and legal process necessary to implement the basel ii requirements in hong kong on 1 january 2007 ; the launching of the deposit protection scheme ; further expansion of renminbi business in hong kong ; and international credit rating agencies upgrading hong kongs sovereign ratings to aa, the highest they have ever been

    年的其他發展包括：制訂香港金融發展藍本，並納入香港特區行政長官舉辦十一五與香港發展經濟高峰會的金融服務專題小組提交的報告完成在香港實施資本協定二所需的行政工作與法律程序，以配合在年月日實施有關的要求存款保障計劃投入運作進一步擴大香港人民幣業務以及香港的主權債務評級獲國際信貸評級機構調升至，是香港歷來獲得的最高評級。
  11. In the fourth chapter, by using the theory of regional potential energy, aiming at the regional layout of international direct investment in china, the author made an analysis on the cause resulting in the nonequilibrium layout of foreign investment and the effects on the changes of regional economic structure caused by the regional layout of foreign investment and forecasted the tendency for importing foreign investment of the provinces, municipalities directly under the central government and autonomous regions. in the conclusion, according to the theory of regional potential energy, the author set forth the law of motion of international direct investment. regional potential energy is determined by the nature, combined mode and development of the elements in the region

    結論部分在總結正文的基礎上，根據區域勢能理論，歸納出國際直接投資的運動規律：區域內備項要素的性質、組合與發展變化決定了區域勢能的大小；而各區域的勢能差異，必然對資本的區域間流動產生強烈的影響，並決定其定向運動的規律；作為經濟發展的關鍵性要素，外資進入后，又將通過區域勢能的激活效應重塑區域社會經濟現實，從總量與結構等各個方面改變區域的發展水平和發展方向，並最終決定新一輪區域勢能的形成及其性質和特點。
  12. Through credit management flow, the author designed the concept through introducing total quality management and total cost flow minimization. besides the function of analyzing the credit information system, the author also brought up the analysis of investing in credit information system through utilizing a balanced score card methodology of performance management and design a set of assessment indicators. the foundation is an efficient credit management system that relies upon the infrastructure framework

    在信用管理流程設計中引入全面質量管理與流程總成本最小化的理念;在分析了信用信息系統的功能之外，提出了信用信息系統投資決策分析;在績效管理中運用了平衡記分卡原理，設計了一套評價指標體系;還提出了高效的信用管理所依賴的組織結構。
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