期前違約 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [qīqiánwéiyāo]
期前違約 英文
breach before performance is due
  • 期 : 期名詞[書面語]1. （一周年） a full year; anniversary 2. （一整月） a full month
  • 前 : Ⅰ名詞1 （在正面的） front 2 （次序在先的） first; top 3 （過去的; 較早的） ago; before; preceding...
  • 違 : 動詞1. （不遵照; 不依從） disobey; defy; violate 2. （離別） part; leave; be separated
  • 約 : 約動詞[口語] （用秤稱） weigh
  • 違約 : 1 （違反條約、契約） break a contract; violate a treaty 2 （失約） break one s promise; break off...
  1. Based on the frequent occurrence of international aerial crimes, the rampancy and cruelty of criminals and the reality of brutal consequence, the essay analyses the features of the crime of aircraft hijacking, the crime of imperiling international civil aerial security and the crime of obstructing international aerial navigation with the component terms from three important international conventions on punishing aerial crimes in order to help people to appreciate the appearance and the essence of typical international aerial crimes deeply, to regard the motion of the crimes and to overwhelm the offence forcefully. based on the core of the legislative status of international civil aerial security, the jurisdiction of the aerial crimes, one emphasis of the article is to clarify concrete clauses on jurisdiction in the three conventions and analyses the important principle of " aut reddere, aut punire ". based on the problems on the jurisdiction of crimes in international society, it quests the implementation of t he principles of jurisdiction, pleading and extradition in the three conventions deeply

    基於目前國際社會航空犯罪時有發生，犯罪分子猖獗狠毒，危害後果十分殘重的現實，本文從國際社會關于懲治航空犯罪的三個重要國際公約（東京、海牙、蒙特利爾公約）中規定的各種航空犯罪的定義入手，深入展開了對劫持航空器罪、危害航空器飛行安全罪、危害國際民用航空機場安全罪的犯罪特徵及其構成條件的分析，以期幫助人們更深刻認識這些典型的國際航空犯罪的表現及其實質，嚴密注視這些犯罪的動向，對其進行及時有力的打擊；鑒于國際民用航空安全法律地位問題的核心是解決航空犯罪的管轄權問題，本文重點闡釋了三個公約關于管轄的具體規定，並側重分析了「或引渡或起訴」的重要原則；鑒于目前國際社會打擊國際航空犯罪管轄方面存在諸多實際問題，本文對公約規定的管轄、起訴、引渡原則的實現方式作了深入探討；鑒于各國在國內立法上對于空中犯罪的懲治、對違約國的制裁、對這類犯罪的預防措施等方面存在一些漏洞，本文根據目前掌握的一些資料，在獨立思考的基礎上，提出了一些不成熟的看法及建議，以期對國際社會懲治航空犯罪貢獻自己微薄之力。
  2. The writer recognizes that as well to should include the concordat the occasion, quanta that establish him also infringement not default the square ' s proper avail, non obstinate this fraction the avail and does not occupy the point, and deny their entity but the non possums, for example the corporeal have the minor faults, treaty about body breach of warranty the etc. ultimately is a treaty about the negligence responsibility is an infringement reliance avail, the writer recognize and should include the modern law of contract of proper avail, quanta to have the infringement

    最後就是締約過失責任是只侵犯了信賴利益嗎，筆者認為應該包括固有利益，因為現代契約法有侵權法向合同法轉移的情況，其根源就是侵犯的包括固有利益。再次是關于預期違約責任的一些問題，預期違約來源於英美法系，對于預期違約的概念國內有三種，筆者認為它的定義是在合同締結之後至合同履行期到來之前產生的履約危險加以救濟的法律制度。
  3. 4 every debt or other liability including unliquidated liabilities arising from torts or breaches of a contract incurred by any person acting as the president, or acting in or on the behalf, of the provisional legislative council which immediately before the commencement of the amending ordinance is owing and unpaid or has been incurred and is undischarged shall, on such commencement, become and be the debt or liability of the commission and shall be paid or discharged by and may be recovered from and shall be enforceable against the commission accordingly

    包括因侵權或違約而引致的未決演算法律責任，在緊接修訂條例生效日期之前仍由任何以臨時立法會主席身分或為臨時立法會或代臨時立法會行事的人欠下及未償的，或由在該等情況下行事的人承擔而未解除的，須在修訂條例生效日期成為管理委員會的債項或法律責任，由管理委員會清償或解除，並可向管理委員會追討及執行。
  4. The author points out that right to defense of advance or follow - up performance should fall under into the category of the conventional right to defense of simultaneous performance ; there is no tenable reason for its self - existent. in order to apply the right to defense of uncertain performance to all kinds of bilateral contracts, and to impartially distribute the right in the interested parties of a contract, the system of anticipatory breach of contract should be abolished and the system of right to defense of be perfected because they overlap and conflict with each other.

    作者認為：后履行抗辯權沒有充分的獨立性理由，應當歸入傳統的同時履行抗辯權范疇之內；我國的預期違約制度和不安抗辯權制度是相互重疊和沖突的，應當廢除預期違約制度；完善不安抗辯權制度，使其適用於各種類型的雙務合同，並應將此項權利平等地賦予合同雙方當事人；為解決合同當事人期前明示毀約的問題，應當按大陸法傳統，設立預期拒絕履行制度。
  5. The characteristics of home mortgages themselves determines that there will be poor liquidity of the assets and it is because of this that at present every bank closely restricts the term of the loan. a third defect is that there are large risks because the mortgage loan is a very long - term creditor ' s asset and the bank is faced with huge risks in the interest rates. in addition, credit risks will occur when the client losses their ability to repay the loan for any reason or when the client feels that the benefits of breaching the contract outweigh the losses and the bank, as the operator of the financial products as its main business, will promptly recover the mortgaged items

    儲蓄期限一般較短，而按揭貸款的還款期限較長，銀行長期資產與短期負債不匹配，就不能化解未來不確定性帶來的風險；二是資產的流動性和期限呈反方向變動，期限越長，流動性越低，住房抵押貸款本身的特性決定了其流動性較差，因此目前各銀行都嚴格限制貸款期限；三是風險大，由於按揭貸款是期限很長的債權資產，銀行面臨的利率風險就很大；另外，當客戶因某種原因失去償還能力或者認為違約產生的利益超過違約所產生的損失時，就會發生信用風險，而銀行以金融產品為主要業務，即使收回抵押物，但如何處置不良資產仍是諸多銀行頭痛的問題。
  6. The commodities traded there include 6. 5mm steel bars, natural silk, chemical fibres, small red beans and plywood. with its 140 satellite ground receiving stations, 80 wired display screens, complete rules and regulations for futures trade, suzhou commodities futures exchange is now among the nation s best commodities exchange in whatever way

    5毫米建築鋼材，后推出繭絲、化纖，目前又增加膠合板、紅小豆等。經過幾年的積極探索，蘇州商品交易所建立並逐步完善了期貨交易章程交易規則、會員管理、結算細則、交割及違約處理和調解仲裁辦法等規章規則，規范化管理達到了國內先進水平。
  7. The first hypothesis is true according to the pd of 1 - year and pds of each quarterly in one year before special treatment and the second hypothesis also is true in three quarterlies before a corporation is specially treated. default probability of a specially treated corporation is high and tends to increase as time near the exposure date. 2. kmv model has a capacity of discriminating the bad borrowers from good borrowers. 3. volatility of market value of asset is determinant of default probability

    本文得出的主要結論有: （一）假設一在特別處理前一年及各個季度內成立，假設二在特別處理前三個季度內成立，我國資本市場中的特別處理公司具有較高的違約概率且隨著時間向特別處理實施日期逼近違約概率增加; （二） kmv模型具有較強的對違約債務人的識別力; （三）影響違約概率的主要因素是公司資產價值波動率。
  8. In chapter 5, the thesis discusses the situation of lack of retailer ' s order in one valid period of contract. retailer will increase the order quantity in the next period. correspondingly, manufacturer will increase default penalty

    第五章分析了分銷商如果在前一個合同期間訂貨不足，導致缺貨，分銷商將在第二期中增大訂貨，相應地，製造商將加大違約懲罰力度。
  9. The paper wishes to give a guidance to design the duty of contract breach practically, to provide a new thinking way for court when judging disputes of contract, to collocate the social scarce resource reasonably and to set up a rational anticipated system for the reform of economy system in the condition of socialism market economy

    本論文希望能夠依據法律經濟學理論，為設計合同規則中的違約責任部分起到實際性的指導作用，為我國法院在合同糾紛中的裁判提供一種新的思維，使現代社會的稀缺資源得到合理配置，並為當前社會主義市場經濟條件下的經濟體制改革建立合理的預期制。
  10. It takes enforcement action against any breaches of lease conditions, with priority given to the misuse of residential premises for dangerous or obnoxious activity. owners of property in breach are required to rectify the situation within a specified period, failing which, all interests of the registered landowner in the property may be vested in the government in accordance with the provisions of the government rights ( re - entry and vesting remedies ) ordinance

    該處會要求違反契約條件的物業擁有人，在限期前糾正違約情況；物業擁有人如不遵辦，該處可按《政府土地權（重收及轉歸補救）條例》 ，接管注冊土地擁有人就有關物業所享有的一切權益。
  11. The composition of the basic includes following parts : i ) one party has substantial facts to prove the other party will not perform the contract ; ii ) the violation can be clearly seen, iii ) the other party ' s conduct is the basic violation of the contract ; iv ) the time of violation is between the establishment of the contract and the beginning of the performance period

    前者也由四大要件構成： 1 、有一方當事人不履行合同的客觀事實； 2 、上述事實必須達到「明顯看出的程度」 ； 3 、不履行必須構成根本違反合同； 4 、違約時間在合同成立后，合同履行期限界至前。
  12. 4 if upon expiry or earlier termination, party b has breached this contract, party a shall be entitled to deduct such claims from the deposit held, provided such claims are supported by detailed documentation and receipts

    租期屆滿或提前終止的情況下，乙方違背了該合同條款，甲方有權在押金中扣除因乙方違約而引起的損失，並需向乙方提供書面的文件和發票作為扣除押金的根據。
  13. Cancellation of contracts must be notified in writing at least 50 days prior to publication day, otherwise a 50 % penalty fee will be charged

    取消定單應在出版日前50天以書面形式通知本刊，超過此期限需交納50 %違約金。
  14. There are two ways of remedy available at present, one is the institution of anticipatory breach of contract in anglo - american law system, and the other is the institution of the right to plea of unease and the institution of contract cancellation in continental law system

    目前，各國的主要做法有兩種：一是英美法系國家的預期違約制度；二是大陸法系國家的不安抗辯權制度及合同解除制度。
  15. The author thus argues that whether it is the express breach in the institution of anticipatory breach of contract or the implied and constructed breach of contract applied in the institution of the right to plea of unease, its concrete scope of compensation should be confined to the interest in expectancy and losses avoidable due to the cancellation in advance should be deducted

    因此，筆者認為：無論是適用預期違約制度的明示違約，還是適用不安抗辯權的默示違約和推定違約，其具體賠償范圍均應在期待利益的范圍內，適當扣除因提前解除合同而可避免的某些損失。這樣才真正符合公平、正義的私法理念。
  16. The rule for putting responsibility on the violated is one in which fault is not considered ; the remedies for anticipatory breach are as follows : i ) suspending performance of the obligation ; ii ) declaring the contract avoided ; iii ) damages and so on

    預期違約適用的歸責原則是無過錯責任原則。預期違約的責任方式有： 1 、中止履行； 2 、在履行期限屆至前解除合同； 3 、要求損害賠償等。
  17. If a party fails to perform its obligatio under a contract, or rendered non - conforming performance, it shall bear the liabilities for breach of contract by ecific performance, cure of non - conforming performance or payment of damages, etc

    第一百零八條當事人一方明確表示或者以自己的行為表明不履行合同義務的，對方可以在履行期限屆滿之前要求其承擔違約責任。
  18. Because our legal system belong to the common law, but anticipatory breach is the characteristic of english - american law, can anticipatory breach solve the problems in common law ? when the anticipatory breach is introduced, are there conflicts in the institution ? how to improve the anticipatory breach with these projblems with some faults and shortcomings ? this paper inquires these things in three parts. starting bread with the two outside forms of the auticipatory and the two outside forms of the auticipatory non - permermance, the first part of the passage inquires the value and the orcial base of the anticipatory breach by surveyingjit ' s origination and changing process under the origination and changing process under the special historical background. by comparing the anticipatory breach with counterargument right for security, the second part states a viewpoint that the former is superior is superior to the latter in protection parties " lawful rights though there are many similarities and differences between them. from this, we can come to a comclusion that the counterargument right for security is no substition for conticipetory breach and that the former should be part of the latter. the third party gives a detailed explanation of anticipatory breach in english ? american law systems in chinese system of anticipatory breach. finally, the anther makes some important suggestion : first, the subject of counterargument right for security should be attend to either party of the contract

    其價值在於使受害方能提前獲得法律上的救濟，防止其蒙受本來可以避免的損失。第二部分筆者通過對預期違約與不安抗辯權的比較研究，對我國《合同法》應如何處理、協調來自不同法系的這兩項並不完全相同的法律制度的關系提出了自己的觀點。筆者認為不安抗辯權是通過對合同利益期待權的保護，實現法律「公平」和「安全」的價值，而預期違約除標示上述價值目標外，更是法律對「效率違約」這一經濟理論的認可，顯示了法律對「效益」這一價值目標的追求，從而提出預期違約與不安杭辮權二者制度功能相似而制度構造不同，預期違約制度較之不安杭辮權更有利於保護當事人的合法權益，由此得出我國《合同法》中不安抗辮權不僅不能替代預期違約，而是預期違約應該吸納不安抗辮權的結論
  19. Hence prepayment was often neglected, even advocated. this trend has affected the expected return of the commercial banks. however, empirical studies on default risk and prepayment risk of residential mortgages in china are relatively few

    因此，長期以來，因提前償付而形成的主動違約風險就常常被銀行忽視，甚至提前還款還受到銀行的鼓勵，這種趨勢已經在某種程度上影響了銀行的預期收益。
  20. This paper systematically examines the connotation and denotation of contract concept by adopting contrast method, and analyzes its applications in the contract law in greater detail. based on this, a conclusion can be drawn : the contract law does not regard contract as static any longer but as a dynamic process which includes offer, acceptance, a contract " s creation, coming into effect, performance and so on, based on which a general contract concept also comes out. besides, the transformation of this concept of contract not only expands the score of the contract liability from the traditional ( mainly refers to the former three contract laws ) liability for breach of contract into a novel system which subsumes liabilities for wrongs in conclusion of contract, anticipatory breach of contract, present breach of contract and post contract liability

    本文從比較法的角度較系統地探討了合同概念內涵和外延，較詳細地分析了合同概念在我國合同法上的運用，並由此得出我國合同法改變了將合同視為一個靜態概念的傳統觀念，而將其看作是包含要約、承諾、合同成立、生效、履行等在內的動態過程，並在此基礎上建立了一個廣義的合同概念；而這一合同觀念的嬗變，不僅拓展了我國合同責任的范圍，使我國合同責任從傳統（主要是指原三大合同法）的違約責任拓展成為包括締約過失責任、預期違約責任、實際違約責任和后契約責任在內的全新的合同責任體系，而且這也是我國合同責任的創新制度? ?締約過失責任、預期違約責任和后契約責任存在的前提和基礎。
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