未可一概而論 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [wèikěyīgàiērlún]
未可一概而論
英文
must not make sweeping generalizations-
For the cooperation of pile - soil, the complicacy of the structure system and the design and calculation system of the pile foundation, and furth er more for it ' s difficult to determine the properties of various kinds of soil due to the large scope of samples, there are still some problems in real applications. by the way it seems there is no document or report about the reliability analysis of pile bucking at present
結構可靠度設計是近年來才提出的基於概率論的設計方法，由於樁土共同工作，樁基的結構體系和設計計算體系十分復雜，各種土性的取值因為樣本空間的非常龐大而難以準確確定，因此離實際應用尚存在一定問題，而對基樁屈曲的可靠度分析目前似尚未見文獻報道。Present methods generally based on the statistics of earthquake damage, expert experiences, theory analysis and experimental researches have obvious advantages, disadvantages and certain scopes of application ; ( 2 ) different prediction methods should be adopted against different building conditions, sites, intensity and experiences etc to predict earthquake damage of buildings for prospective accuracy, dependability and availability ; ( 3 ) earthquake damage matrix, which is the foundation of earthquake damage prediction, of 7 kinds of building in the urban areas of zhangzhou city under intensity 6 to 9 has been set up. the damage conditions of different buildings under different intensity are as followings : all kinds of structures are basically intact under intensity 6 ; the reinforced concrete structures are basically intact under intensity 7, but other kinds of structures are destroyed slightly ; the reinforced concrete structures are still basically intact while other kinds of structures are destroyed intermediately under intensity 8 ; the reinforced concrete structures are destroyed slightly, single - story factories and open houses are destroyed intermediately and other kinds of structures are destroyed seriously under intensity 9 ; ( 4 ) the results of earthquake damage predicting of buildings embody the damage when earthquake happens in the future. thus, further identifications and reinforcements should be considered to buildings that will be destroyed intermediately or more under the earthquake with 10 % exceeding probability in future 50 years ; ( 5 ) the direct economic losses caused by damage of buildings resting with the area, structural type, intensity and damage of all kinds of buildings are the main part of the losses of the city in an earthquake ; ( 6 ) the direct economic losses increased progressively toward high intensity by 2 or 3 times
基於上述研究，得出的主要結論有：建築物震害預測是一個模糊的、系統的、復雜的問題，現有的方法很多一般都是以震害統計規律、專家經驗、理論分析和試驗研究為依據，有其自身的優缺點和一定的適用范圍；應針對不同的建築物條件、場地條件、地震強度和已有經驗等，採用不同的預測方法進行建築物震害預測，以使預測結果達到預期的精確性、可靠性和可操作性；建立了漳州市區7類建築物在6度9度地震作用下的震害矩陣，成為指導抗震防災的重要依據，各類結構的震害情況表現為： 6度地震作用下各類建築物基本完好； 7度地震作用下除鋼筋混凝土結構基本完好外其餘以建築輕微破壞為主； 8度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構仍以基本完好為主而其餘建築以中等破壞為主； 9度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構以輕微破壞為主，單層工業廠房和空曠房屋以中等破壞為主，其餘建築以嚴重破壞為主；建築物的震害預測結果體現了未來地震來臨時的震害程度，在編制漳州市區抗震防災規劃時，對于遭遇50年超越概率10的地震影響發生中等以上破壞的建築物應考慮進行抗震鑒定和加固；由建築物的破壞所造成的直接經濟損失是城市地震經濟損失的主要部分，重慶大學碩士學位論文中文摘要其主要與建築物總面積、結構類型、地震烈度和各類建築物的震害程度有關;不同烈度造成的直接經濟損失按2一3倍向高烈度方向遞增，漳州市區直接經濟損失由6度至9度的比例關系為1 : 2 . 8 : 8 . 6 : 22 . 8 ;遭遇基本地震設防烈度（ 7度）時，漳州市區直接經濟損失約4 . 5億元，無家可歸人員約40000人，且以磚木結構和多層磚混結構的震害損失最大;地震造成的人員傷亡主要與建築物倒塌及嚴重破壞的程度和總面積以及震時的建築物室內人數密切相關，地震時無家可歸人員主要與住宅倒塌、嚴重破壞及中等破壞的程度和總面積以及城市人均居住面積密切相關。Sustainable development, which pursue long - time economic increase and quality advancement, is to satisfy both the needs of the present age and that of the future. shaowu, a county in mountainous area of fujian, plays a major role in the sustainable development in minjiang watershed. the thesis based on the theory of district sustainable development put forward the problems, pontentia and advantage which shaowu is faced with. the pattern of shaowu sustainable development and approach to implement it is also discussed. also, the thesis sets forth the important meaning of policy selection to the sustainable development and bring forward the adaptive policy of the sustainable development in shaowu
縣域可持續發展是指在一定時空尺度上，以長期的經濟增長及質量提高為目標，從而既滿足當代縣域發展的需要，又滿足未來縣域的發展需求。邵武是福建省的一個山區縣級市，邵武的可持續發展對閩江流域的經濟可持續發展起著重要作用。本文建立在區域可持續發展的理論基礎之上，並對區域可持續發展理論進行概括，通過對邵武資源環境和社會經濟基礎系統的分析，提出邵武可持續發展面臨的問題和所具有的潛力和優勢，充分論述邵武實現可持續發展的模式內容和實施途徑。Though not in line with the present laws and policies concerning real estate, many of the conclusions in this thesis result from the writer ' s long years of study and practice. these conclusions are as follows. law should not put a restriction to the assignment of the right to the use of land ; acceptance terms in the commercial housing advance sales are parts of its contract and are legally binding on the signatory parties ; the system should be set up to permit the assignment of collective ownership of land and the compensated use of curtilage in rural area ; law should permit the selling of rural houses to non - agricultural population ; the bona fide acquistio n should be applicable in china ; by analyzing the leagal theory and relevant cases concerning the dual purchase and sale of real estate, it is held that while stressing the power of registration, laws should protect the interest of the well - meaning party who faultlessly fails to register, and individuals should be regarded as the subject in the exclusive selling contract of commercial housing
本文是筆者長期工作實踐和精心研究的成果，許多見解與現行房地產法律、法規不一致，本文主要的創造性成果和新見解概括如下：法律不應當對土地使用權轉讓條件加以限制；預售商品房廣告承諾是商品房預售合同的組成部分並具有法律約束力；建立集體土地使用權轉讓制度和宅基地有償使用制度，許可農村房屋出賣給非農業人口，促進農村房地產業的發展；我國應適用不動產善意取得制度；通過對房屋雙重買賣法律問題的理論和相關案例分析，認為在強調登記效力的同時，應注意對善意一方當事人非因其過錯而未進行登記情況下的利益保護；個人應當成為商品房包銷合同的主體。It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason
論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。The paper attempt to applied sequential cluster method to set up the classification standard, then it regards the correlation coefficients of record values as weights and predicts the future loads by using markov chain model with weights. this method make the best of the information comprised in load series and solved the problem of obtaining weather information. not only the concrete value of the monthly sales electric energy but its range in the future is gained
實際上，各月份的氣象、經濟因素之間具有一定的相關性，這些相關信息已經包含在負荷序列中，本文嘗試將馬爾可夫鏈理論應用於負荷預測之中，應用聚類分析的方法確定分級標準，將負荷分為不同的狀態，根據狀態之間的轉移概率來推測未來負荷的發展變化，並將觀測值之間的相關系數作為權值進行綜合預測，更加合理地利用了負荷序列中包含的信息，不僅可以預測出未來負荷的具體值，而且得到了其所屬的區間，具有一定的實用價值。分享友人