In this paper, ackerman steering linkage of double - wishbone suspension is taken as the study object, choosing the splitting joint and steering lever joint to carry out the design of optimization the mathematics models are established based on the multi - body system dynamics, applying its analysis method of kinematics to study the mechanism kinetic principles owing to more spatial factors considered, and calling off many hypotheses affecting the accuracy, compared with the traditional methods, the models are better to reflect the realistic motion principles, the results are more exact and applicable moreover, the force analysis is applied to the conduct mechanism the analysis method of dynamics in the multi - body dynamics is applied to study the forces applied on every component, working out the constraint reaction force of up and down ball joints, and developing the current computation program in the end, produce the upper wishbone geometry model in the ansys software package, meshing and carrying out the fea, testifying if the intensity of the wishbone meet with the requirements
本文以雙橫臂獨立懸架的轉向傳動機構作為研究對象，選擇對斷開點和節臂球銷的位置進行優
化設計，在此基礎上建立了基於多體系統動力學的導向機構和轉向傳動機構的數學模型，運用該學科的運動學分析方法研究機構的運動規律，編制了通用優
化設計軟體。由於考慮了更多的空間因素，取消許多影響準確性的假設，因此建立的數學模型與傳統的方法相比更能反映實際運動規律，得到的優
化結果也更加精確實用。此外，本文還針對導向機構進行受力分析，在建立該機構的空間動力學模型后，運用多體動力學中的動力學分析方法研究各個桿件的受力，計算出上下球鉸的約
束反力，並開發出了相應的通用計算程序。
Programmed, indoctrinated, simplified and andradite reading teaching have been doubted and accused. how to shake off the fetter of long - lasting deposition and realize humanized solicitude has been a common theme in the revolution of reading teaching of various genres and patterns. it becomes most important to emphasize the reading process and method, and realize effective dialogue among students, teachers and texts
當教育催生新的變革的時候，我們不得不對閱讀教學作一個歷史性的回顧和現狀的反思，閱讀教學的程式
化、灌輸
化、單一
化和標準
化已經受到質疑和責難，在流派紛呈，模式眾多的閱讀教學改革中，擺脫長期積淀的
束縛，實現文科教學的人文關懷已經成為共同的話題，而側重閱讀的過程和方法，在閱讀教學中實現學生、教師和文本之間的有效對話又成為重中之重。
Parameter changes of gaussian beams after passing through astigmatic lens
高斯光
束通過像散透鏡后光
束參數的變
化
For the mu1ti - - beam swath bathymeter, array miniaturization wi th wide covering width has cause peop1e ' s more attention
對于多波
束條帶測深儀來說，使基陣小型
化而又達到大覆蓋要求的問題越來越引起人們的關注。
Binding energy of bound polaron in parabolic quantum well
拋物阱中
束縛極
化子的結合能
We should break the bondage of ossified thinking
我們要沖破保守僵
化思想的
束縛。
Considering to the continuous rigid - frame bridge construction characteristic, putting forward the idea of reverse to optimize prestressed steel. according to different construction phases, the paper gets the formual of the cantalever phase, join two section of a bridge phase and the vertical prestressed steel, and works out corresponding program
考慮大跨徑預應力混凝土連續（剛構）橋施工的特點，提出了基於倒裝方法的預應力靜定
束、合龍
束以及豎向
束的優
化設計理論，並編制了相應的計算程序。
Her crown, bouquet and necklace were made from caramelized sugar
與婚紗搭配的頭冠花
束和項鏈都是用融
化的糖製成。
Tensile tests of carbon filament yarn shows at high strain rate that the mechanical behavior of carbon fiber bundles are insensitive to strain rate, i. e., the failure stress strain and elastic modulus are not increased with the rising of strain - rate. however, the fractograph of carbon fiber is rate - dependent. the fractograph of carbon will become smooth from coarse as the strain rate increases
通過對碳纖維
束的沖擊拉伸試驗表明，雖然碳纖維
束的力學性能與應變率基本上是不相關的，即隨著應變率的增大，碳纖維
束的初始模量、破壞應力及其失效應變都變
化不大，但碳纖維
束的破壞斷口與沖擊拉伸實驗的應變率密切相關。
In these chloroplasts carbon dioxide combines with phosphoenolpyruvate to form oxaloacetic acid, which is transported to the bundle sheath cells, where the carbon dioxide is released, then fixed by the enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase to form glycerate 3 - phosphate, the first step in the calvin cycle
在葉肉細胞的葉綠體中二氧
化碳與磷酸烯醇丙酮酸結合形成草酰乙酸，后被運到鄰近的維管
束鞘細胞，在那裡二氧
化碳被釋放，后被核酮糖二磷酸羧
化酶固定形成3磷酸甘油酸，這是卡爾文的循環第一步。
Key at least 5 seconds, this can finish the defrosting compulsively
秒，能強制結
束化霜。
2. for the problem with size, stress and displacement constraints, the stress constraint is transformed into movable lower bounds of sizes, the displacement constraint is transformed into an approximate function which explicitly includes design variables by using mohr integral theory. a mathematical programming model of the optimization problem is set up. the dual programming of the model is approached into a quadratic programming model
2 .對于尺寸、應力和位移約
束的問題，將應力約
束化為動態下限，用單位虛荷載方法將位移約
束近似顯式
化，構造優
化問題的數學規劃模型，將其對偶規劃處理為二次規劃問題，採用lemke演算法進行求解，得到滿足尺寸、應力和位移約
束條件的截面最優解。
In order to assure that the stress and strain state of structure is secure, the author analyses respectively the objective functions of the reasonable finished state and buckle - cable adjusted phase ; thus, the optimized model based on fga is framed. finally according to the example, the computation datum are compared with the iterative forward analysis method and the optimal control theory. the result shows that this method can be used conveniently and meet the construction and design precision
為了滿足大跨度鋼管混凝土拱橋施工的安全性與成橋預期的內力狀態和拱肋線形，本文結合工程實例，分別對合理成橋狀態和扣索索長調整的目標函數的確定進行了分析，將一組多變量、多約
束的最小
化問題無約
束化，從而建立起適合於該問題的遺傳演算法優
化模型，將其計算結果分別與迭代前進法和隨機最優控制理論進行了比較；結果表明，採用該方法編制的基於結構計算的遺傳優
化程序操作靈活，能很好的滿足施工和設計要求。
If the defrosting time is too long, and longer than the max defrost time, the controller will end defrosting forcibly
如果
化霜時間過長，超過了「最大
化霜時間」 ，控制器將強制結
束化霜。
If this temperature reach the defrosting temperature defrost will stop, if defrost time is longer than defrosting time, micro - controller will also finish
如果
化霜時間過長，超過了「
化霜結
束時間」 ，控制器將強制結
束化霜。
If this temperature reach the defrosting temperature, defrost will stop, if defrosting time is longer than defrosting time, micro - controller will also finish
如果
化霜時間過長，超過了「
化霜結
束時間」 ，控制器將強制結
束化霜。
The controller checks the effect of defrosting by the temperature of the outdoor machine, if the outdoor machine goes up to defrost end temperature, that the controller considers the process of defrosting ends, it will end the defrosting
控制器通過外機溫度檢查
化霜效果，如果外機溫度升到「
化霜結
束溫度」 ，則認為
化霜完畢，結
束化霜。
The controller starts the defrosting function according to the defrosting cycle. after defrosted, the controller can apperceive the effect of defrosting by defrosting temperature sensor
化霜啟動后控制器會通過
化霜溫度探頭檢查
化霜效果，如果探頭溫度達到「
化霜結
束溫度」則認為
化霜完畢，結
束化霜。
Micro - controller starts the defrosting function according to the defrosting cycle. after defrosted, micro - controller can probe the evaporator temperature by defrosting temperature sensor
化霜啟動后控制器會通過
化霜溫度探頭檢查
化霜效果，如果探頭溫度達到「
化霜結
束溫度」則認為
化霜完畢，結
束化霜。
Principle micro - controller starts the defrosting function according to the defrosting cycle. after defrosted, micro - controller can apperceive the effect of defrosting by defrosting temperature sensor
化霜啟動后控制器會通過化霜溫度探頭檢查化霜效果，如果探頭溫度達到「化霜結束溫度」則認為化霜完畢，結束化霜。
