案頭研究 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [àntóuyánjiū]
案頭研究
英文
desk study-
And the deficiencies are pointed out in present researches, such as highway capacity, level - of - service, influence factor of road alignments, etc. from these, it has confirmed that the thesis should be studied from rational analysis, quantitative analysis of level - of - service, impact on capacity of road alignments, setting - up simulation model, etc. the high - accuracy gps dynamic data acquisition appearance is proposed to be used for the first time to carry on the experiment of overtaking on two - lane highways, and experiment scheme is designed according to the driver ' s perceive to judge each overtaking course. based on the experiment data, it can get two important parameters of acceptant gap ? the critical gap of overtakable time headway and returnable time headway through data processing, which can offer the strong support to the research of two - lane highway capacity with qualitative and quantitative analysis. besides, the experiment methods is provided to observe overtaking ratio and to measure the
研究中首次提出了運用高精度gps動態數據採集儀對雙車道公路上的超車行為進行觀測，設計了根據駕駛員感受度來衡量超車過程的實驗方案，並通過後期數據處理得到了超車過程中兩個重要的可接受間隙參數-可超車車頭時距和可回車車頭時距的臨界間隙值，為定性和定量分析雙車道公路通行能力提供有力的數據支持;同時，還提出了觀測超車率的實驗方法以及測量加速度干擾的實驗方案，統一了計算加速度干擾的時間統計間隔，為雙車道公路的服務水平量化研究奠定基礎;最後還簡單介紹了駕駛員問卷調查法和模擬程序中模型參數標定和驗證的數據採集方法。The gravity analysis is carried out especially for the synthetic fused silica and calcium fluoride used in 193nm lithographic objective as well as the optical elements with structural sizes of ( 200mm ~ ( 300mm. large numbers of analysis data for surface shape error are obtained by using algor finite element analysis software. then these data are plotted into curves and comparison analysis will be carried out, finally the measures and schemes for reducing gravity deformation are proposed
因此，本論文重點對大口徑光學系統在高精度光學鏡頭裝校中，因重力變形進行了詳細的分析研究，特別針對193nm光刻物鏡系統所使用的材料sytheticfusedsilica和caleiumfluoride以及用到的結構尺寸200mm ~ 300mm光學零件進行了重力變形分析，使用algor有限元分析軟體獲得了大量的面形誤差分析數據，然後將這些數據繪成曲線進行對比分析，最後提出了減小重力變形的措施與方案，並進行了實驗，驗證了分析結果是正確的，減小重力變形的方法是有效的。Hawk both feet stress one number of people each, number of people eyebrow is it erect to take place or after the vertical brain, this pattern, theme any meaning, is it study to worth also, to chisel engineer to be very much ingenious even jade wearing this, hawk eye, body, tail with latent to get up pair collude open line tick outline, feather is it adorn to carve with overcast line, seem vivid
雄鷹氣宇不凡，雙眼瞪圓，昂首引頸，展翅欲飛，頭上的肉冠極長，一直披到翼。鷹雙腳各抓一個人頭，人頭眉發豎立或垂直腦后，這一圖案，主題是什麼涵義，還值得研究，此玉佩的琢工也很巧妙，鷹目身尾用隱起雙勾陽線勾出輪廓，羽毛用陰線刻飾，顯得生動。My colleagues and i were obsessed with the detail of the stalled draft peace treaty.
我和同事們正在埋頭研究卡了殼的和平協定草案的細節。Thirty - two tears later, with the hindsight of historical perspective and a life of practicing social research on cities, the answer is : yes, there was ; no, there is currently not ; but perhaps, with luck, it will resurge in the twenty - first century, with new concepts, new methods, and new themes, because it is more necessary than ever to make sense of our lives
三十二年復，現在回過頭來看這段親身對于城市的社會研究的參與經驗，答案是：有，不過是以前有；沒有，現在沒有；但是，如果幸運點，會在廿一世紀復活，發展一些新的概念，新的研究方法，以及新的主題，因為都市社會學對於我們對生活的理解比過去更顯鈴要。In this paper, the numerical harbor should include following contents : 1. database of wave field, tidal current field, sediment field in researched area ; 2. database of ship styles. 3. numerical model used to analysis data. 4. plans of outer dike, utilities of sea line, and selections of waterway, which based on the above databases
本文認為，對于港區而言，數值化的內容應包括以下幾個方面: （ l ）所研究港區的波浪場、潮流場及泥沙場等自然條件數據庫的建立; （ 2 ）船型數據庫的建立; （ 3 ）數值分析模式的建立; （ 4 ）提出建立在自然條件基礎之上的外堤布置、碼頭岸線利用策略及航道的擬定方案（即優化模式的建立） ; （ 5 ）按照經濟最優原理快速準確地提出碼頭裝卸的策略及當前方案。In this thesis hydraulic experimental studies and theoretical analyses on the vortex - flow drop shaft were conduced and the following results were accomplished : ( 1 ) in the model test some hydraulic characteristics including the shape of air core in the center of the drop shaft, the radial distribution of water flow velocity and the distribution of pressure on the wall of the drop shaft were measured under the condition of high water head above 250m and large discharge above 1400m3 / s. ( 2 ) a kind of computational method for the spiral water flow in the air core region of drop shaft was discussed and applied and the results agree the experimental data well. ( 3 ) the total ratio of energy dissipation in the drop shaft can reach 90 % and the energy dissipation in every region was discussed quantitatively
本文通過試驗研究與理論分析對旋流式豎井泄洪洞應用於高水頭、大泄流量情況時存在的一些水力學問題進行了研究和探討，取得以下主要成果：一、結合小灣工程導流洞改建，對高水頭（ 252m ） 、大泄流量（ 1400m ~ 3 s ）條件下旋流式豎井中的水流運動特徵進行了比較全面的測量，包括空腔形態、徑向流速分佈及井壁壓強等；二、提出了豎井空腔段螺旋水流水力計算方法，其計算結果與實測值吻合良好；三、利用試驗與計算結果，對旋流式豎井的消能機理進行了探討，對豎井各部分的消能能力有了總體認識；四、對豎井下部消力井的合理井深進行了優化試驗研究，發現消力井合理深度為0 . 9d左右；五、通過試驗研究，歸納出豎井水流總摻氣量估算方法，為導流洞排氣方案的設計提供了參考依據；六、在高水頭、大流量條件下，豎井空腔段下部流速很高，盡管水流螺旋運動引起的離心力可以確保井壁壓強保持正壓，但空化數依然較低，因此豎井的空化空蝕始終是工程界關注的重大問題。First, a new locally conformal fdtd scheme suitable for analyzing bulletheaded slot is presented, with which the errors of two schemes transforming from bulletheaded slot into rectangular slot are compared. this new algorithm is also employed in analyzing an oblique bulletheaded slot in the broad wall of a rectangular waveguide
本文首次構造了一種適合於波導圓頭縫隙的共形fdtd方案，應用該方案對工程上方頭和圓頭縫隙的轉換誤差做了研究，並分析了傾斜組合裂縫的特性。The highlights of this paper include : hoop toughness criterion for longitudinal heat checking of tool joint was introduced firstly ; failure criterion for crescent - shaped wear casing was established according to the results of full - scale collapse tests ; new - typed alloy for hardbanding of tool joint was developed, its property has showed good performance in the tests
本文的主要創新點在於：以現場失效案例分析為基礎，提出了鉆桿接頭縱向熱裂的橫向韌性判據；通過對已磨損套管的實物擠毀試驗研究，確定了不均勻磨損套管的擠毀失效準則；設計出了具有獨立知識產權的鉆桿接頭硬化帶用新型耐磨減摩合金的成分，經實驗室試驗表明其性能可以達到或超過國外同類產品。The thesis emphasises on the market analysis, competition analysis, and strategy analysis. during the analysis processes, a lot of statistical materials are cited in the thesis to support the conclusion. the materials are all comes from authorized statistical organizations
為了更準確地描述市場及競爭狀況，引用了來自於行業權威機構的大量的統計數據及市場預測數據，這些數據及資料主要來源於案頭研究和行業深度訪談。The author elaborates autonomous learning categories, such as brainstorming, role - play, case studies, situated learning and so on. then the author designs a synthetical e - learning model that includes establishing unit objectives, problem driven ; creating situation, learning method instruction ; self exploring, discovering problem ; collaborative inquiry in group, communication among group ; teacher instructing, communication on web ; solving problems, constructing meaning ; forming works ; summary and evaluation
論述了頭腦風暴、角色扮演、案例研習、情景化學習等自主學習的實踐類型，嘗試設計了一種包含確立單元目標、問題驅動；創設情境、學法指導；自主探索、發現問題；小組協作探究、組間交流；教師指導、網上交流；解決問題，意義建構；形成作品；總結評價八個環節的綜合網路學習模式。A sil flying head is designed to keep the distance between sil and recording medium in near - field range. a sil optical data storage system is built up when the recording head is combined with sil flying head. meanwhile, using astigmatic focusing error detection technology and twin optical pick - up heads, a novel nontouching nanometer measurement method is developed to measure the flying height of sil, and provides us with a powerful tool to optimize the design of sil fly head
在sil存儲技術研究方面，首先提出一種光學玻璃熱熔加工製作sil的新方法，該方法克服了小半徑球透鏡加工的難題，成功製作出了半球固體浸沒透鏡；設計了sil飛行頭系統，並利用光學頭像散法聚焦誤差檢測原理，設計出一種雙光學頭sil飛行高度測量方案，實現了sil飛行頭飛行高度的測量。Based on the tribological principle and the theory of contact mechanics, it is feasible to adopt curvature - changing structure in the rock - bit journal bearing system. the structure and coupling relationship of curvature - changing journal bearing under the condition without friction have been analyzed and three kinds of sub - form structure configurations, namely, the pseudo - curvature - changing structure, the conformable curvature - changing structure, and the clearance curvature - changing structure, been differentiated according to the contacting features. the shape optimization and pre - running - in regulations of the contact surface of curvature - changing journal bearing under friction condition have been established. the results of rock bit journal bearing test indicate that the tribological behavior of the bearing can be effectively improved by curvature change based on both designing and pre - running - in
基於摩擦學原理和接觸力學理論，提出了可在牙輪鉆頭滑動軸承中採用變曲率結構.在不考慮摩擦的情況下，就結構設計和配合關系等問題進行了分析討論，劃分了準變曲率、吻合變曲率以及間隙變曲率等3種結構形式；針對考慮摩擦時的變曲率結構，提出了接觸形狀優化和預磨合的實施方案.鉆頭軸承試驗結果表明，無論是預設計變曲率還是預磨合變曲率，都能改善軸承摩擦副的摩擦學特性，因而值得進一步研究和推廣This thesis will put forward a new design project that aimed at discussing the packing sets of natural - draft counter - flow dry cooling tower, which is the research and application of the spray nozzle. the content mainly includes the experimental study of the application of the jnx - 01 spray nozzle in cooling tower, as well as the heating calculation
本文將針對自然通風逆流濕冷式冷卻塔中影響效率較大的淋水裝置提出設計改進方案，即旋轉式噴濺裝置的研究與應用，內容主要包括jnx - 01型節能旋轉式噴濺裝置及旋轉濺水碟式噴頭在冷卻塔上應用情況的試驗研究及熱力計算。It is difficult to be settled by classical theories because of fixed quality and quantity. this thesis bases on the improvement of traditional way, overcomes its i ack experience, takes the more advanced fuzzy decision - making and optimal selection theory, researches into the established model and gets the result that it ' s best to set pangtoupao storage and detention flood area on the left side of menjiang river by comparing the four schemes and ten objectives of fixed quality and quantity. the result holds identical views with the result of usual economic evaluation. so it ' s the first time using fuzzy decision - making and optimal selection theory to resolve the important and pragmatic problem comprehensively and scientifically
本文在總結用傳統的方法研究經驗與不足的基礎上，採用目前較先進的模糊優化理論及建立起的模型進行蓄滯洪區設置及規模研究，通過對嫩江四個蓄滯洪區方案， 10個定性定量目標的優化比選，得出在嫩江左岸設置胖頭泡蓄滯洪區最優，其優選結果與採用常用經濟評價方法所得結果基本一致，從而第一次用模糊優化理論較全面科學地解決松花江流域防洪工程中確定蓄滯洪區規模這一重大實際問題。In charge of one of major subjects of the national eighth five - year plan, i. e. " study on shotcreting techniques of polyacrylate emulsion cement mortar for impermeability coating of pu ding rcc dam ", the achievement of which has been appraised by the ministry of electric power and evaluated as reaching national leading level. 2. in charge of the major subject aided by the committee of national natural science funds, " study on durability of high bolumes of fly ash concrete ", the first phase achievement of which has been commended by the committee. 3. in charge of one of major subjects of the national ninth five - year plan, i. e. " study on high performance concrete in marine engineering, design and construction ". 4. acting as one of editors - in - chief of " technical specification for abrasion and cavities resistance of concrete in hydraulic structures ", which is issued by the ministry of water resources. 5. by providing the repairing and strengthening schemes on seepage and cracks of the basement of nanjing lukou international airport, the air traffic opening of the airport was ensured as scheduled. 6. consulting services on techniques of high performance and abrasion - erosion resistance concrete for three - gorges project, anti - corrosion of reinforced concrete strutures for the ore port of shanghai baoshan iron and steel works, mass fly ash concrete for jiangyin yangtze river bridge and pumping concrete for nanjing yangtze river second bridge
主持國家「八五」攻關項目「普定碾壓混凝土壩上游面丙乳砂漿防滲層大面積施工工藝研究」 ，成果通過部級鑒定，評價屬國內領先水平； 2 .主持國家自然科學基金重大項目「高摻量粉煤灰混凝土的長期性能研究「 ，階段成果獲國家自然科學基金委通報表彰與獎勵； 3 .主持國家「九五」攻關項目「海工高性能混凝土成套技術研究」 ； 4 .水利部「水工混凝土抗沖磨防空蝕技術規范」的主編之一； 5 .為南京祿口國際機場地下室修漏與裂縫補提出技術方案被采納並實施，為機場如期通航作出貢獻； 6 .為三峽工程抗沖磨高性能混凝土技術、上海寶鋼礦石碼頭鋼筋混凝土防腐蝕技術、江陰長江大橋大體積粉煤灰混凝土技術、南京長江二橋泵送混凝土技術等提供咨詢建議。However, problems caused by traditional ideologies and an insufficiency in attaching importance to talents have come into existence in many basic levels, and these problems have hindered the development of our society. based upon a through investigation and a profound analysis, this thesis argues that so far we have confronted the following problems : 1. an inferior quality in the administration of personnel file, which finds expressions in a lack of individuality and innovation as well as a fake and inaccuracy in the contents and the superiority of politics over the professions
通過大量的調查研究，作者認為人事檔案目前明顯存在的問題主要有：一、人事檔案材料內容質量不高，表現為千人一面、缺乏個性，更新滯后、內容陳舊，把關不嚴、難辨真偽，重政治輕業務等；二、人檔分離現象日趨嚴重， 「無頭檔案」增多；三、人事檔案管理體制不適應新的形勢，表現為管理體制上是多頭管理，管理體繫上仍為傳統的三大類管理，管理方法上「檔隨人走」 ，管理模式上實行封閉式管理；四、人事檔案管理方式陳舊、手段落後，仍以手工操作為主。The horizontal swirling flow internal dissipater tunnel being built in gongboxia power station will be the first one reconstructed from a diversion tunnel whose discharge reaches to 1000m vs and water head is more than 100m in china. its scheme ' s argumentation, test research and future apply will have important meanings to the design. research and engineering application of internal dissipation discharge tunnel with swirling flow, will powerfully promote engineering application of this new kind of dissipation mode, which may solve some high velocity problems in high dam construction and provide a engineering example for technological and economical augmentation in a diversion tunnel reconstruction. it is of theoretical and practical importance to promote hydraulic structure researches and development
公伯峽水電站右岸旋流內消能泄洪洞是國內第一個泄量達1000m s 、水頭超過100m ，即將修建的旋流式內消能泄洪洞，其方案的論證與試驗研究以及建成后投入使用，將在國內外旋流式內消能泄洪洞設計、研究與工程應用中具有重要的意義，將有力的推動這一新的消能形式在工程中的應用，從而為解決高壩建設中泄水建築物的高速水流問題與導流洞改建的技術與經濟問題提供工程實例，對推動與發展水工水力學的研究與發展均具有重要的理論與實踐意義。In this dissertation, the technique of test for the velocity of duplex ammunition has been studied in all respects of design, experiment, theory, computer hardware and software etc. at first the traditional techniques are reviewed and some limitations are pointed out, then a new idea about it is brought forward and a set of system for the test is designed
本文從設計、實驗、理論和單片機軟硬體等方面對雙頭彈的彈丸初速測試技術進行深入的研究和探索，回顧和總結了傳統的彈丸初速測試方法在雙頭彈初速測試中的不足之處，提出了新的雙頭彈彈丸初速測試原理，根據該原理構築了新型雙頭彈彈丸初速測試系統的總體方案、硬體子系統方案、軟體子系統方案。( 2 ) the method of finite element discrete and optimal parameter back analysis is adopted. ( 3 ) concentrated on the question of high external water pressure of the deep - lying tunnel, the basic theory and method calculating external water pressure are systematically studied. ( 4 ) based on jinping cascade 2 hydropower station, numerical simulation rain infiltration of seepage field under different drainage pattern and grouting pattern are studied, also, the high external water pressure is analyzed and studied and some seepage control measures are put forward
（ 2 ）採用有限元離散?優化法進行參數的反演分析； （ 3 ）針對深埋隧洞的高外水壓力問題，進一步分析和研究了襯砌水荷載及外水壓力的作用機理和計算方法； （ 4 ）以錦屏二級水電站深埋長引水隧洞作為本文的主要研究對象，採用考慮降雨入滲滲流場分析的方法對排水方案和灌漿封堵方案不同情況下的滲流場的水頭分佈進行了數值模擬，並對其外水壓力進行了分析和研究，提出了滲流控制的具體措施。分享友人