桿端剛度 的英文怎麼說

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。

Moreover, popularizing such system is expected. the following works have been fulfilled within this thesis : first of all, based on the general principle of virtual displacement of nonlinear continuum mechanics, the geometric and material stiffness matrices is presented, several examples show that both of them can give out accurate result

本論文主要完成了以下工作：首先，根據連續介質力學理論構造出的交錯桁架結構空間單元的幾何剛度矩陣和彈塑性剛度矩陣，算例分析表明這些矩陣能準確地計算出結構的空間二階效應和空間單元彈塑性桿端力增量，計算結果具有良好的精度。

A numerical simulation of a planar 3r manipulator is performed. the results show that the non - linear torsion springs have important influences on the joint error and tip error of manipulators. moreover, the influences of linear part of non - linear, the lumped mass of the rigid links and the angular acceleration of joint actuators on the non - linear dynamic character of flexible joint manipulator are discussed

首先，建立了剛性桿非線性關節機器人的動力學模型，之後通過一平面3r機器人進行了數值模擬，說明了在一定情況下，關節的非線性對剛性桿機器人關節變形和末端誤差具有重要影響，並在此基礎上，討論了關節線性項、桿的集中質量和關節驅動加速度對機器人關節非線性特性的影響。

Abstract : the calculation of the rigidity for the ball screw transmission system was discussed, including the axial rigidity of the screw, the axial rigidity of supporting bearing, the contact rigidity between ball and groove. the influence of the rigidity variation on the transmission accuracy was analyzed

文摘:本文系統地討論了滾珠螺旋傳動系統的剛度計算，包括螺桿本身的軸向剛度、螺桿兩端支承軸承的剛度以及滾珠與滾道間的接觸剛度，並分析了剛度變化對傳動精度的影響。

When analyzing skew support continuous curved box girder bridge, curved grid girder analyzing method considering warping effect is applied. matrix displacement method is applied in analyzing skew support continuous curved thin - walled box girder bridge with restrained bearing. in order to convert original rigidity equations to structural rigidi ty equations that can be solved, bearing nodal displacement matrix can be introduced, then unknown quantities at the edge of beams can be consistent with the restrained directions of skew bearings, unit rigidity matrix and unit nodal forces can be gained. structural rigidity matrix can be composed according to matrix displacement method, so nodal displacements and inner forces on the end of the rod that are unknown can be gained calculating equations of inner forces on any cross - section can be solved

分析斜支承連續曲線箱梁橋時，採用考慮翹曲作用的曲線格子梁分析方法，應用矩陣位移法對具有約束支承形式的斜支承連續曲線薄壁箱梁橋進行分析，考慮到支座的約束條件並不與梁端彎曲角位移和扭轉角位移的方向一致，引入支座節點坐標矩陣，使得梁端的位移未知量與斜支座約束方向一致，來計算單元剛度矩陣和單元節點力，然後按照矩陣位移法組集總剛並建立結構剛度方程，根據結構剛度方程即可求解未知的節點位移及桿端力，推導出任意截面處的內力計算公式。

Based on the force - method equation, the stiffness matrix and fixed - end nodal displacement and force vector are derived

在力法方程的基礎上，給出了組合梁單元的剛度矩陣、桿端位移向量及桿端荷載向量並建立了剛度方程。

Then a semi - rigid joint behavior can be modeled as a finite stiffness rotation spring. basing on rotation and displacement equation, we obtain the element stiffness matrixes with semi - rigid connections where the effects of material nonlinear, hysteresis behavior and shear forces in the connection deformations have been considered in and at the same time we modify the fixed - end forces. finally, a program for calculating the elastic - plastic earthquake seismic of semi - rigid connected steel frame structure by step and step integration of wilson -

本文在介紹和分析半剛性連接彎矩與轉角連接關系模型的基礎上，用帶有轉動剛度的彈簧表徵半剛性連接，推導出半剛性連接的剛度矩陣，並對桿件固端力進行修正，同時在考慮剪切變形、材料彈塑性、及構件的動力滯回性能的基礎上，編制了結構彈塑性地震動力時程分析有限元計算程序。

Bar - end rotation stiffness of continuous beam and its application in moment distribution method

連續梁的桿端轉動剛度及其在力矩分配法中的應用

At last, with the stiffness method, the effect of diaphragm density on restraining the distortion of thin - walled bar is analyzed. with different load cases of uniformly load and concentrated load and different boundary conditions of two fixed ends and two simply supported ends and cantilever, the distortion and torsion of the same rectangle thin - walled girder is examined

在均布和集中兩種反對稱荷載情況下，按兩端固定、兩端簡支和懸臂三種不同的支承情況，採用剛度法對同一矩形截面薄壁桿件的畸變和剛性扭轉分別進行分析。

Adopting relatively simple mechanical model and predigested boundary condition and taking a straight bar applied one end with an semi - sine impulse to simulate the rigid target impacted by a projectile as an example, the relation between the stress wave propagation and acceleration of projectile has been analyzed by theoretical deduction and computer simulation

摘要採用較為簡單的力學模型和簡化的邊界條件，以直桿一端施加一半正弦載荷脈沖和模擬彈體沖擊剛性靶為例，用理論推導和計算機模擬的方法分析應力波傳播和彈體加速度的關系。