The calculation modes of the coefficient of shrinkage and creep of the bulgy core concrete in steel tube are discussed. based on a few reasonable hypotheses and the stress - strain relation of concrete acquired by the " adjusting valid modulus depending on load time " method, a compact formula is reasoned out, which is applied to calculate the equivalent elastic modulus of the bulgy core concrete considering the affection of shrinkage and creep. so, the analysis of the affection on cfst arch bridge by shrinkage and creep can be progressed by pole - girder fem, further more, the analysis precision is quite high
本文還對核心膨脹混凝土特殊的收縮、徐變
系數計算模式展開了探討，在合理的假設前提下，採用「齡期調整的有效模量法」得到的混凝土的本構關
系，推導出鋼管內核心混凝土在考慮徐變影響后的等效彈性模量計算公式，並以此為基礎採用
桿系有限元方法來對鋼管混凝土拱橋進行較高精度的收縮徐變分析。
Pole system fem analysis of double spring model
雙彈簧地基模型的
桿系有限元分析
Equipped with excellent sound, lighting systems and many other advanced theatrical facilities, which include 24 remote - controlled motorised drapes, a flying system which comprises more than a hundred of motorised and manual cross stage hoists, an adjustable forestage, 2 - in - 1 convertible orchestra shell with a film projection screen
場內配備先進的音響和燈光
系統，以及靈活多樣化的舞臺設施，包括24幅全港獨有的遙控機動帷幕過百條電腦及人手操控舞臺懸景吊
桿系統伸延舞臺二合一活動迴音板和電影銀幕等。
In order to considering the affections of the adjacent zone out of the girdler section, the internal - forces of two end surface which were obtained by the horizontal shaft system analysis are exerted on each model respectively. moreover, the weight, cable force and prestressing forces including girder longitudinal, diaphragm transverse and inclined web vertical directions are considered
考慮到梁段以外附近區域的作用，在其兩端面上施加了由平面
桿系結構分析所得的端面內力，另外，索力和預加力（梁縱向、橫隔梁橫向、斜腹板豎向）也施加在相應的位置，分析了箱形主梁在自重、索力和預應力作用下的空間應力效應。
For proscenium performances, the stage is equipped with a flying system for the putting up of scene curtains, sufficient for large scale production
如採用幕景，舞臺上的吊
桿系統設有多條吊
桿供懸掛布景，足夠應付大型舞臺演出。
This paper introduces the developing tendency of the space structure and the application of the pretensioned space lattice structure, summarize the analysis method and relation between lattice structure and pretensioned space lattice structure. dissertate the space pole - truss displacement method, tendon working principle, set forth the method of optimal design and whole process design. includes the use stage design and construction stage design of pretensioned space lattice structure
本文首先介紹了空間結構的發展趨勢及拉索預應力空間網格結構的應用情況，概述了網格結構與拉索預應力空間網格結構的分析方法及其相互關
系，論述了空間
桿系桁架位移法，拉索作用機理，闡述了拉索預應力空間網格結構的優化設計及全過程設計的設計方法，包括拉索預應力空間網格結構使用階段的設計和施工階段的設計。
By emptying the above mentioned theoris and conclusions, this paper introduces detailedly the whole process of the compare and selection of cangzhou city gongrong road canal bridge ' s plan, design calculation and check of structure. the internal force calculation of the bridge adopts the program of plane member system ( bricas ), and it was checked by the program of brcad
本文最後應用上述理論和結論，以大量篇幅詳細介紹了滄州市光榮路運河橋（下承式鋼管混凝土
系桿拱橋）從方案比選到結構設計和計算、驗算的全部過程，以及施工中的要點，本橋內力計算採用平面
桿系有限元計算程序， （交通部公規院的《橋梁設計綜合計算程序》 （ bricas4 . 0 ） ） ，並採用空間有限元程序（ brcad2 . 0 ）進行驗算。
The static analysis of the long span plate - truss composite cable - stayed bridges. first, the cr formation on the geometric non - linear structural analysis is introduced. next, the structural discretization of cable - stayed bridge, the stiffness matrix the formation of nodal force and the simulated construction system are introduced
首先介紹了本文採用的
桿系結構幾何非線性問題的分析方法? cr列式法，其次介紹了板桁結合斜拉橋的結構離散及
桿單元、梁單元的剛度矩陣以及節點力的形成方法，然後介紹了斜拉橋施工模擬體
系的形成。
Secondly applying the finite element method, the model of suspension bridge and develops computer software system - sbcs are built in this paper
其次，應用有限單元法，建立了相應的懸索橋計算模型，利用平面
桿系通用有限元計算程序進行結構分析，編制了懸索橋施工控制分析計算
系統sbcs 。
A method for calculating truss reliability based on matrix force method
基於矩陣力法的
桿系結構可靠度計算方法
According to the empirica1 design methqds, we can safe1y say that the method proposed can satisfy the 1imit state of load bearing capacity as we11 as that of the serviceabi1ity l imit state
根據鋼筋混凝土
桿系結構設計經驗，可以認為該法同時滿足了結構承載力極限狀態和正常使用極限狀態的要求。
Using non - saturable polyester resin as its basal masal and unidirectional fiberglass woven fabrics as its skel eton, the frp pole is taken shape by ce - ntrifugal kr twine forming process and has high axial strength and its content if fiberglass is over 50 %. the frp light pole
Frp燈
桿系採用不飽和聚酯樹脂為基材，以單向布為主的玻璃纖維織物為骨架，採用離必成型工藝或發纖維骨架通過纏繞成型工藝製作而成，玻璃纖維含量在家50 %以上，軸向強度很高。
We produce five main series of forgings. front - axle for medium and heavy - duty truck, balance - axle, serial turning - joint, crankshaft, serial connecting rod, strikoff - board for comprehensive coal tunneling machine, serial chain - wheel, forged valves for export, serial forged parts for armored vehicles
工廠現有主要產品五大
系列：中重型載重汽車前軸、平衡軸、轉向節
系列、發動機曲軸、連
桿系列、綜合採掘機刮板、鏈輪
系列、外貿各類專用閥體
系列、特種軍用車輛鍛件
系列。
On topology - type optimization of trusses under multiple load cases
多工況下
桿系結構拓撲型優化設計
The curve of arch rib, rib section bending, splice of rib sections, seperator of tube, bracing plates, bracing system, meeting of arch, concrete pumping, hangers, tie - rods, the tower of the cable crane and the guy ropes, technical specifications of cfst arch bridge are discussed
對鋼管混凝土拱橋的拱軸線選用、鋼管節段彎制、節段拼接、管內分隔倉、綴板設計、聯結繫
系統、合龍設計及其細節、管內混凝土的泵送、吊
桿、
系桿、纜索吊機與扣索塔架、技術規范等12個問題進行了探討。
Rocker system for 30t up to 50t
用於30t到50t的搖
桿系統
The foundation engineering is typical in both excavation depth and scale, on the basis of in - situ investigation, the design optimistic of retaining wall was discussioned in this paper, the mian reseaches including : the using of fem optimazition methods of rods system ; the delvopment of programs for optimazition of imbedding depth of structure based on matlab and for whole design optimaziton of the retaining structures based on ansys, under the two controlling factors of the saft coefficient and the reliability probability about the whole damage of retaining atructure ; the analysis on the m index of soil, the depth of retaining structures imbedded in the rock and the overall optimistic design of retaining structures
該基礎工程不論在開挖深度還是規模上都很具有代表性。作者在現場調研的基礎上，探討了基坑支護結構設計優化問題。主要研究內容可以歸納為：應用基於m法的彈性地基梁
桿系有限元方法；在圍護結構整體穩定性安全
系數與可靠性破壞概率兩種控制因素下，編寫了嵌巖深度優化的matlab程序與圍護結構整體設計優化的ansys批處理程序；進行了地層抗力比例
系數反算、地下連續墻嵌巖深度優化與地下連續墻結構體
系整體設計優化。
Considering the state - of - the - art of such kind of structural system, the author gives a simulative analysis of the system with the feiyunjiang bridge in wenzhou zhejiang province as an engineering example using three methods : 3 - d beam or bar fem, classical plate / shell fem and virtual laminated element method. the virtual laminated element method may deals with many key issues in simply - supported - continuous system easily such as the matter of actual material or virtual material, mesh replacement
針對國內外對先簡支后連續結構體
系的研究普遍缺乏深度這一現狀，我們以浙江溫州瑞安市飛雲江大橋引橋為工程背景，運用空間梁
桿系有限元、經典的板殼單元法以及虛擬層合單元法對該體
系進行了施工模擬分析。
Jc copper material company is a professional manufacturer in copper alloy material
銅合金棒銅排
系列銅
桿系列
This paper mainly deals with the subjects below : the problem on fem analysis, general reliability analysis and calculation, and optimization based on the general reliability of the random or fuzzy parameters structure ; and also brings forward a method for getting the fuzzy answers from the fem equation by taking the fuzzy multiplier from a fuzzy variable ; in the fem analysis and structural reliability optimization, the randomcity and fuzziness of the structural physical parameters and the load applied on the structures are all considered
文中對隨機和模糊參數結構在不確定性荷載作用下的結構有限元分析、可靠性分析和基於可靠性的優化設計等問題進行了研究。以桿系結構為對象，提出結構分析的模糊因子方法，其中分別或同時考慮了結構材料的物理參數、構件的幾何尺寸和作用荷載幅值等的隨機性和模糊性；對結構響應（位移、應力）為模糊變量時的廣義可靠度進行了推導。
