梯形反應 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [tīxíngfǎnyīng]
梯形反應
英文
staircase reaction-
In order to fully refect the geo - tech basic mechanics behaviors and to rationally explain the strain localization, this paper establishes the theory framework of gradient - dependent plastic model based on the theory framework of gradient - dependent plastic mechanics and in considering the plastic strain ' s gradient - dependence in double yield function, offers a kind of possible concrete pattern of the generalized plastic gradient model and analyzes each parameter of the model, particularly with the physical sense of " localized parameters " and the elements producing possible effect upon the model
為了較全面地反映巖土的基本力學性質，同時合理解釋應變局部化現象，本文基於廣義塑性力學的理論框架，在雙重屈服函數中考慮了塑性應變的梯度依賴，建立了廣義塑性梯度模型的理論框架，並給出了廣義塑性梯度模型的一種可能的具體形式，分析了該模型的各個模型參數，尤其是其中的「局部化參數」的物理意義和可能對其產生影響的因素。The numerical algorithm of solving the adjoint equations for different design cases have been developed by using finite volume methodology which is usually used to solve the flow governed equation. it includes the some important aspects, such as flux formulation, wall and far - field boundary treatment methodology, dissipative term formulation, etc. after the solution of the adjoint equations is obtained, the derivatives of the cost function with respect to all the design variables can be evaluated with the same operation. this can yields a significant saving over the other gradient - based techniques when there are many design variables
（ 3 ）進行了應用控制理論和三維歐拉方程的機翼氣動反設計研究，以及有升力約束情形下機翼跨音速減阻問題研究，分別推導了相應的共軛方程及邊界條件數學表達形式，研究與發展了三維共軛方程的有限體積數值求解方法，及相應梯度公式的數值求解方法，通過對計算網格生成、流場計算、共軛方程數值求解、梯度求解和優化演算法等多方面的有效結合，成功發展了三維機翼的氣動反設計和跨音速減阻優化設計程序，成功地進行了多個設計算例研究。Based on the results of previous researchers, the following instigations have been carried out in this paper : ( 1 ) employing a reasonable local resonance model which can accurately embody the heat - generation behavior due to resonance and vibration - heat mode in delaminated region, the dynamic response and temperature distribution in the small delamination region of a laminated beam are formulated. influence of the excitation frequency on the temperature gradient formation is analyzed numerically, and several meaningful conclusions are drawn. ( 2 ) for laminated plates with delaminations, due to complexity of the analytical solution, the finite element method is employed to analyze their temperature distributions and satisfactory results are also obtained
本文在前人研究的基礎上，對此方法進行了進一步的探討，主要做了以下的工作： （ 1 ）選取合理的、能夠準確反映由共振而產生熱量的行為的局部響應模型，以及合理的振動熱模式，推導了一維層合梁小脫層區域的振動響應及梁的溫度分佈，並編製程序計算了該層合梁在激勵一段時間后的溫度分佈趨勢，分析了激勵頻率對溫度梯度形成的影響，得到了一些有意義的結論； （ 2 ）對於二維層合板，由於解析解的形式異常復雜，本文採用有限元計算軟體對其溫度分佈進行了分析，也得到了較為滿意的結果。The fem results indicated that as to the rough surfaces in sliding contact, the value of the contact pressure was very high which coursed a high value of the heat flow rate, meanwhile the sliding time was not enough for the frictional heat to transfer, thus the highest value of the body temperature occurred just on the sliding surfaces, which possessed a sharp thermal gradient in direction perpendicular to the sliding surface. so the great thermal stress was caused just by the sharp gradient and the thermal elastic distortion with which the contact pressure changed occurred simultaneously, thus this change of the contact pressure would affect the temperature distribution in return
對于相對滑動的粗糙表面，因實際接觸面積小而導致接觸壓力很大，這樣使得熱流密度會很大，同時由於滑動時間很短，熱來不及傳導，最高溫度發生在摩擦表面，在垂直於摩擦面的方向有很大的溫度梯度，使得熱應力很大，且最大應力發生在表面，同時產生熱彈性變形，這種變形使得接觸區域內的壓力分佈發生變化，這種變化又反過來影響了接觸區域的溫度分佈。The effective optimization design programs for different cases are developed by integrating the following several aspects which involves the flow analysis, adjoint equation solution, gradient solution, optimal arithmetic and grid generation. some practical design tests for airfoil and wing show that the continuous adjoint approach is very effective and useful method for aerodynamic optimization design. at the same time, we have done the research of aerodynamic optimum design for airfoils by using navier - stokes equations
（ 4 ）研究了基於控制理論和三維navier一stokes方程的優化設計理論，在計算坐標下詳細推導了該優化設計理論，得到了計算坐標系下描述的共扼方程數學描述形式，並以給定目標壓力分佈的氣動反設計為例，導出了相應的共扼方程邊界條件，以及關鍵的梯度求解具體表達形式，為了求解方便，把計算空間上描述共扼方程表達形式變換到物理空間中進行描述，通過與ns方程表達形式對比分析，最終給出了一種直觀的共轆方程表達方式。Shibin wu ( optical engineering ) directed by yapei yang ， jiahu yuan manufacturing technologies for large - aperture lightweight mirror are one of the development directions in advanced optical manufacturing technologies. the lightweight mirror has the incomparable advantages than that of the solid mirror. the lightweight mirror has overcome the mirror surface deformation caused by selfweight of the solid mirror, reduces or eliminates the deformation of thermal expansion in solid mirror surface induced by environmental temperature variations and temperature gradient appeared on mirror body. mechanical weight - reduction is one of the three lightening technologies for large - aperture mirror. the technology has the advantages of simple process, small technical difficulty, common equipment conditions and wide material selection range. the technology has been extensively investigated and applied in the technical field of optical engineering at home and abroad
它克服了實心反射鏡因自重而引起的鏡面變形，降低或消除了實心反射鏡因環境溫度變化及鏡體溫採用機械鉆銑輕量化技術的輕型鏡研製度梯度的出現而產生的鏡面熱膨脹變形。機械減重輕量化技術是大口徑反射鏡輕量化技術的三種方法之一。它具有工藝簡單、技術難度較小、設備條件要求不高和選材范圍廣泛等優點，在國內外光學工程技術領域得到了廣泛的研究和應用。We generated its grid surface on the fuselage or missile body according to the geometry projection relation between aerodynamic components and the bilinear interpolation approach. finally, we successfully developed a new algebra grid generation technique in virtue of the improved four - boundary interpolation. in this thesis, we put emphasis on the researches of aerodynamic inverse design and drag reduction questions for airfoil and wing using euler equations and control theory proposed by jameson
（ 2 ）進行了應用控制理論和二維歐拉方程的翼型氣動反設計，以及有升力約束情形下翼型跨音速減阻問題研究，分別推導了相應的共軛方程及邊界條件的數學形式，並給出了相應的梯度求解公式形式，研究發展了共軛方程及梯度的數值求解方法，成功進行了多個翼型的反設計和減阻問題研究。Discussed conditions and factors of synthesis of the polydimethylsiloxane - phenylsilsesquioxane with pdms and ptms. analyzed the character of the polydimethylsiloxane - phenylsilsesquioxane with ir 、 1h - nmr
摘要探討了用羥基硅油（ pdms ）和苯基三甲氧基硅烷（ ptms ）合成聚二甲基硅氧烷梯形苯基倍半硅氧烷共聚物的反應條件，通過ir 、 1h - nmr確定了目標產物的結構。In this part, response spectrum and fourier amplitude spectrum are studied, the main results are as follows : 1 ) response spectrum analysis : a ) absolute acceleration response spectrum ( sa ) : ( 1 ) in general, response spectrum decrease with depth, for m < 4. 5, the shape and the predominant period of each response spectrum in different depths are similar : the variation of spectra with depth focus on near - surface level ; the normalized spectra are similar to each other, except the predominant perk value in middle depth of some earthquakes is higher than other depth
地震動反應譜沿深度變化的規律（ l ）加速度反應譜（ s 、 ）沿深度的變化規律一般，加速度反應譜（ s 。 ）隨深度的增加而減小。震級較小時，不同深度各測點的反應譜形狀很相似，卓越周期基本一致;淺層處反應譜沿深度的變化梯度較大;深層處反應譜大小比較接近;強震時，反應譜形狀在短周期有較小差別，長周期逐漸接近。A new interface - perturbation model of solid - state displacement reactions ternary system is suggested and the interface - stability criterion is derived in the form of chemical potential if the chemical potential of rate - control - element at frontier of tiny perturbative zone goes up less than 20. 7 %, linear interface will grow up stablly and form layered structure ; if it goes up more than 20. 7 %, linear interface is not stable and will form aggregate structure
通過建立界面擾動模型，推導了三元固態置換反應系界面穩定性的化學勢梯度判據。結果表明：如果擾動微區前沿速率控制元素的化學勢梯度升高小於20 . 7 ，平面界面穩定長大，將形成層狀結構；若大於20 . 7 ，平面界面不穩定長大，將形成束集型結構。The numerical model based on vof method gives the bragg resonance phenomena and the resonant reflection coefficient agrees well with the result of physical experiment. the numerical simulation on the interaction between surface waves and the triangle / trapezium sandbars on the seabed also shows the bragg resonance and the resonant period matches the davies " prediction
應用vof方法所建立的數學模型，在與物理模型試驗相同條件下，數值模擬反映出的bragg共振現象及得到的最大反射系數與物理模型試驗結果吻合；對波浪與三角形或梯形沙壩地形相互作用的數值模擬也較好地反映出了bragg共振現象，共振周期與davies理論預測一致。分享友人