概算單位 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [gàisuàndānwèi]
概算單位 英文
budget estimates unit
  • 概 : Ⅰ名詞1 （大略） general outline 2 （神氣） manner of carrying and conducting oneself; deportment ...
  • 算 : Ⅰ動詞1 （計算數目） calculate; reckon; compute; figure 2 （計算進去） include; count 3 （謀劃;計...
  • 位 : Ⅰ名詞1 （所在或所佔的地方） place; location 2 （職位; 地位） position; post; status 3 （特指皇帝...
  • 概算 : financial estimates; budgetary estimate; approximate amount; rough calculation; general estimate...
  1. On this foundation the article inducts in detail the method which is based on the relative settlement of calculating unit area end support ( qb ) force at the same time considering the feature of pedestal pile ' s " arch effect " the article introduces conception of pile effective length and finally obtain t he formula of calculating man - made pipe with bulb - shaped axial carrying capacity. the article uses marc program to calculate and analyze foundation soil ' s stress and displacement and gets the change curve chart and the proportion that is shared by king - pipe side soil friction resistance and pipe end counterforce respectively. the article inducts the structure of pedestal in detail on the basis of generalizing pedestal application cases of many countries

    在此基礎上論文詳細歸納了以相對沉降為依據確定單位面積端承力q _ b的計算方法，並考慮擴底樁的「拱效應」特點引入了有效樁長的概念，最後結合公路規范推出了比較實用的人工挖孔擴底樁軸向承載力計算公式。論文運用了marc程序對地基土的應力和位移進行了有限元數值計算分析，得到了地基土的應力和位移場的變化曲線和在加載過程中樁側土摩阻力和樁端反力各自所承擔的比例；本文還在總結各國挖孔擴底樁應用情況的基礎上就擴底樁的構造進行了詳細的歸納。
  2. Abstract : this paper described the basic concept and expressions of the decibel and neper. it also explained some merits of the calculation rntes and application ranges of the measuremeut units

    文摘:本文闡述了分貝與奈培的基本概念和表示方法，同時還說明了該計量單位的優點、計演算法則和應用范圍。
  3. The development of fieldbus technology made lonworks field bus outstanding in all kinds of fieldbus. this paper simply introduces some kinds of common using fieldbus and the important position and influence of lonworks fieldbus in all kinds of fieldbus, carefully describes the technology core of lonworks technology, puts great emphasis on the introduction of the development and design of public security node of intelligent district which adopts computer, communication and control technology, carefully designs the interfaces of hardware circuits. the public security node of intelligent adopts 8031 single chip as its main processor to complete the application program of user, which mainly collects, process and control all kinds of field signal, and neuron chip 3150 as its slave processor to communicate with other nodes on field network, which works under parrel slave a mode

    現場總線技術的發展使得lonworks技術脫穎而出，本文簡要介紹了常用的幾種現場總線的概況以及lonworks技術在現場總線技術中的地位和影響，對lonworks技術的技術核心：神經元晶元、 lontalk協議、 lonworks收發器、 lonbuilder及nodebuilder進行詳盡的描述；重點介紹了集先進的計算機技術、通信技術、控制技術為一體的智能小區安防節點的開發與研製，對節點硬體電路的各種介面進行了詳盡的設計。本文設計的智能小區安防節點採用單片機8031作為主處理器來完成用戶的應用程序，主要負責對各種現場信號進行採集、處理及控制，工作在并行從a方式下的神經元晶元mc3150作為從處理器，主要完成與現場網路上的各節點及中心控制室之間的通信工作。
  4. The synchronization of frequency hopping method referenced the jtrs radio system of usa military, and designed a synchronization method used in our radio include creating the frequency hopping map and the base band frame architecture in frequency hopping mode. the paper also analyzed the synchronization capability on theory. it has been proved correct on theory by showing the false probability, capture probability and the synchronization time

    對跳頻圖案的產生和跳頻的幀結構，本文不僅從理論上分析了同步性能，給出了虛警概率和檢測概率，估算了同步的捕獲時間，證明均能滿足系統指標要求，而且通過與合作單位進行的整機聯調和實測證實了該方案的可行性。
  5. The motion - based layered compression scheme in this dissertation is different from the traditional full picture - process method, using different encoding strategy by classify marcoblock in temporal motion, a high encoding efficiency is achieved in experiment

    本文提出的基於運動的分級壓縮演算法，打破了以往時空伸縮全幀處理的概念，實驗中以塊為單位按時間頻率分等級，分別採用不同的編碼策略，達到較好的編碼效率。
  6. We analyze the assembly model and propose a mathematics model and tree - representing model of the assembly who not only has a small data size, but also can be manipulated easily. this thesis not only gives the virtual representing concept the instance representing one, but also defines the concept of assembly constraint such as coupling, being alignment, being coaxial and being equidirectional. based on such concepts, a revised newton - raphson iterative algorithm is proposed, which can deal with the singularity and ill - condition of jacobi matrix

    首先分析了裝配體的模型問題，提出了裝配體的數學模型及樹形式表示的裝配體表示模型，模型具有數據量小、操作簡單的優點：文章對所涉及的約束諸如耦合、對齊、同軸、同向的裝配體位置描述概念進行了定義，引入了裝配約柬概念，從而提高了裝配設計效率；在此基礎上，文章討論了裝配約束的求解方法，提出了newton rapson迭代法的改進演算法，使得系統能更好地處理jacobi矩陣的奇異和病態的情形。
  7. Firstly, the circumstances of focimeter, the working principle of automatic focimeter, the mcu arm and the picture sensor are introduced in this paper. and then based on the optical principle of the automatic focimeter, the research on the optical arithmetic of lens ’ parameters and the arithmetic on the picture point are presented. and after that, the design of the whole system, the design of the optical system, the design of the mechanical system and the design of the electrical system are discussed. and then the design of the hardware system and the design of the software system are emphatically discussed

    本文首先介紹了焦度計的概況、自動焦度計的工作原理、 arm單片機及圖像傳感器;然後結合自動焦度計的工作原理，對焦度計中一些光學參數的演算法以及中心像點的位置檢測演算法進行了研究和討論;接著介紹了總體方案的設計、光路系統的設計、機械繫統的設計以及電氣系統的設計;接下來重點討論了硬體和軟體的設計。
  8. The third part : according to the verified structural damage identification method and supposing the to - be identified parameters to be independent and have normal distribution, the scheme of identifying bridge structure damage is proposed by using the probability damage identification method. assume the zero - order, the first - order and the second - order perturbation statistics of the frequencies and the mode shapes of the bridge structures are known, and substitute them into the statistics property formulas of the frequencies and the mode shapes, as a result an objective function including the mean values and the variance of all the identified parameters is established. set

    對于連續梁橋，當損傷位置位於跨中附近時，大多數無損傷單元的損傷概率均在10 %左右，可作為小概率事件，不發生損傷，但與損傷單元相鄰的無損傷單元，其損傷概率達到20 %以上，很難被排除，只有對這些單元進行二次識別，才能得到比較可靠的計算結果;如果損傷位於支點附近時，則不會出現上述情況，對于無損傷單元，損傷概率都小於10 % ，不發生損傷，損傷識別結果
  9. This paper presents a new face detection algorithm for color video images based on skin color and multimodal information fusion. first, this paper presents a new means for selecting skin samples ; and then comparing skin distribution in the eight color spaces and analyzing the adaptability for different skin patterns, poses a face initial orientation ' s method which uses the single gaussian model in the tsl color spaces, and calculates skin probability images ; afterwards comprehensive comparing three typical threshold value separating algorithms, put forwards a face separating method which bases on region growing and fuses multimodal informations ; final, raises a face confirming algorithm which fuses three shape features

    首先提出了?種新的膚色樣本選取方法；然後通過對八種色空間膚色分佈的比較以及不同膚色模型適應性的分析，提出了在tsl色空間上用單峰高斯模型模擬膚色分佈，求得膚色概率圖進行人臉初定位的方法；隨后在綜合比較三個典型閾值化分割演算法的基礎上，提出了融合多源信息進行區域生長分割人臉的演算法；最後提出了融合三個形狀特徵的人臉確認演算法。
  10. The particles aggregation was simulated using particle - cluster and cluster - cluster aggregation model. several type of floes was reached and its morphological characteristics was analyzed the fractal dimension, density and porosity of floes was studied by changing sticking probabilities, sticking position, particle number, particle concentration, difrusion coefficient and motion trajectory. the parameters by which special floes growth were determined. in the study of morphology, floes of yellow river ' s loess particles was observed by tv - microscope. its morphological characteristics were obtained by image analysis. the effect of fractal dimensions by stirring time strring speed, macromolecule flocculant dosage, flocculant concentration and particle concentration was studie. its rule of change was obtained. on the basis of other studies, the flocculation kinetics and floes structure was studied

    本文應用計算機模擬技術，在二維空間內採用單體凝聚和集團? ?集團凝聚兩種模型對顆粒凝聚過程進行了模擬，得到了多種形態的絮體，並對絮體進行了形態分析，通過改變粘附概率、粘附位置、顆粒數量、顆粒濃度、擴散系數和運動路徑等模擬參數，我們考察了絮體分形維數、密度和孔隙率隨模擬條件變化的影響規律，得到了形成特定形態絮體的控制參數。
  11. The water seepage from canal systems was one of the major factors in the analysis of water supply - demand balance. through the analysis of the monitoring data on water delivery in the canal systems, a generalized model of water loss at a unit length of canal and a mathematic model of canal percolation replenishment to the moving table of underground water were recommended

    渠系滲漏是供需平衡分析過程中的一個主要因素，通過對渠系輸水測試資料的分析研究，本文提出了單位長度渠系輸水損失量的概化模型和變動水位條件下渠系滲漏補給量的數學計算模型。
  12. This experiment include many contents, in a word, that is summer condition experiment, winter condition experiment > summer - winter transition condition experiment and winter - summer transition condition experiment, furthermore summer condition experiment still include flux changing experiment and winter condition experiment still include thermal balance experiment this article dealt with the data of the test, calculating out energy absorbing ( energy discharging ) of buried pipe in winter condition ( summer condition ), input power of heat pump x heat exchanging of piece buried pipe length x co - efficiency performance ? op ( energy efficiency rate ? er ) and average heat exchanging coefficient ; in additiont this article compares the inlet water temperature and outlet water temperature of underground the first layer and the second layer buried pipe when heat pump was running, the results are that the heat exchanging ability of the second layer buried pipe outgos the first layer buried pipe, and heat exchanging is more stable ; and still analyse earth temperature resuming in the transition season. the results are earth temperature resume fast in the first week when the heat pump runs off

    本文測試內容相當多，概括地說就是四個工況的測試，即夏季製冷工況的測試、冬季供熱工況的測試、夏?冬過渡季測試和冬?夏過渡季測試；另外在夏季工況的測試中還進行了變流量測試，在冬季工況的測試中還進行了熱平衡測試。本文對測試數據進行了處理，計算出了冬（夏）季工況埋管吸（放）熱量、熱泵空調器供熱量（製冷量） 、熱泵空調器輸入功率、埋管單位管長換熱量、供熱性能系數（製冷能效比）和平均傳熱系數等；另外，還比較了熱泵運行時地下一二層埋管進出水溫度變化情形，得出地下二層埋管換熱能力優于地下一層埋管，且換熱很穩定；並分析了過渡季地下一二層埋管溫度恢復情形，得出熱泵系統停機一周內地溫恢復特別快。
  13. This paper sets up the concept of the proportion of unloading and the relative proportion of unloading, sets up a mathematical pattern for the using of the packing materials on the base of the relative proportion of unloading. meanwhile we can design the packing dimension of the compressive wood piece, and it points out that per unit loading of the track pattern packing plan is the largest. the proportion of per loading has increased by 116. 6 % over that not compressing, and 30. 64 % over cylinder packing

    本文建立了空裝率和相對空裝率的概念，並利用相對空裝率，對包裝物的材料利用程度建立了一種數學模型，提出了計算方法，同時據此設計木片壓實裝袋打包尺寸，指出跑道形包裝方案的單位裝載量最大，與未壓縮裝袋相比提高單位裝載率116 . 62 ，與長方體裝袋相比提高單位裝載率30 . 64 ，並可以充分利用c60火車的額定運載能力。
  14. On the assumption of ignoring the distortion of thickness, this paper determines the rough shape by the geometric modeling method of equal area developing using mixed mesh cell of triangle and quadrangle for the first time, presents the equal area developing arithmetic of quadrangle - triangle. on the virtual geometric symmetry axis, we puts forward the method of determining the developed coordinate of the point on the base band in the development of using regular quadrangle cell, determines the developed shape of internal structure in plane utilizing point - to - point mapping theory. furthermore, we realize the approximate developing of undeveloped - irregular boundary surface using a few triangle cells

    本文結合型號研製中小曲率機翼整體壁板類零件坯料展開課題，基於板料厚向變形忽略不計的先驗假設，首創混合四邊形-三角形網格等面積展開的幾何模擬法確定壁板類零件毛坯外形，給出了混合四邊形-三角形網格等面積展開演算法；提出了虛擬分割線的概念，採用虛擬幾何對稱軸，給出了規整四邊形單元展開基帶上結點的計算方法；採用映射原理和求交演算法確定了壁板內部結構信息的展開定位。
  15. Abstract : based on the basic concept of the revolving shell, the equation of the middle surface generatrix of the approximate ellipsoid portion of the ellipsoidal head is derived, the unwrapped area and the unwrapped diameter of the ellipsoidal head are calculated, the result is compared with that of derived from the real ellipsoid and that of calculated from the empirical equation, relative chart and code are given out, which could be used by manufactures for reference

    文摘:根據回轉殼體的基本概念，推導了橢圓封頭的近似橢圓殼部分的中面母線方程，據此推導計算了橢圓封頭的展開面積及展開圓直徑，並根據橢圓殼幾何形狀推導的結果與經驗公式所得結果進行了比較，給出了有關圖表及計算程序，可供製造單位參考使用。
  16. In order to solve the problem that there is no theoretic foundation on how to set parameters in ga, this paper presents parameter rules based on analyzing the search ability of ga operators. then, use these rules to analyze an instance of model identification which is based on ga

    本文針對遺傳參數缺乏理論指導的問題，採用簡單的概率分析方法，從遺傳運算元的搜索能力的角度出發，分析了變異運算元作用機理，得出部分演算法參11浙江大學碩士學位論文數的關聯約束。
  17. Secondly, considering the complexity of the analysis of inclined - loading pile, nonlinear finite element method is adopted to calculate the internal force and displacement of pile group under inclined loads, with the concept of equivalent width presented to simplify 3d problems into 2d problems. and a program is developed as well, which is able to consider the continuity, elastic - plasticity and layered characteristic of soil around the pile shaft. besides, the interactions among pile, base slab and soil are considered in this program and contact surface element is used to simulate slipping and crazing between pile and soil, or between base slab and soil under loads. then, the non - tension analysis is proposed, to reflect the low - tensile property of soil and concrete

    在此基礎上，針對傾斜荷載下群樁基礎分析中的復雜性，提出採用非線性有限元對傾斜荷載下群樁的內力及位移進行分析，應用樁的等效寬度概念將空間問題簡化為平面問題考慮，並開發出能考慮樁周土介質連續性、彈塑性、分層性等因素的傾斜荷載下群樁內力及位移分析的計算機程序，並在程序中考慮了樁、土、承臺的相互作用，提出了採用接觸面單元來考慮荷載作用下樁與土體及承臺與土體間的滑移、開裂；並在此基礎上，提出了傾斜荷載下群樁基礎的「無拉力」分析方法，可有效地反映土體及混凝土材料的低抗拉特性。
  18. The activation probability per unit time is calculated

    計算了單位時間的激活概率。
  19. The conceptual counting unit for the number of r & d personnel is full - time equivalent ( fte ), which is defined as the actual number of employee man - months deployed to r & d activities during the reference year divided by 12

    概念上，研發人員的計算單位是相當于全日制的人數，其定義為雇員于統計年內實際參與研發活動的工作月除以12 。
  20. As the spc exchange develops, in the digital transmission network the basic unit of 64 kbits as a circuit has gradually been replaced by that of 30 2 mbits circuits ( hereinafter referred to as e1 )

    數字傳輸網隨著程式控制交換機的發展，逐漸改變了由64kbits速率為一條電路的基本計算單位，接受了2mbits （下稱e1 ） 30條電路為一個基本單位的概念。
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