概述證據 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [gàishùzhèngjù]
概述證據 英文
sum up the evidence
  • 概 : Ⅰ名詞1 （大略） general outline 2 （神氣） manner of carrying and conducting oneself; deportment ...
  • 述 : Ⅰ動詞（陳說; 敘述） state; relate; narrate Ⅱ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 證 : Ⅰ動詞（證明） prove; verify; demonstrate Ⅱ名詞1 （證據） evidence; proof; testimony; witness 2 （...
  • 據 : 據Ⅰ動詞1 （占據） occupy; seize 2 （憑借; 依靠） rely on; depend on Ⅱ介詞（按照; 依據） according...
  • 概述 : summary; survey; sketch
  • 證據 : evidence; proof; testimony
  1. The structure of this paper goes like this, the first chapter introduce the development of e - b / l in practice and in laws. and draw a conclution that the electrification of the b / l is a history tide. in the second chapter, on the basic of reseach the security trap in e - b / l running, 1 conclude six security elements of, e - b / l : the liability of the system, the authenticity of dealers ' identity. the integrity and secrecy of electronic data, and the validity and evidence effectiveness of electronic data. from the third chapter to the eighth, 1 reseach these elements one by one. the third chapter introduce the establishment of the e - b / l security system, and some related laws the fourth chapter introduce the certification authority of e - b / l. in the fifth chapter, 1 introduce the encrypt of electronic information and some countries ' control on use / import / export crytography. the sixth chapter introduce the concept and principle of digital signature, and reseach some related legal issues. the seventh chapter reseach the legal demand of validity, then come to a conclution that to establish a independent electronic information system is necessary. in the eighth chapter, 1 reseach some countries " regulation on the evidence effectiveness of electronic data

    第二章在分析電子提單運作中的安全隱患的基礎上，歸納出其六大安全要素，即系統的可靠性、交易者身份的真實性、數據電訊的機密性和完整性、數據電訊的合法有效性以及交易者行為的不可抵賴性。第三章到第八章分別對這六大要素進行分析：第三章介紹了電子提單網路安全體系的建立以及系統安全保護法規，第四章則介紹了電子提單的安全認證機構，第五章介紹了信息加密技術以及各國立法對密碼技術的進出口及使用的控制，第六章介紹了數字簽名的概念及原理，並以bolero為例介紹了數字簽名的技術方式，對有關法律問題作了論述；第七章首先論述了電子提單對有效性的法律需求，然後結合國內法和國際規則的規定論證了數據電訊制度產生的必然性；第八章通過對各國立法對電子證據的法律效力的規定，論述了對電子交易至關重要的數據電訊的不可抵賴性。
  2. This text begins with analysis that our country appraises the confusion of the system at present in real example, exposing ontology question of the scientific knowledge in terms of philosophy of science, regarding this as the platform, the text has analysed the concept of the scientific evidence, procedure function of the scientific evidence, studied the value of the scientific evidence, put forward standard that scientific evidence can adopt should be : the scientific knowledge of the basis has validity, relevancy with the factum probanda the method and conclusion have reliability

    本文以法官如何審查認定科學證據，限制專家話語權擴張對糾紛解決機制的侵襲為立論平臺，從實證分析我國目前鑒定體制的混亂切入，從科學哲學的角度闡述了科學知識的本體論問題，以此為平臺，分析了科學證據的概念、科學證據的程序功能，研究了科學證據的價值，提出科學證據可採的標準應當是：依據的科學知識具有有效性，與待證事實具有相關性，方法和結論具有可靠性。
  3. Quorum : how a witness affects database availability

    >仲裁概述：見證服務器如何影響數據庫可用性
  4. Chapter one : introduction the author discuses the different definitions of the exclusionary rules, the background of its establishment ( at the early stage there was only the exclusionary rule on evidence obtained with the means violating the 4th amendment of the us constitution ), studies the functions of different branches of the american government in establishing and implementing the rules. finally, the author analyses the connection between the rules and adversary model of criminal justice system

    首先探討了對非法證據排除規則若干概念的理解；然後考察了產生非法證據排除規則歷史的背景；再闡述了美國政府各部門在非法證據排除規則中的作用；最後分析了非法證據排除規則與對抗制的訴訟模式之關系和美國刑事司法中非法證據排除規則的局限性。
  5. The thesis outlines, according to the constructional learning theory, the background and inexorability of adaptable learning theory and analyzes the main features and key links of its mode. through positivistic analysis of adaptable learning strategy in actual teaching and learning, the thesis exposes a few problems worthy of attention in the field and proposes some fundamental ideas for teaching and learning reform

    依據建構主義學習理論和教學理論，概述適應性學習理論形成的理論背景和必然性，分析適應性學習模式的主要特徵、關鍵環節及其特點，通過對適應性學習策略在教學中的實證分析，提出網路教學課程設計中值得關注的問題，進而闡述有效應用適應性學習策略的幾點思考。
  6. The content of this course are as followings : the concept of the commercial law, features of commercial law, basic principles of commercial, the players in commercial field, behaviors, registration system, trade name, accounting books, the overview of corporate law and corporation, the classification of corporation, the establishement of company, the capital system under compnay law, share and assets, shareholders and their rights, corporate governance, merger and acquisation, overview of bankruptcy law, ? substantive bankruptcy law, procedure ? bankruptcy law, overview of commercial paper law, the classification and the basic rules of commercial paper, overview security law, ? issue and sponsor system, listing and trade system, investment fund system, overview of issurance law, issurance contract, property issurance, life issurance, issurance industry, maritime law, vessel and stewages, transportation contract, leasing vessel contract, incidents and the liability system etc

    課程內容包括，商法的概念、特徵、基本原則、商主體、商行為、商事登記、商號、商事帳簿、公司與公司法概述、公司的分類、公司的設立、公司的資本制度、股份與股票、股東與股權、公司的治理結構、公司的合併與解散、破產法概述、破產程序法、破產實體法、票據法概述、匯票、本票、支票、證券法的基本問題、證券市場主體法律制度、證券發行與承銷法律制度、證券上市及交易法律制度、證券投資基金制度、保險法概述、保險合同、財產保險、人身保險、保險業、海商法概述、船舶和船員、海上運輸合同、船舶租用合同和海上拖航合同、船舶碰撞、海難救助、共同海損、海事賠償責任限制等部分。
  7. The main body can be summarized as the following five sections : this paper firstly creatively builds the yield curve of our treasury securities by the method of regressive interpolation and spline. by the empirical study we can see that the method not only can build a smooth yield curve but also can predict the yield to maturity of any given term on the basis of the practical dealing data on the markets

    主體內容可概述為以下五部分：論文首先創造性地把回歸插補法和三次樣條插值法結合起來構造了中國的國債收益率曲線，經過實證分析表明，該方法可以以中國國債市場上的實際交易數據為樣本，既能構造平滑的國債收益率曲線，又能預測任意到期期限的國債收益率。
  8. The thesis gives the background acknowledges and the developing procedure of the cosmological theory, summarizes the viewpoints in the standard cosmological model and the confirmations from observing experiments. and the thesis sums the problems in the standard cosmological model and the inflation theory that can solve these problems. the thesis also discusses the origin of the universe and the theory of quantum cosmology

    =本文綜述了宇宙學的提出過程及其背景知識，概述了目前的主要的宇宙學模型? ?標準宇宙學模型的主要觀點和觀測證據，並總結了標準宇宙學模型中存在問題及為解決這些問題而提出的暴漲宇宙學理論。
  9. Although there is no evidence that indian mystics made this association themselves, it is noted by many that there is a marked similarity between the positions and roles described for chakras, and the positions and roles of the glands in the endocrine system, and also by the positions of the nerve ganglia ( also known as " plexuses " ) along the spinal column, opening the possibility that two vastly different systems of conceptualization have been brought to bear to systemize insights about the same phenomenon

    雖然沒有印度神秘主義者使脈輪與他們自己聯合的證據，多數人解釋了，在位置和描述的脈輪的角色之間有明顯的類似，以及位置和內分泌系統腺體的角色，以及同樣通過神經中樞（也就是熟知的「叢」 ）的位置沿脊柱，開啟了這樣的可能性，兩種巨大不同的概念系統已經使得移向有關同樣現象系統化的洞見上來。
  10. The important content of rule of corroboration involves in incompletely provable value of evidence, which is object of rule of corroboration. after generalizing the difference between the common law system and the continent law system, this article comments on its historical cause of formation. furthermore, the author puts forward the object and the definition of rule of corroboration

    對證明力不完全的證據（即補強證據規則的對象）的界定是補強證據規則的重要內容，本文在對兩大法系補強證據規則對象的差異簡要概述之後，對其成因作了評析，並進而提出了筆者對補強證據規則對象的界定以及對補強證據規則的定義。
  11. Moreover, the thesis analyses the necessity and scientificity of classifying the staff to knowledge worker and non - knowledge worker from the character of this two kinds of staff, and the existing theory localization of job stress and management. secondly, researches the knowledge worker and non - knowledge worker, obtains the new data by questionnaire, analyses the job stressor of these two kinds of stuff in china organization and the character of their pressure reaction, compares the differences of their apperception to the job stressor and the reaction to pressure provocation by analyses of correlation and analyses of regression. thirdly, according to the result of demonstration research, analyzes the character of job stress of the knowledge worker and non - knowledge worke, indicates the primary and subordinate work pressure of these two kinds of staff presently in our country 。 fourthly, aiming at the character of work pressure of these two kinds of staff, brings forward the principles of pressure management on organization lay, and the prompting management strategy in order to forming positive pressure as well as the controlling management strategy in order to preventing or removing or minishing negative pressure

    具體的研究工作如下:一、概述了知識員工、非知識員工以及工作壓力的相關理論，並從知識員工與非知識員工的工作特徵和現有的工作壓力及管理理論的局限性入手，分析了在我國工作壓力及管理領域中，將員工分為知識型與非知識型兩大類來進行研究的必要性和科學性;二、以我國企、事業單位中的知識員工與非知識員工為調查對象，通過問卷方式獲取新鮮數據，並通過數理統計方法分析目前我國這兩類員工群體所面臨的壓力源及其壓力反應的特點，通過相關分析和回歸分析比較他們對工作壓力源的感知、對壓力刺激的反應的差異;三、根據實證研究結果，分析知識員工與非知識員工的工作壓力特點，分別指出目前我國組織中這兩類員工所承擔的主要、次要工作壓力;四、針對這兩類員工的工作壓力特點，從組織層面提出了壓力管理的原則、旨在形成積極壓力的激勵管理策略，以及能起到預防、消除或者減小消極工作壓力作用的控制管理策略。
  12. In allusion to the present situation of spatial structure of dunhuang circle and the fact of tourism development, the study is on spatial structure optimization and puts forward optimizing mode on the developing tenet of sustainability the thesis includes six chapters, among which the third chapter, fourth chapter and fifth chapter are the major body. in the foreword, it expounds the background, foundation, purpose, meaning and adoptive technical courses of the selecting thesis ' s topic. in the first chapter, it summarizes main theories of tourism spatial structure and the present researches of tourism circle from study of theory and demonstration

    引言部分主要闡述了論文選題的背景、依據、目的和意義以及擬採用的技術路線；第一章總結了旅遊空間結構當前的主要理論，綜合論述了當前旅遊空間結構的研究進展，對旅遊圈的研究現狀從理論研究和實證研究兩個方面進行了概述；第二章介紹了敦煌旅遊圈的總體概況，分析了構建敦煌旅遊圈的動力因素和制約因素；第三章採取層次分析法和模糊聚類法對敦煌旅遊圈內旅遊資源進行了分析評價；第四章採用客源平均中心點、客源吸引半徑、地理集中度指數等方法對敦煌旅遊圈客源市場進行了分析評價；第五章在前幾章分析評價的基礎上，分析了敦煌旅遊圈的空間結構，提出了敦煌旅遊圈的空間優化模式，並提出了敦煌旅遊圈的發展原則及具體措施。
  13. The text mainly divides into the introduction, the main body, and the conclusion three major parts, and the main body contains three major parts : the first part about administrative evidence system basic question research, contains the administrative evidence concept localization, the administrative evidence system research significance as well as the administrative evidence and comparison of the administrative proceedings evidence ; the second part about the administrative evidence type division research, in which contains administrative evidence type outline as well as our country administration evidence type determination ; the third part about the removing rule of illegal administrative evidence, in which contains the possibility of the establishment of the removing rule of illegal administrative evidence, the necessity of the establishment of the removing rule of illegal administrative evidence in our country as well as its content and appraisal

    文本主要分為引言、本體和結語三大部分，其中本體又包含三大部分:第一部分關於行政證據制度基本問題研究，其中包含行政證據概念定位、行政證據制度研究的意義以及行政證據與行政訴訟證據之比較;第二部分關於行政證據種類劃分研究，其中包含行政證據種類的概述以及我國行政證據種類的確定;第三部分關於行政證據之非法排除規則研究，其中包含非法排除規則確立的可能性、我國行政證據非法排除規則確立的必要性以及我國行政程序中確立非法證據排除規則的內容及其評價。
  14. Part one : brief introduction of illegal evidence

    第一部分：非法證據概述。
  15. The main content and opinion of each chapter are discussed as follow : chapter 1 general analysis of civil securing judgment procedure this chapter probes on the name, definition, character of civil securing judgment procedure and the difference between civil securing judgment procedure and other legal systemo firstly, we should choose the meaning of civil securing judgment procedure from its upper level definition, and adopt the model of the continent country legal system s legislation, that is, put the system of perpetuation of evidence out of the system of civil securing judgment procedure0 secondly, through the discussion of the procedure essence of civil securing judgment procedure, the time limitation of civil securing judgment procedure and the direct aim of civil securing judgment procedure, this article confined the meaning of civil securing judgment procedure

    首先，對世界各主要國家關於民事保全程序的相關名稱作了梳理，探討了確立總概念的必要性，認為我國應當選擇民事保全的總概念並採用大陸法系民事保全程序的立法例，把證據保全排除在民事保全之外。其次，遵循民事保全的本義探究了民事保全的內涵。通過對民事保全的程序本質、採取民事保全措施的時間下限、民事保全的直接目的的論述，明確了民事保全的概念，即民事保全是指法院為了確保將來的執行文書的強制執行，或者為了避免不可挽回的損失，在執行文書生效之前，採取一定的強制性措施限制義務人處分其財產或者責令其作為或不作為的程序。
  16. According to the optional character of the technology innovative projects " investment, the thesis has investigated the choice and decision - making of these projects systemically with the real option theory. the main points of this thesis are as follows : firstly, it compares the similarity between real option of the technology innovative projects and option based on the summary of option pricing theory and systems analysis of these projects and their characters, which can be made as the theory and evidence of the real option approach to value these projects. secondly, based on the synthesized analysis of these projects " option, it sets up three models to value the different real option respectively in these projects such as the delaying option, growing option and multiple option

    論文的主要工作有： 1 ）在概述期權定價法和系統分析技術創新項目及其實施過程特點的基礎上，比較了技術創新項目投資與金融期權投資的相似性，作為技術創新項目投資的實物期權評價法的理論與依據； 2 ）在綜合分析技術創新項目投資所具有期權的基礎上，分別建立了技術創新項目投資的延遲期權、增長期權和復合期權模型，並進行了相應的實證研究和比較研究； 3 ）對pindyck的期權定價模型進行了推廣和改進，利用模型探討了投資時機的選擇性及其對投資機會價值和投資決策的影響，並在此基礎上確定最優投資規則，為技術創新項目投資決策提供參考； 4 ）針對定量模型難以規避技術創新項目中組織風險的特點，進一步將定量模型和定性研究方法相結合，對技術創新項目投資評價的實物期權模型進行了改進，使得評價模型更合理。
  17. So, this thesis demonstrate the requirement of present public prosecution from four aspects. first, simply introduce the conception of standard of proof, foreign criminal standard of proof and ours also introduced, second, discuss present public prosecution ' s special position and clarify the specialty of present public prosecution from comparison of foreign requirement ; third, it lay more emphasis on the basis of present public prosecution ; lastly, install, the " two fundamental " should be the requirement of our present public prosecution from theory and practice

    首先，簡述證明標準的內涵和國外刑事證明標準的基本表述以及我國刑事訴訟證明標準的基本理論及法律規定；其次，從提起公訴的特徵出發，論證了提起公訴的特殊地位，同時對比國外提起公訴證明標準的要求，闡明了我國提起公訴證明標準的特殊性和法律規定的基本概況；第三，著重論述了我國提起公訴證明標準的要求應確立的根據；最後，從我國司法實踐著手，理論聯系實際地確立我國提起公訴證明標準的要求應為「兩個基本」的觀點。
  18. In chapter 5, according to the characteristic in the stage of concept evaluation of product design, the quality attribute preference aggregate model which support multi - attribute and group decision is set forth. according to the model, preference aggregation method based on evidential reasoning and rough set theory and rational evaluation method of multi - attribute and multi - evaluator are put forward. consider the wave of evaluator ' s preference caused by uncertainty, robust of quality attribute and concept in the stage of concept evaluation are put forward for the first time

    第五章根據產品設計方案評價的特點，提出了支持多屬性群組評價的質量屬性偏好聚合模型，並提出了基於證據推理與粗集理論的質量屬性偏好聚合方法和理性化的偏好聚合方法；針對由不確定性引起的評價者偏好的波動，首次在方案設計階段根據偏好波動提出了質量屬性和方案魯棒性的概念，給出了質量屬性魯棒性的數學描述和方案魯棒性的計算方法；並且進行了實例應用。
  19. Shifting the burden of proof of is the special provision and exception of the principle of burden of proof, during drafting " civil evidence code ", divergences about how to regulate the burden of proof appear, jurists have diffirent opinions on it, this paper set out from those divergences and disputes, discussing in detail with six sections : the disputes on the shifting the burden of proof, reasonable define the conception about shifting the burden of proof, the relation of shifting the burden of proof and deduction, shifting the burden of proof in present law and regulations, the function of shifting the burden of proof and the civil cases suitable for this regulation, legislative proposition. this artical elabrates the theoretical and realistic foundation of shifting the burden of proof. moreover, shifting the burden of proof is a phenomenon of proceeding and other regulations of solution to disputation, it is not confined to those laws and regulations of procedure, but also exist in substantial law

    舉證責任倒置是舉證責任分配規則中的特殊與例外，在民事證據法的草擬過程中對舉證責任倒置的存廢與否產生了分歧，法學界對此的觀點也呈現出百花齊放的態勢，本文從舉證責任倒置爭議與分歧的觀點出發，基於舉證責任倒置存在與否的爭議、舉證責任倒置概念的合理界定、舉證責任倒置與推定的關系、舉證責任倒置在我國現行法律中的體現、舉證責任倒置的功能及可適用民事案件的具體類型、舉證責任倒置立法完善的構想共六個部分具體闡述，從理論角度、司法實踐及立法構想三個不同的視角分析舉證責任倒置在我國的存在的理論意義、現實意義與立法前景，表明舉證責任倒置不僅在我國具有立法基礎而且有實踐環境，闡述舉證責任倒置雖然是出現于訴訟或是解決爭議的其他程序中的一個現象，但它又不局限於訴訟及其他解決爭議的程序規范，從現有的法律規范及法律實踐來看，舉證責任倒置與實體法是「同呼吸，共命運」的，用句老話說就是「皮之不存，毛將焉附? 」
  20. 1 ) realization of software packet embedded in m - es and md - is respectively to accomplish main function of mdlp, including assignment of tei ( temporary equipment identifier ), establishment of multiple frame operation, framing, flow control and error - free transmission of packets, is detailed. 2 ) a test model is established to evaluate the robustness and stability of mdlp and verify the validity of software packets. 3 ) according to the design of radio modem construction used in m - es, the modules of interface between data terminal equipment and radio modem are achieved to enable transmission of short message and continuous pseudo - random bit stream via rs232 uart

    本文首先概述了蜂窩數字分組數據網的結構和空中協議，詳細分析了移動數據鏈路協議，並在此基礎上，重點敘述了以下方面的工作： 1 ）設計並完成了分別應用於m - es和md - is端無線控制器的兩套程序實現數據鏈路層的主要功能，包括分配臨時設備號、建立鏈路、組幀和面向連接的服務保證分組正確無誤地傳輸，並進行適當的流控； 2 ）建立測試模型測試移動數據鏈路協議的可靠性和穩定性，證明了程序包的效用； 3 ）根據cdpd系統無線數據機的軟硬體總體設計方案，完成了介面模塊，實現了rs232異步串口通信，使用戶可以根據需要發送短消息或連續的偽隨機比特流； 4 ）在tms320c54x的軟體、硬體模擬平臺上，建立了cdpd試驗模型，實現了cdpd系統的mdlp基本功能。
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