標無底價 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [biāowúdejià]
標無底價
英文
eed006-t01-
At international bidding without base price takes the lowest tender price, it undoubtedly has very big function on standardizing the bidding and tendering of construction project
國際上的無標底招標一般是最低價中標，它對規范建築工程的招投標無疑有著很大的作用。In part 1, the author makes a brief review of its history and makes a clear - cut definition of encouragement. in part 2, the author analyses its positive and negative values from the aspect of value, pointing out its positive value lies in the efficiency to detect the specific crimes and its negative value lies in the possibility to infringe innocent persons. in part 3, the author discusses its justification, pointing out the line of its legitimacy should be drawn in that " the state cannot make a crime " and " the mixed approach " should be adopted in china, and its justification lies in " the need of investigation and the common acceptance of the society.
本文寫作主要分為六個部分，第一部分主要準確界定誘惑偵查的概念，並簡單回顧了其歷史發展過程；第二部分從價值層面對誘惑偵查作了剖析，指出誘惑偵查的積極價值在於對特定犯罪的有效追訴，其消極價值在於其可能殃及無辜公民；第三部分，從合法性和合理性兩個方面對誘惑偵查的正當性作了分析，指出其合法性標準應採用「綜合標準」 ，其合法性底線在於「政府不能製造犯罪」 。This company produces the multi - purpose microcomputer electrothermal furnaces ( fission type electricity wok ) and the court music stove ( light wave stove ) primarily, may use each kind of flat - bottomed pan to have, smokeless, misfires, the radio magnetic wave radiation, conforms to the international sanitation standard, is the new security environmental protection kitchen utensil, this product uses germany core technologies, undergoes the multiple lethality experiment, durable, the reasonable price, is the host who the present will replace the electromagnetic oven hits the product, now develops many kinds of models the product
本公司以生產多功能微電腦電熱爐（分體式電炒鍋）和雅樂爐（光波爐）為主，可以使用各種平底鍋具，無煙、無火、無電磁波輻射，符合國際衛生標準，是新型安全環保廚房用具，該產品採用德國核心技術，經過多次毀壞性試驗，經久耐用，價格合理，是今後代替電磁爐的主打產品，現在研製出多種型號的產品。Study suggests the main constraints of management buy - out : it ' s groundless to fix a price, the information published not confirm with regular standard, purchase procedure is not transparent, purchase action is not with market law, and also policy restriction. consequently, the paper put forward solutions to improve management buy - out : 1 ) the policy to evade the inside risk : the main way is to select suitable enterprises to develop management buy - out ; 2 ) to ensure the transparent and the market standard of the purchase procedure : the main point is to guarantee the justification of the purchase price, to strengthen the transparent of the information announcement ; 3 ) to consummate the mechanism of supervise government : which the work should be done in the supervise department of government ; 4 ) to emancipate the mind, decrease the government action in the enterprises purchasing ; 5 ) to care for the latter developing of the mbo, the purpose of mbo is to pursue the biggest profit of the enterprise ; 6 ) to consummate the environment of circulating necessary funds ; 7 ) to solve the funds and taxes problems of mbo, this is a better way to solve the problems of mbo
一是管理層收購定價方面的法律依據不足：二是信息披露不夠規范，現階段運作或已完成的mbo案例在進行信息披露時尤其是披露其資金來源時多諱莫如深，令投資者對其資金來源皆產生懷疑；三是收購程序不透明，歸根到底也是法律方面的不足，缺乏相關的公正的運作程序和政策保障；四是收購行為非市場化，我國的管理層收購結束之後往往僅僅是相對控股，股票繼續交易，所有者與經營者分離的問題並沒有從根本上得到解決，所有權與經營權相統一的目標沒有達到，這就可能造成大股東也就是內部人侵吞中小股東利益將更為便捷；五是融資渠道潰乏，主要是國家政策和法律的障礙限制了mbo的融資渠道；六是服務市場不夠發達，主要是中介市場缺乏高素質的專業人才，無法滿足客戶進行mbo的需要，從而限制了mbo在中國的運行；七是政策限制，主要對合法的收購主體的限制、收購規模的限制、收購時點的限制以及收購資金來源的限制。( 3 ) to discuss the examination method of project invitation of bids and in china, so as to determine the quantitative examination standards of various methods in the pre - examinations of qualification and the tenders assessment
（ 2 ）量化評標方法：討論分析了綜合評價指標法、綜合評分法、公式記分法、定量製表格評標法、模糊綜合評判法、無標底招標等方法。Based on the idea of satisfying the function with the lowest lifespan cost of value engineering, the article tends to choose the winner of the bidder with work frame of value engineering, namely, converts appraising of technical bid, commercial bid, especially bid appraising without given bid price and appraising of major unit price items of the commercial bid, which is different from practice in traditional bid appraising process, into flow chart of value engineering and converts the complicated multi - objectives decision making process into simple comparison of the mathematic figure
基於價值工程以最低的壽命周期總成本完成滿足用戶要求的功能的核心，探討了在評標過程中遵循價值工程的理念，將清單計價模式下的技術評審，商務評審，特別是商務評審中有別于傳統計價模式的無底招標、主要單價評審納入到價值工程的工作流程中，將標書的評審轉換為對每個有效投標人的價值系數的簡單數學比較，並以此作為選擇中標人的依據。The stations would be awarded at nil premium to whichever tender is able to provide facilities by end 2000 and to offer the lowest price ceiling for auto - lpg deriving from a pricing formula, mr salkeld said
蘇啟表示，這些專用站會以無須繳地價的方式批給能於二零零零年年底提供設施，並按價格計算方案提出車用石油氣售價上限的最低標書。It emphasize in the macro view that we should enhance the lawmaking, develop association about engineering cost management, and broaden the service field of the organization on engineering cost consultation etc. from the micro view, considering that the architecture ' s price may be totally formed by the market and it may connect with international tradition, we discussed how to ferry stream from quota price to bill - quantity price, how to ferry stream from government making - price to enterprise free making - price. also we discussed how to compile bill - of - quantity, how to determine price of bidding strategies of bidding and how to quote price under the bill - of - quantity model. study of a certain reasonable low price, problems and countermeasures of the lowest bid approach in making bid and inviting bid has been discussed too
強調：宏觀上，工程造價管理要加強立法、加強工程造價管理協會的建設、拓寬工程造價咨詢機構的服務面等；微觀上，針對建築產品價格完全由市場形成及與國際慣例接軌的要求，討論在剛剛開始推行工程量清單計價模式下，如何使定額計價向工程量清單計價過渡，建築產品如何由政府定價向企業自主定價過渡，以及工程量清單編制、標底價格的確定、施工企業的投標報價；研究在工程招投標過程中， 「合理低價」的確定方法，無標底招標可能出現的問題及對策；最後提出費用組成及計價方式的改革，使得工程造價更符合工程的實際情況，更有利於企業間的競爭。分享友人