機敏的應答 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [jīmǐndeyīngdā]
機敏的應答
英文
repartee-
Abstract : plant responses to salt stress via a complex mechanism, including sensing and transducing the stress signal, activating the transcription factors and the corresponding metabolizing genes. since the whole mechanism is still unclear, this review emphasize the biochemical events during the plant adaptation to salt stress referring to an index of importance : the homeostasis in cytoplasm, the biosynthesis of osmolytes and the transport of water. most of these biochemical events were elucidated by study of halophyte and salt - sensitive mutations, also many important genes involved were cloned and used to generate stress - tolerance phenotypes in transgenic plants. on the other hand, about the molecular mechanism in signal transduction, the research of arabidopsis mutations and yeast functional complementation provided helpful traces but not full pathway
摘要植物對鹽脅迫的耐受反應是個復雜的過程，在分子水平上它包括對外界鹽信號的感應和傳遞，特異轉錄因子的激活和下游控制生理生化應答的效應基因的表達.在生化應答中，本文著重討論負責維持和重建離子平衡的膜轉運蛋白、滲調劑的生物合成和功能及水分控制.這些生理生化應答最終使得液泡中離子濃度升高和滲調劑在胞質中積累.近年來，通過對各種鹽生植物或鹽敏感突變株的研究，闡明了許多鹽應答的離子轉運途徑、水通道和物種特異的滲調劑代謝途徑，克隆了其相關基因並能在轉基因淡水植物中產生耐鹽表型;另一方面，在擬南芥突變體及利用酵母鹽敏感突變株功能互補篩選得到一些編碼信號傳遞蛋白的基因，這些都有助於闡明植物鹽脅迫應答的分子機制。With fast development of our country " s gas industry and air ' s increasingly serious contamination in city, using gas instead of coal and supplying energy in high efficiency and cleanliness has become necessary way in city. there are different problems in the current heating ( air conditioning ) systems. in the cogeneration system, heat and power affect each other, heating - pump heating ( aie conditioning ) system can not satisfy the peak load very well, the cost of gas fuel in boilor heating sestem is so high. the high generating efficiency of the diesel - engine two - sourse heating ( air conditioning ) systems is limited in range of 100kw - 1000kw, the heating scope is so limited. combined cycle of two sourse heating ( air conditioning ) system is most suitable selection to buesness community with big scope my paper aim at this syetem ' s primary question when it is applied in our country - - - - bringing project into execution and technology economy feasibility and off - design performence, combined with a certain demonstrating project in beijing buesness community, going along with calculating and analyzing, drawing out some efficient datas and conclusions, based on this, bringing out primary alements affecting combined cycle of two sourse heating ( air conditioning ) system " economics
熱電聯產系統熱電相互牽連，熱泵供暖（空調）系統不容易很好地滿足尖峰負荷，鍋爐供暖系統供熱中天然氣燃料構成的成本過高，內燃機雙源供暖（空調）系統的高發電效率僅限於100kw - 1000kw負荷范圍，供熱面積有限。對于大面積的商業園區、居民小區，燃燒天然氣的燃氣-蒸汽聯合循環雙源供暖（空調）系統是最佳選擇之一。本論文針對該系統在我國應用時的主要問題- - -方案的技術實施與技術經濟可行性，結合北京某一商業園區示範工程，進行了系統的計算與分析，得到了有效的數據與結論，在此基礎上，提出影響聯合循環雙源供暖（空調）系統經濟性的主要因素，並進行敏感性分析，得出有益的結論；最後通過各種供暖方案的比較分析回答了某些人對該系統的疑慮和不解，並指出系統的優化方向。To circumvent these deficits, novel antigen - delivery systems utilizing cytokine gene - modified tumor cells and dc or fusion of dc with tumor cells have resulted in induction of antitumor immunity. however, this u approach is difficult in some cases ( for example in breast cancer ) because only rarely has it been possible to isolate enough viable tumor cells from an individual to prepare the vaccine
為了克服上述缺陷，有學者採用滅活的腫瘤細胞、腫瘤抗原提取物（包括腫瘤細胞裂解物、 it na和洗脫肽等）沖擊致敏dc或將腫瘤細胞與dc融合后再回輸體內以激發機體的抗腫瘤免疫應答，也取得了較好的療效。
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