機會成本 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [jīkuàichéngběn]
機會成本
英文
o ortunity cost-
But in long - range material capital can only accelerate regional economic sustainable development by conjunct multiplication with zoology capital. meanwhile, this process needs multiplication of human resource to promote them
但從長遠看，隨著生態資本的增殖，物質資本會因機會成本的降低而增殖，區域經濟的可持續發展也就會在兩者的共同增殖中不斷向前推進。The real cost approach has been largely superseded by the opportunity cost approach to international trade.
實際成本說已基本上為國際貿易的機會成本說所取代。The paper analyses the confusion in the concept of concerning cost in accounting and economics. it redefines the concept of accounting cost, comparing with opportunity cost, in order to better understand and handle accounting cost and opportunity cost
分析了會計學和經濟學中有關「成本」概念的困惑，重新定義了「會計成本」 ，並把它和「機會成本」作比較，以便更好地理解運用會計成本和機會成本。Muc is furtherly defined as intergenerational opportunity cost under sustainability context and the concept of relative value is built up to analyze its dynamic character. in the neoclassic growrh with the invariable substitution of resource for capital, the formulation of this relative value is deduced. for mpc, hotelling model is used to illuminate the relation between the change of mpc and the impossibilities of sustainable use of energy resources ; for mec, an optimal growth model with exhaustible energy resources and environment pollution is employed to calculate the optimal environment
在可持續發展的條件下，將能源資源的邊際使用者成本進一步定義為代際機會成本，並建立相對價值的概念用於分析代際機會成本的動態變化，基於一個資本與資源存在確定替代關系的新古典經濟體系推導這種相對價值的表達式;在傳統的霍特林準則的基礎上，分析了邊際生產成本變化對資源可持續利用的影響;運用一個帶有資源與環境約束的最優增長模型，推導了邊際環境成本內部化的最優環境稅，並分析了這種稅收政策在實踐中的應用。The second is that monopoly produces some positive effects : as static efficiency to say, there are four mechanisms, namely economies of scale, economies of scope, internalization of externalities and learning effect, which optimize the allocation of resources. monopoly advantages decrease of transaction cost. some extent monopoly has benefits to technology innovation and human capital accumulation
其次，壟斷具有正的效應：從靜態效率來看，壟斷存在四種優化資源配置的機制（規模經濟機制、范圍經濟機制、外部性內化機制和學習效應機制） ；壟斷有利於機會成本的降低，從而可以提高社會經濟活動的效率；從動態效率來看，一定程度的壟斷有利於技術進步和人力資本的積累，因而是動態有效的。Main conclusions ( 1 ) the shadow prices of agriculture production factors could be calculated by using stochastic frontier production function and marginal productivity theory without the factors market ; ( 2 ) the real production cost of agriculture production could be acquired by using the opportunity cost of factors to account the benefit - cost of agriculture products ; ( 3 ) the marginal benefit of the agriculture production factors could be regarded as referent standard to weigh the amounts that government at the basic level and countryside committee take fees from farmers
本文的主要研究結論為：利用隨機前沿生產函數技術和要素邊際生產力理論，在沒有重要農業生產要素市場的情況下，有可能測算要素影子價格；使用機會成本概念作為農產品成本收益核算的計價基礎，可以獲得農產品的完全生產成本；農業生產要素的邊際收益可以作為衡量基層政府和村集體向農民收取費用合理幅度的一種參照物。To avoid such situation, the author anal size pro - poor tourism with the concept of opportunity cost threading all through the thesis
之後，繼續對旅遊扶貧的環境和社會機會成本進行論述，得出要可持續發展旅遊扶貧必須關注環境和社會效應。In other words, there must be a threshold beyond which the opportunity cost starts to affect the bottom line and attracts the serious attention of the banks
換句話說，當結算帳戶結餘達到某個水平時，有關的機會成本就會開始影響到銀行的盈虧，令銀行要認真研究如何處理這個問題。They have tended to assume increasing opportunity costs.
他們往往假定機會成本是遞增的。Considering the condition of the early electric market in china, on the basis of cost analysis of reactive power support, this paper propose a new method in which reactive power price is divided into reactive capability price and reactive energy price
無功容量電價確保發電機無功容量資本成本得到回收;將發電機的無功輔助服務分為無償和有償服務，發電機提供有償服務時的機會成本和管理成本構成無功電量電價。From the viewpoint of method, the first step is to determine the available investment options or opportunity set of the locations of crude oil tankers zone involving some six representative factors such as the unit engineering expense, unit operating cost, constructing period, the location land features, unit constructing engineering amount, unit land opportunity cost. these factors stem from the economic, societal and environmental regulations and rules. the second step is to specify how to choose among these available options
從方法上來看，首先確定以單位工程造價、單位運行成本、建設期、地形特徵、單位土建工程量、單位土地機會成本等六個綜合經濟、社會及環境指標為代表的原油罐區方案決策目標集，其次制定桃園、西山、填海三個決策待選方案，然後建立基於優先關系的相對優屬度矩陣及各影響因素的權重集，從而進行模糊動態規劃評價，最後優選出最佳的桃園方案。The available wrv models such as shadow price model, marginal opportunity cost model, reproduction model, income present value model and supply - demand price model are introduced, and their principle, applicability, merits and demerits are analysed. and then, this paper discusses various factors which may have influence on wrv. finally, this paper establishes the fuzzy model of wrv
指出現有的影子價格模型，邊際機會成本價格模型，再生產模型，收益現值模型，供求定價模型等水資源價值模型各自的模型原理、適用性及其優缺點，然後在此基礎上論述有關因素對水資源價值的影響，指出水資源價值的模糊屬性，構建了水資源價值模糊數學模型。In consideration of the characteristics of ecological environment water supply, the opportunity cost method is adopted to calculate its shadow price, and a method is put forward for calculating the economic benefit of ecological environment water supply on the basis of the economic benefit from agricultural irrigation based on the level of guarantee of water supply to water consumption departments on the lower reaches of rivers
摘要針對生態環境供水的特點，採用機會成本法分析生態環境供水經濟效益並計算其影子價格；並根據河流下游各用水部門供水保證程度，提出藉助農業灌溉經濟效益計算生態環境供水經濟效益的方法。They thought of some good theoretical reasons for expecting rising opportunity costs in expanding one industry at the expense of others.
他們探討了某些可靠的理論根據，認為以犧牲其它工業來擴展某一工業時，預期機會成本將是遞增的。Significant opportunity costs include : litigation damages, loss of proprietary data, consumer confidence, loss of direct revenue, reconstruction of data, and reconstruction of services
重要的機會成本主要包括：訴訟的賠償金，私人數據的丟失，消費者的信心，直接收入的丟失，重建數據，重建服務。For a company, after - tax earnings minus the opportunity cost of capital
對一家公司而言，經濟增加值等於稅后收益減資本金的機會成本。It was proved that such use right flowing furthers the rural economy effectively, which embodies in two aspects, namely increasing output and adjusting agriculture structure. with the development of other industries, the field production is less and less. why does this phenomenon appear
隨著農村二、三產業的進一步發展，大批勞動力從農業中轉移出來，土地不再是農民賴以生存的基礎；加上經營農業的比較效益低，務農的機會成本較高，農民經營農業的積極性不高，土地粗放經營，土地產出率下降。In this connection, we note that many branch post offices are occupying valuable government premises at prime location, involving a high economic opportunity cost
就此，委員會注意到很多郵政分局均設置在位於黃金地段的政府大樓內，當中涉及的經濟機會成本很高。This paper take comprehensive development project - " enrich farmers through water conservancy ( eftwc project ) " in pinggu district, beijing as an example or research area, to built up indexes system for evaluating such projects based on the analysis of the project ' s functions ; to evaluate the effects of eftwc project on the development of agricultural economy in research area with statistic analysis method, such as the theory of gray system and regression analysis method. the key points of this paper are focused on as following aspects : ( 1 ) the value of eco - environmental benefits of eftwc project in pinggu district is evaluated based on utility value theory and environmental economic methods such as equivalent substitution approach, opportunity cost approach, and replacement cost ap proach ; ( 2 ) the economic effects on investment are appraised with both static and dynamic cost - benefit analysis methods ; and ( 3 ) the effects of the eftwc project on the economy and society sustainability in research area are evaluated synthetically from three aspects : society development ability, economy development ability and resources and environmental capacity
本文以北京市平谷區水利富民綜合開發工程為例，在分析了水利富民綜合開發工程功能的基礎上，建立了水利富民綜合開發工程效益價值評估的指標體系；用灰色系統理論、回歸分析等統計分析方法進行了水利富民綜合開發工程對平谷區農業經濟發展的影響評價；重點以效用價值論為理論依據，用等效替代法、機會成本法和重置成本法（恢復費用法）等環境經濟學方法，對平谷區水利富民綜合開發工程生態環境效益價值進行了評估；採用靜態和動態費用效益分析法進行了水利富民綜合開發工程投資經濟效果分析；最後從社會發展能力、經濟發展能力和資源環境承載能力3個方面進行了水利富民綜合開發工程對平谷區經濟社會可持續發展能力的綜合影響評價。Opportunity cost is best defined with the help of a question
給機會成本下定義最好從問題入手。分享友人