權衡決策 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [quánhéngjuécè]
權衡決策 英文
tradeoff decisions
  • 權 : Ⅰ名詞1 [書面語] （秤錘） counterpoise; weight （of a steelyard）2 （權力） power; authority 3 （...
  • 衡 : Ⅰ名詞1 （秤桿） the graduated arm of a steelyard2 （稱重量的器具） weighing apparatus3 （姓氏） a...
  • 決 : Ⅰ動詞1 （作出主張; 決定） decide; determine 2 （執行死刑; 殺死） execute a person 3 （裂開; 斷開...
  • 策 : Ⅰ名詞1 （通「冊」 古代寫字用的竹片或木片） bamboo or wooden slips used for writing on in ancient ...
  • 權衡 : judge and weigh; weigh and consider balance; weigh; balance
  1. This paper brings forward one new method in the selection of supply chains cooperators : hierarch variable weight priority - degree evaluation method, it aims to solve some problem that which can not be solved with normal power integration methods, such as it can ' t take the demand of equilibrium and inspiritment into account, and it usually contraventions the principia that decision factors can not substitute each other

    摘要針對企業在選擇供應鏈合作夥伴時，常權綜合方法難以體現決策者對決策因素的均衡性要求和激勵性要求，以及常權綜合方法常常違背決策因素間不可替代性的弊病，提出了一種基於可拓理論和變權理論的新方法層次變權優度評價法。
  2. 1. reconstruction of practical strategy, establish and improve the current cooperation system, normalize the cooperation management structure, construct the balance share, normalize the decisions system, absorb the independent board system, revolute the economic and management system of government. the key task of government is to improve the law environment

    在深入研究與探討的基礎上，提出了相應的對策建議: 1 、實行戰略重組，建立和完善現代企業制度，規范公司治理結構，構建相對制衡的多元化股權結構;規范決策機制、引入獨立董事制度;變革政府的經濟管理模式，政府的重點任務是完善法律環境。
  3. A model is developed to analyze the tradeoff between benefits and costs involved in the strategies for the normal dvm of copepod. the venturous revenue is used as the criterion for this optimal tradeoff. it is a function of the environmental factors and the age of copepod

    本文提出一個橈足類常規的晝夜垂直遷移模型，以分析橈足類在垂直遷移的決策過程中對利益和風險的權衡機制，風險收益被用來作為這種權衡機制的優化目標，它是環境因子和橈足類年齡的函數。
  4. Psychological biases such as these will mislead investors to a series of systematic biases in their decision making : overreaction, under - reaction, confirmation biases and disposition utility, etc. overreaction denotes that investors may understand and react to the information in a biased way, and thus overweighting and overreacting with the information

    這些心理偏差將導致投資者決策時產生一系列行為偏差:如反應過度與反應不足、確認性偏差以及處置效用。反應過度描述的是投資者對信息理解和反應上會出現非理性偏差，從而產生對信息權衡過重，行為過激的現象。
  5. Further more, the article will describe the differences of corporate governance between our country and abroad. according to my research, it will utilise the steps to consummate the corporate governance. the property right among director board, supervisor board and management will be allocated clearly ; consolidate the function of independent directors and supervise system ; protect the share holders and launch outside supervise mechanism ; manager system ; set up a stimulating system to guarantee these three parts can operate appropriately

    本文認為，不斷完善法人治理結構可以通過下列途徑來實現，首先，通過明晰產權，強化獨立董事制度，強化董事會、監事會的監督、制衡和決策作用來確保三會之間權責明確、互相制約；其次，通過確保股東利益，建立完善外部治理環境，經理人制度，有效的激勵約束機制來確保企業管理中法人治理結構能夠有效的運行。
  6. Faced with this situation, in the corporate governance structure of the west introduced the system of independent directors china ' s listed companies since august 21, 2001, the china securities regulatory commission promulgated the " on the establishment of independent directors of listed companies in the guidance system ", marks the beginning of our independent directors in listed companies to implement the system. 。 introduction of the system of independent directors of listed companies, mainly in view of the existence of our company ' s management structure is too centralized, decentralized and public shareholders too weak force ; control of the controlling shareholders, led to the independence is not strong, decision - making, oversight functions properly ; the board of supervisors fail to controlling shareholders, supervision of the board of serious adverse internal control phenomenon

    獨立董事是英美公司治理模式的特色制度，其在制衡控股股東或內部人的控制權濫用，捍衛董事會的獨立性，促進公司可持續發展以及保障股東整體利益等方面卓有成效。獨立董事制度已經實施多年，獨立董事已經擺脫當年設立時勢單力薄的劣勢，在現階段能對上市公司進行有力的決策干預，其干預的成效如何，本文用實證的觀點去看待獨立董事制度對中國上市公司盈餘方面的影響，從而揭示獨立董事制度發展多年以來的成效，並根據時代發展，提出需要改進的地方
  7. The conclusions are : under the case of monopoly, the enterprise has the ability to delay the investment, thus it can take the advantages of option value brought by uncertainty to select the optimal timing of investment in each phrase flexibly ; under the case of competition, enterprise will select the optimal investment timing by comparing the tradeoff between the benefits of option value and the strategic lost of competitor ' s preemption, because preemption of competitor will reduce the ability of enterprise to delay investment comparing with the case of monopoly, the enterprise usually invests early, hi the meantime, by comparing the outcomes of investment cooperation in the r & d phrase with that of competition, we can conclude that r & d investment cooperation is pareto dominant strategy, since enterprise can fully take advantage of the option value brought by uncertainty, and thus enhance the flexibility of decision - making

    得到的結論是：在壟斷情形下，企業具有延遲投資的能力，因而企業可以充分利用不確定性帶來的期權價值，在創新投資的各階段根據不確定性信息的獲得靈活地選擇最優的投資時機；在競爭情形下，企業延遲投資的能力受到局限，由於害怕競爭對手的佔先，企業為了獲得佔先效應，會考慮競爭對手的行為對自己的影響，通過在不確定性所帶來的期權價值與競爭對手的行為所帶來的戰略價值之間進行權衡，來選武漢理工大學博士學位論文擇最優的投資時機。與壟斷情形相比，一般企業會提早投資。同時通過分析說明，競爭企業間通過在創新投資的研究與開發階段進行合作，可以使兩家企業充分利用不確定性帶來的期權價值，增強決策的柔性，結論說明，合作創新投資是兩家企業的帕累托占優策略。
  8. Then the physical wear of personal computers can be compensated. secondly, when personal computers rum up moral wear - up, both upgrading and changing can solve this problem. which mode on earth can be adopted

    二是當個人計算機遭受無形磨損技術上行將落伍時，分升級和更換新型兩種情況來補償，具體的用那種方式，也要通過費用計算和權衡來決策。
  9. The business investment involves mainly risk decision - making, and the process of decision - making is the process of the comparison between opportunities and risks by decision - maker

    企業的投資決策決大多數是風險決策，而風險決策過程又表現為決策者對機會與危險的權衡過程。
  10. In the angle of economics, this paper firstly analyzes the present flow situation and main problems in existence of our military science and technology human resource, and then analyzes flow and equilibrium of supply and demand from three aspects of the quantity 、 structural and behavior ; systematically describes individual decision and unit decision of military science and technology human resource on the angle of cost and profit, reaches the conclusion that in the flowing process, we should strengthen individual ’ s autonomous right properly, establish “ the leading type of armed forces ” human resource disposition mechanism ; in succession this paper has not only put forward the basic standard of the reasonable flow of the military science and technology human resource ? the effectiveness of combat, but also explained it carefully from flow quantity, flow direction and structure, established optimum floating rate ; finally, having based on the conclusion, the paper puts forward four mechanisms ? fetching in person and brains, inner flow, encouragement restraint and reserving brains in outflow mechanisms that promote our military science and technology human resource to flow reasonably

    本文立足經濟學的角度，在分析軍事科技人力資源流動現狀與存在問題的基礎上，從數量、結構、行為三方面分析了軍事科技人力資源流動中的供求均衡;從成本收益角度系統描述了軍事科技人力資源的個人決策和單位決策，得出了在我軍科技人力資源的流動過程中應該適當加強個人的流動自主權，建立「軍隊導向型」人力資源配置機制的結論;接著本文不僅提出了軍事科技人力資源合理流動的根本標準?戰鬥力效用，而且從流量、流向和結構上進行了細化，確立了最優的流動率;最後，本文提出了促進我軍科技人力資源合理流動的四大機制:引人引智機制、內部流動機制、激勵約束機制和淘汰退出機制。
  11. Moreover, its revolve is affected by participation, the corporation organ of scientific construction can make the company power institution. policy - making body and executive institution keep effective restrain and supervise with other interest interrelators, all kinds of power can be restricted each other effectively and various aspect ' s interest can be safeguarded sufficiently. at the same time, it can also encourage shareholders meeting

    科學構建的公司機關能使公司的權力機構、決策機構、執行機構與其他利益相關者保持有效的約束和監督，使各種權力得到有效的制衡，各方面的利益得到充分的保障；同時，它還可以激勵股東會、董事會、監事會和其他利益相關者齊心協力地為提高公司經濟效益共同奮斗。
  12. By specific situations and tasks, personal computers consider three decision projects. firstly, when personal computers turn up fault, the methods of checking fault can find fault component and mechanism. calculating and comparing the consumption of maintenance and replacement can made decision

    由個人計算機具體的情況和任務出發，考慮三種情況的決策：一是當個人計算機出現故障時，應用故障檢測方法，找出故障部位、機理，通過維修與更換費用的計算和權衡做出決策，以此來補償有形磨損。
  13. It is important to note that relative value is only one dimension used in weighing the approval of a potential new initiative or in decision making for ongoing initiatives

    注意到相對價值只是用於權衡潛在的新計劃的批準且為進行的計劃制定決策的一個方面，這是很重要的。
  14. Gradually a new kind of corporate governance appears - governed corporate governance. with the change from managed corporate governance to governed corporate governance, the core function of corporate governance changes from decentralization to decision - making scientifically

    隨著管理型公司治理向治理型公司治理的演進，公司治理的核心功能從權力制衡轉移到決策科學化，公司治理的對象從管理者個人轉移到決策，決策成為不同利益相關者交換信息、增進溝通的平臺。
  15. Secondly, it discusses the core issues on contingent claims of the risk - return and managerial procedures of risk identifying, measuring, controlling and decision - making. thirdly, it introduces the theories of portfolio management, asset pricing, arbitrage pricing, options pricing, hedge, comprehensive risk management. next, it expatiates the current risk management method which are extensively used in the real world, especially, the applying of var model in our country. finally, on the basis of above, the paper sets forth presentiment and administrative system

    第三章首先分析了投資銀行風險管理的內涵、風險管理的目標，闡述了風險管理的軸心-風險和收益的相機抉擇和風險的識別、衡量、控制和決策的管理程序。詳細介紹了資產組合管理理論、資本資產定價理論、套利定價理論、期權定價理論、套期保值理論和綜合風險管理理論等風險管理理論工具。對目前在國內外應用成熟的風險管理方法也作了闡述，特別對var模型在我國的應用進行了探討。
  16. The first part discusses the theoretic connotation and historical evolvement of power, taking the ex planation of power in different times and different countries into account, discussing that " serving people " still is the core tenet for leaders and cadres " coming into power under the greatly changed political and economical circumstances. the second part discusses the issue that how to make use of power correctly, discussing the following issues in turn : the impersonal political and economical circumstances of the use of power ; the four factors which often cause the happening of the mistakes of power - using ; the basic demands n principles and requirements of the use of power, and discusses the fundamental measure of the right use of power - - - - - - the establishment of systems, attaching more importance on the system of cadre and person, the system of decision - making of important matters, the system of supervision. at last the thesis discusses the safeguard of the right use of power - - establishment of professional morality of the leaders and cadres

    第一部分通過論述權力的理論概念及歷史演變，結合古今中外人們對權力的不同解釋，論述了我黨在執政環境發生重大變化的今天，領導幹部掌權用權的核心和宗旨依然是「執政為民」 ；第二部分論述了如何正確行使權力的問題，依次論述了權力行使的客觀政治經濟環境，權力得到正確行使的基本要求，導致權力運行失誤的四種經常性因素，以及保障權力得以正確行使的制衡性原則、公開性原則、法制性原則、自製性原則，並以幹部人事制度、重大問題決策制度與監督制度為重點論述了權力得以正確行使的根本? ?制度建設，最後討論了權力得以正確行使的有力保障? ?領導幹部職業道德建設，分別論述了幹部職業道德建設的主要內容及途徑。
  17. In the end, it is concluded that the privileged investors will select the optimal investment time and the optimal monopolized output in terms of the identity of the low cost to become the leader of the market whether they are the high cost enterprises or the low ; on the basis of observing the leaders ' strategies, the followers will select the optimal investment time into the market according to the basic principle of applying the real option method into the investment decision ; subsequently, the leaders and the followers will yield in terms of the perfect bayesian equilibrium output to get the equilibrium income together

    無論是在高成本或低成本類型下，占優型企業均會以低成本的身份選擇最佳投資時機和最佳壟斷產量進入市場生產、成為市場的領導者；在觀察到領導者行動策略的基礎上，追隨者按實物期權方法的投資決策基本規則確定其進入市場的最佳投資時機；隨后，領導者與追隨者按照精煉貝耶斯納什均衡產量進行生產，共同獲得市場均衡收益。
  18. It is the time that they have to consider multiple decision making objectives, balance each aspect benefit and be confronted with international and inland assorted risks when highest class constitute strategic layout or countermeasure, medial class handle things of economic construction or produce management and lowest class arrange routine work, so which is to say that system and comprehensive concept must be brought hi our decision making, wherefore research into multiple objectives decision making under risk possess full realistic meaning

    在這樣的環境中，無論是高層制定戰略規劃或對策，中層對于經濟建設或生產經營的管理，以及基層具體工作安排等，都不得不權衡各方利益，考慮多種決策目標，同時，還不得不面臨國際、國內各種各樣的風險，也就是說必須要有一種系統、全面的觀念來做出決策。因此，多目標風險型決策的研究具有十分現實的意義。
  19. Furthermore, these individuals are precluded from assuming executive positions in the company. independent non - executive directors owe a fiduciary duty to the company and its shareholders and, in particular, are entrusted with the responsibility of protecting the interests of minority shareholders

    獨立非執行董事對公司及全體股東負有誠信與勤勉義務，尤其是保護小股東的權益，並為董事會的決策過程注入了非常重要的制衡元素。
  20. The broadly - defined corporate governance does not confine to shareholder checking and balance to the manager, but involve extensive correlated beneficiaries who include shareholder, creditor, supplier, employee, government, community, etc. corporate governance coordinate company and correlated beneficiaries by formal and unofficial, internal and external system or mechanism, so as to ensure company scientific process of decision, thus maintain the interests of various fields of company finally

    廣義的公司治理則不局限於股東對經營者的制衡，而是涉及到廣泛的利害相關者，包括股東、債權人、供應商、雇員、政府和社區等與公司有利害關系的集團。公司治理是通過一套包括正式或非正式的、內部的或外部的制度或機制來協調公司與所有利害相關者之間的利益關系，以保證公司決策的科學化，從而最終維護公司各方面的利益。
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