比例偏差 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [bǐlìpiānchā]
比例偏差 英文
proportional jitter
  • 比 : Ⅰ動詞1 （比較; 較量高下、 長短、距離、好壞等） compare; compete; contrast; match; emulate 2 （比...
  • 偏 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （不正; 歪斜） inclined to one side; slanting; leaning 2 （只側重一面） partial; prejudi...
  • 差 : 差Ⅰ名詞1 （不相同; 不相合） difference; dissimilarity 2 （差錯） mistake 3 [數學] （差數） differ...
  • 比例 : 1. （長度上縮小和放大的倍數） scale; scaling 2. （比率） proportion; ratio; proportionality
  1. The stability of electric power system has been being focused for a long time toprevent a power system from losing synchronism after sudden fault ， researchers have done much work and got many accomplishments this paper applied the direct feedback linearization ( dfl ) technique on the power system ， a strong nonlinear system simulation results by matlab proved this method efficiency main works and results are as follows ： this paper compared some existing methods in excitation control ， fast valve control and coordinated control respectively, analyzed the developments and actuality of nonlinear control research in brief, illustrated why ransient stability could be greatly improved by using the fast valve control in chapter 3 ， indicated the importance of coordinated control farther this paper introduced the inverse system theory, based on which ， discussed the dfl theory, pointed out which had consistency with the inverse theory, expanded the dfl theory combined the idiographic model equations ， made which adapt to the model of a single machine - infinite bus power system this paper referenced abundance articles and educed a set of equations ， which could describe the dynamical process of excitation and fast valve control for synchronous generators in the equations ， there were several very important parameters of power system - - rotor angle ( ) ， rotor speed ( ) ， generator q axis voltage ( eq ) ， transient voltage ( e ' q ) ， active power ( pe ) ， mechanical input power ( pm ) ， valve opening ( ) ， generator terminal voltage ( vt ) ， based on the model ， nonlinear coordinated controller and terminal voltage optimal controller have been designed by using the expanded dfl theory and lq optimal control theory the simulation results showed that the controller could keep power system transiently stable under the effects of a symmetrical 3 - phase short circuit fault ， which achieved better postfault regulation compared with another two routine methods ， one is the proportion excitation controller and proportion fast valve controller, the other is the proportion excitation controller and the optimal fast valve controller, which could exert good performance when met 1ittle disturbance either

    在介紹逆系統理論的基礎上，詳細介紹了dfl理論，通過比較闡明了dfl理論其本質是逆系統方法的一類，並結合具體課題推導出的模型方程將dfl理論進行了擴展，使之適應于電力系統這個強非線性對象。通過參考大量的書籍文獻推導出一套實用的可將大型汽輪發電機勵磁與汽門綜合起來進行控制的模型方程，此模型方程涵蓋了電力系統中特別引人注目的幾個量- -轉子角、轉子轉速、發電機q軸電勢eq 、暫態電勢e ' q 、有功功率pe 、機械功率pm 、汽門開度、機端電壓vt ，在此基礎上建立了實用的電力系統簡化的數學模型，並將擴展的dfl理論應用於此模型系統，結合線性二次型最優控制理論設計出大型汽輪發電機的非線性綜合控制器及機端電壓最優控制器，通過模擬實驗與採用常規的按電壓偏差進行調節的比例式勵磁控制器+汽門比例控制及採用常規的按電壓偏差進行調節的比例式勵磁調節器和基於二次型性能指標設計的最優快控汽門（考慮發電機的飽和因素）進行了對比，證實了採用此種控制器可以有效地提高電力系統的暫態穩定性，並且在電力系統遭受小干擾時同樣具有良好的調節性能。
  2. Analysis of the area proportions and standard deviations of a certain gscc soil classified to cst showed that the lower the unit in referencing, the easier the referencing would be

    分析高山土參比後分屬的系統分類不同類型土壤面積比例及其標準偏差，表明土壤參比的單元級別越低，越易於參比和把握，進一步開展土壤系統分類的基層分類研究顯得十分必要。
  3. Intelligent actuator receives the output signal from the regulator and compares it with valve position feedback signal and obtains output signal which is directly proportional to the output signal of regulator according to the deviation between the signals and then control the pneumatic actuator

    智能執行器接受調節器的輸出信號，在與閥位反饋信號進行比較，然後根據兩者的偏差產生和調節器輸出信號成正比例的輸出信號控制執行器。
  4. As some of the persons involved had migrated investigators had to make overseas trips to collect evidence. as the investigation progressed, the gravity of the case grew with it. the rate of cement to screed as set by the works bureau at the time was 1 : 5 to 1 : 7, however the 26 blocks were found to have a ratio as low as 1 : 19. 2

    調查工作暴露了建造工程出現的嚴重違規情況例如偷工減料建築石屎成份嚴重偏離工務局要求英泥對沙石一比五至一比七的比例，只達一比八點三，甚至差至一比十九點二，完全妄顧樓宇安全。
  5. Despite actualities vary with countries and percentage of sheep and cattle are a bit different, considering the trend on a general level, the percentage of grass - eating animal in our country is lower and less than developed country by 35 %. we must regulate the industry structure. the level of grass - eating animal in shandong province is higher than the national average level, although a bit superior, the gap is still large, the development of grass - eating animal still have a long way to go

    盡管各國的實際情況不同，牛羊所佔比例也不盡相同，但從總的趨勢來看，我國草食家畜較發達國家低35 %左右，所佔比例偏低，需要調整畜牧業產業結構，山東省草食家畜超過全國平均水平，有一定的優勢，但從草食家畜發展趨勢來看，差距很大，需要大力發展草食家畜。
  6. To accept the current signal from high negative voltage circuit, the analog ground is raised to a certain positive voltage, which makes it possible for the signal amplitude to be compressed at the same time of its polarity reversion. a pi control program special for laser gyro current control is brought forward according to the conventional pid control method, in which the control signal is figured out corresponding to the difference between the sample and the reference value by turn of proportion - short step integral - long step integral. and at the end of this paper, a comparison of system performance on different conditions is made and the key elements influencing system performance are educed

    利用集成a / d 、 d / a轉換器的新型晶元aduc824 ，實現了電流（電壓）采樣?數據處理?電流控制的閉環控制結構；地電位的抬升解決了a / d轉換器對負高壓迴路電流采樣時的輸入范圍匹配問題；控制信號反相的同時進行幅度壓縮，使得輸出調整電壓的解析度提高；根據常規的比例?積分?微分（ pid ）調節模型，針對陀螺系統的特性，給出了一種可以滿足系統要求、據采樣值偏差大小進行的比例?大步長積分?小步長積分、分層次比例?積分演算法；不同條件下系統穩流性能的對比、分析在論文最後給出，並據此找出了決定該系統穩流精度的關鍵因素，提出了系統的改進意見。
  7. The thesis has done the widespread investigation and study to the domestic and foreign ’ s technologies of analogy low voltage and low power, and analyzes the principles of work, merts and shortcomings of these technologies, based on the absorption of these technologies, it designs a 1. 5v low power rail - to - rail cmos operational amplifier. when designing input stage, in order to enable the input common mode voltage range to achieve rail - to - rail, it does not use the traditional differential input pair, but use the nmos tube and the pmos tube parallel supplementary differential input pair to the structure, and uses the proportional current mirror technology to realize the constant transconductance of input stage. in the middle gain stage design, the current mirror load does not use the traditional standard cascode structure, but uses the low voltage, wide - swing casecode structure which is suitable to work in low voltage. when designing output stage, in order to enhance the efficiency, it uses the push - pull common source stage amplifier as the output stage, the output voltage swing basically reached rail - to - rail. the thesis changes the design of the traditional normal source based on the operational amplifier, uses the differential amplifier with current mirror load to design a normal current source. the normal current source provides the stable bias current and the bias voltage to the operational amplifier, so the stability of operational amplifier is guaranteed. the thesis uses the miller compensate technology with a adjusting zero resistance to compensate the operational amplifier

    本論文對國內外的模擬低電壓低功耗技術做了廣泛的調查研究，分析了這些技術的工作原理和優缺點，在吸收這些技術成果基礎上設計了一個1 . 5v低功耗軌至軌cmos運算放大器。在設計輸入級時，為了使輸入共模電壓范圍達到軌至軌，不是採用傳統的差動輸入結構，而是採用了nmos管和pmos管並聯的互補差動輸入對結構，並採用成比例的電流鏡技術實現了輸入級跨導的恆定;在中間增益級設計中，電流鏡負載並不是採用傳統的標準共源共柵結構，而是採用了適合在低壓工作的低壓寬擺幅共源共柵結構;在輸出級設計時，為了提高效率，採用了推挽共源級放大器作為輸出級，輸出電壓擺幅基本上達到了軌至軌;本論文改變傳統基準源基於運放的設計，採用了帶電流鏡負載的差分放大器設計了一個基準電流源，給運放提供穩定的偏置電流和偏置電壓，保證了運放的穩定性;並採用了帶調零電阻的密勒補償技術對運放進行頻率補償。
  8. School areas are too large and the schoolyards and green spaces are too small ; classroom construction is not up to national standards ; and classrooms contain too many students. furthermore, the school desks and chairs often are not compatible ; and books, instruments and sports equipment are far from enough. there is a gap between software and hardware in the configuration of audio - visual aids ; and the coefficient of the utilization of existing equipment is low and ineffective

    通過研究發現，西峰市普通完全中學目前存在著布點不合理，學校規模過大，校園及綠化面積偏小，教室建築規范性差，室內學生容納過量，課桌椅不配套，圖書、儀器、體育器材嚴重不足，電化教學設備軟硬體配置比例失調，現有教學設備利用率低、效益差，學校管理者教學設施建設中作風浮夸等問題。
  9. Firstly the method of rayleigh - ritz and galerkin were adopted to analyze the beams under loading combined antisymmetric end moments with transverse uniformly distributed load theoretically, and the results were compared with that offered by kirby, p. a and nethercot, d. a, it showed that result was approximate and even lower and so to some extent the approach used in the paper is practice. secondly several principal factors that affect the beam stability were analyzed respectively, especially the shortening effect was mentioned scarely in some literature so far. at last, the author adopted the matlab to program the finite element software to analyze numerically, the results derived from it were agreed well with it

    本文分別採用了rayleigh - ritz法和galerkin法從理論上分析了反對稱端彎矩及橫向均布載共同作用下樑的等效彎矩系數，並與kirby ， p . a和nethercot ， d . a分析結果進行對比，結果表明本文採用的方法得出的等效彎矩系數與其得出結果比較，在均布荷載與端彎矩比例相差不大時基本接近或偏小，說明此方法是可行的，而當均布荷載與端彎矩比例較大時，應根據均布荷載作用進行彎矩等效方法來計算。
  10. The results were summarized as follows : ( 1 ) diamond - like carbon films could be fabricated by plasma source ion implantation ; it was found that different parameters such as the negative voltage, frequency, gas flux influenced sp3 bond ratio of dlcs, the paper described the effect in details and showed that diamond - like carbon films with increasing negative voltage, reducing frequency, appropriate gas flux got high proportion of sp3 bond ; dlcs prepared by psii contained a good deal of sic, the composition affected its properties ( such as the films hardness ) ; psii method could offer good adhesion to dlcs, but it caused the surface morphology to become asperity

    研究結果表明： （ 1 ）用全方位離子注入技術能夠制備出類金剛石膜。在全方位離子注入技術中，不同的偏壓、頻率、氣體流量都對薄膜中sp ~ 3鍵比例有所影響，文中對具體的影響進行了分析，發現偏壓增加、頻率降低和適中的氣體流量可以制備出含sp ~ 3鍵較多的類金剛石膜；同時發現用全方位離子注入技術制備的類金剛石膜含有大量的sic成份，這對薄膜的性能（例如硬度）影響很大；用全方位離子注入制備的薄膜其結合力得到增強，但薄膜的表面形貌差。
  11. The influences of the atomic coherence and the intensity of the field on the quantum information entropy squeezing of the atomic dipoles are investigated in detail. the comparing the numerical results obtained from the uncertainty relation of heisenberg ( hur ) to those from the uncertainty relation of the quantum information entropy ( eur ) proves the triviality of hur with exact examples

    具體考慮原子相干性和光場強度對原子信息熵壓縮的影響，並且比較了分別從基於信息熵測不準關系和海森堡測不準關系出發得出的結果，從實例中證明信息熵壓縮克服了標準偏差壓縮的平庸性。
  12. Then, this paper empirically tested the validation and predictive accuracy of different var risk management model in the domestic financial market. finally, with the analysis of modem financial risk management development trend and the current domestic financial risk management situation, this paper made a prospect for the application of this model in the construction of domestic financial risk management system. through the analysis, the main conclusions are as follows : ( l ) the traditional mean - variance model is the special example of the portfolio selection based on the var risk management model for the case that the returns of the portfolio are assumed to be normally distributed ; compared with the mean - variance model, the var risk management model is more comprehensive and accurate in the measurement of the portfolio risk, so based on the var model, the investors can allocate the asset more effectively. ( 2 ) the var risk management model can provide the timely and comprehensive risk information for the top risk manager, so it is very helpful to the improvement of total risk management efficiency. ( 3 ) based on the var model, the raroc performance valuation approach can reflect the real performance of the portfolio manager and provide the coherent standard for the allocation of risk limitation and the construction of the incentive compatibility constraint mechanism in the financial instiutions

    通過研究分析，本文主要得出如下結論： （ 1 ）傳統的markowitz均值? ?方差模型僅僅是在資產組合收益率正態分佈假設條件下基於var風險管理模型進行資產組合選擇的特例，與均值? ?方差模型中的方差風險度量方法相比， var風險管理模型能夠更全面、更貼切地衡量資產組合的風險，且基於此模型能夠更有效地進行資產配置決策； （ 2 ） var風險管理模型能夠滿足更高層次風險管理者對風險信息的需求，有助於整體風險管理效率的提高； （ 3 ）基於var風險管理模型的raroc績效評價能夠反映資產組合管理人的真實業績，從而為金融機構風險限額的分配和激勵約束機制的制定提供統一的標準； （ 4 ）國內證券市場資產組合收益率服從正態分佈的假設明顯不成立，實證檢驗表明基於資產組合收益率正態分佈假設條件下的方差? ?協方差模型對國內資產組合風險的預測存在較大的偏差，由於文中證明在收益率正態分佈假設條件下基於方差? ?協方差模型進行資產組合選擇的結果等價于markowitz的均值? ?方差模型，因此，均值? ?方差模型對國內資產組合風險的預測同樣會存在著較大的偏差，而半參數var風險管理模型則能夠取得較好的預測衡量效果； （ 5 ） var風險管理模型符合未來金融風險管理的發展趨勢，基於var風險管理模型建立內容提要風險限額內控體系、風險信息披露體系和業績評價體系，並進行金融監管，將有助於國內金融機構內部風險管理方法和外部監管技術跟上國際金融風險管理的發展潮流。
  13. A comparision between the partly - weigthed least - squares estimation and the kalman filter is made on precise kinematic gps positioning with the fixed ambiguities, which shows that the positioning results from the partly - weigthed least squares, which accuracy is at the level of 10 cm, are much more accurate than the results from the kalman filter, which accuracy is at the level of a few meters

    針對高精度動態定位結果的精度，對最小二乘法和經典kalman濾波這兩種演算法進行了綜合分析和比較。算例顯示，在高精度gps動態測量中，最小二乘法可以提供厘米級精度的位置結果，而kalman濾波演算法不但不能提高定位結果的精度，反而會給定位結果引入米級的偏差。
  14. Referring to three kinds of plan irregularity, structures individually with four kinds of irregularity as eccentricity in one direction, eccentricities in two directions, re - entrant corner irregularity and diaphragm discontinuity have been analyzed to investigate the relationship between torsion effects and parameters of above irregular structures. the parameters and the schemes for determining the scope of structures with different kind of irregularity considering seismic action in two directions simultaneously are proposed, some conclusions have been get as following : it is indicated by the analysis results that torsion effect has no dependency relation with eccentric torsional angel adopted in code for seismic design for buildings. it is suggested that the eccentric torsional angel should not be take as the parameter of torsion effect of structures considering seismic action in two directions simultaneously ; for the structures with regular plan and elevation and with eccentricity in one direction due to irregular mass layout, the relative eccentricity can be take as the parameter of torsion effect of structures considering seismic action in two directions simultaneously ; for the structures with regular plan and elevation and with eccentricities in two directions due to irregular mass layout, the ratio of relative eccentricities in two directions and the angel of them can be take as the parameters of torsion effect of structures considering seismic action in two directions simultaneously ; it is indicated by the analysis results that the torsion effect has no dependency relation with re - entrant corner ratio adopted in code for seismic design for buildings as

    所取得的主要結論有：結構的扭轉效應與《抗震規范》所採用的扭轉不規則指標即偏心扭轉角之間的相關性較差，偏心扭轉角不宜作為判斷結構是否計及扭轉效應及需考慮雙向水平地震作用的界定指標；對于樓層間均勻偏心的多層單向偏心結構，建議採用相對偏心距作為需考慮雙向水平地震作用的界定指標，並給出針對不同平面尺寸的界限相對偏心距；對于樓層間均勻偏心的多層雙向偏心結構，建議採用兩個主軸方向的相對偏心距及其夾角作為界定指標，結合單向偏心結構的界定方案進行需考慮雙向水平地震作用的結構范圍界定；凸凹不規則結構的扭轉效應與凸凹比例無正相關關系， 《抗震規范》要求所有平面布置不對稱的凸凹不規則結構計及扭轉效應的規定欠妥當，建議凸凹不規則界限值從30改為15 ，只要求分析採用空間模型比較合適； 《抗震規范》關于有效樓板寬度較小的結構需計及扭轉效應的規定很有必要，樓板局部不連續的結構需採用符合樓板實際剛度的計算模型予以分析，可使用相對偏心距（及其夾角）參照單向（和雙向）偏心結構的界定方案，界定樓板局部不連續結構是否需要計入雙向水平地震作用下的扭轉效應。
  15. In designing ship course ' s fuzzy control system, a kind of self - tuning scaling factors based on system ' s course error ( e ) and change in error ( ec ) is present t o realize ship course ' s adaptive fuzzy control

    本文在進行船舶操縱運動模糊控制系統設計中，為使系統工作平穩，研究了一種根據系統工作過程中的偏差和偏差變化率自動校正比例因子的演算法，以實現船舶航向自適應控制。
  16. We investigate the decision - making problem with a finite set of alternatives, in which the decision information takes the form of a fuzzy preference relation. we develop a simple and practical approach to obtaining the priority vector of a fuzzy preference relation. the prominent characteristic of the developed approach is that the priority vector can generally be obtained by a simple formula, which is derived from a quadratic programming model. we utilize the consistency ratio to check the consistency of fuzzy preference relation. if the fuzzy preference relation is of unacceptable consistency, then we can return it to the decision maker to reconsider structuring a new fuzzy preference relation until the fuzzy preference relation with acceptable consistency is obtained. we finally illustrate the priority approach by two numerical examples. the numerical results show that the developed approach is straightforward, effective, and can easily be performed on a computer

    研究了決策信息以模糊偏好關系給出的有限方案決策問題，提出了一種簡潔且實用的模糊偏好關系排序方法.該方法首先建立一個二次規劃模型，然後基於該模型推導出求解模糊偏好關系排序向量的一個簡潔公式.基於獲得的排序向量，利用一致性比例對模糊偏好關系進行一致性檢驗.對於一致性較差的模糊偏好關系，則需反饋給決策者重新進行判斷，直至得到一個一致性可接受的模糊偏好關系為止.最後，利用2個算例對該方法進行分析和說明，數值結果表明該方法簡潔、有效，且易於在計算機上操作
  17. Take the hoc based blind modulation detection algorithm as an example, the relationship between the blind modulation detection algorithm and synchronization is investigated. an unproved detection algorithm robust to frequency offset is proposed which solves the problem caused by the error in carrier synchronization. how to synchronize a received signal with unknown modulation type is studied and a blind algorithm to estimate symbol timing of the signals with unknown modulation type is presented

    研究了載波同步和碼元定時同步與調制方式盲檢測演算法的關系；以自適應單載波中高階累積量調制方式盲檢測演算法為例，對于載波同步誤差引起的頻偏問題，提出一種基於頻偏穩健的mdpsk信號調制方式盲檢測演算法；對于未知調制方式信號的定時同步問題，提出一種盲定時估計演算法，該演算法可以估計mdpsk和mqam信號的定時同步信息，實現數字信號的同步分類；提出了一種基於調制方式盲檢測的自適應接收機結構，把調制方式盲檢測，信噪比估計和同步解調聯合起來進行，實現調制方式隨通道質量而自適應變化的信號的正確接收。
  18. ( 3 ) we solve the model of portfolio by using evolutionary programming under the condition of the covariance matrix which is a non - positive matrix, design the methods which can solve markowitz ' s model and multifactor portfolio model. and we improve on markowitz ' s model, establish the optimal model under the conditions that the investor is risk - avoid or risk - like

    此外，本文對均值?方差模型進行了改進，得出了投資者為風險偏好或風險厭惡時的資產組合模型，設計了相應的進化規劃演算法，給出了算例，並比較了各模型的差異，分析了改進模型的意義。
  19. Take a comprehensive view of the society transformation period the female " s employment of shanxi province, female employment number with the descent of the comparison, female occupation construction not reasonable, employment structure low, employment personnel ' s character than bad the etc. problem becomes the social common concern, at the same time employment outlet develop diversifically, employment realm open widely gradually become the new trend

    綜觀社會轉型期山西省女性就業狀況，女性就業人數和比例的下降，女性職業結構不合理，就業層次偏低，就業人員素質較差等問題成為社會的共同關注，但同時就業渠道多元化發展，就業行業逐步拓寬成為女性就業領域的新趨勢。
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