比例限差 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [bǐlìxiànchā]
比例限差 英文
proportional limit
  • 比 : Ⅰ動詞1 （比較; 較量高下、 長短、距離、好壞等） compare; compete; contrast; match; emulate 2 （比...
  • 限 : Ⅰ名詞（指定的范圍; 限度） limit; bounds Ⅱ動詞（指定范圍, 不許超過） set a limit; limit; restrict
  • 差 : 差Ⅰ名詞1 （不相同; 不相合） difference; dissimilarity 2 （差錯） mistake 3 [數學] （差數） differ...
  • 比例 : 1. （長度上縮小和放大的倍數） scale; scaling 2. （比率） proportion; ratio; proportionality
  1. Second, go deep into investigate the frame and calculate method of real options, apply formulation of gesk, black - scholes carr and margrabe to a instance, and compare the results of different formulations. make use of binominal lattice ^ finite difference and monte carlo to one instance. this paper suggests that the operable procedure and method copeland and antikarov provided with monte carlo simulation and binominal lattice is a best way

    第二，深入分析實物期權應用框架和計算方法，利用gesk公式、 black - scholes公式、 carr公式和margrabe公式對具體的實例進行了計算比較，又採用二項網格法、有限差分方法和蒙特卡羅方法對實例進行了模擬計算。
  2. This is so because climbing plants are likely to encounter intensive - changing environmental condition during their growth ( especially change of illumination ). secondly, there is a large proportion ( 30 - 40 % ) of climbing plants which belong to dioecism, and hence a gap between male and female plants on morphology, biological characteristic, economic value and so on. this dissertation focuses on herbaceous climbing plants, perennial or annual species such as dioecious trchosahthes kirilowii maxin and dioscorea opposita thumb, and monoecious luffa cylindrical ( l ) roem, it attempts to discover how climbing plants adapted to various environments and the mechanism of adaptation from aspects of physiological and reproductive ecologies at present, due to overuse of chlorofluorocarbons ( cfcs ), the ozonosphere has become thinner and thinner, and the ultraviolet - b ( uv - b ) radiation has increased considerably

    而攀援植物本身是一類理想的植物行為生態學研究材料：第一，攀緣植物由於受攀緣能力和支柱木資源的限制，在生長過程中通常要遇到強烈變化的環境條件（特別是光照） ；第二，攀緣植物中具有較高比例的雌雄異株類型，通常佔地區攀緣植物種類的30 40左右，不同性別的植物在形態學及生物學特性、經濟價值等方面存在一定的差距，因此，本文以雌雄異株攀緣植物栝樓（ trchosahtheskirilowiimaxim ） （葫蘆科多年生草質藤本植物）和山藥（ dioscoreaoppositathunb ） （薯蕷科薯蕷屬植物） 、雌雄同株異花攀緣植物絲瓜[ luffacylindrical （ l ） roem ] （葫蘆科一年生攀緣草本植物）為材料，試圖從生理生態學及生殖生態學角度揭示攀援植物如何適應不同生境及其機理。
  3. Plant endemism is the key problem in floristic study. analysis of endemism in a flora has significant implications in demonstrating floristic richness and diversity, the relationship between plants and their environment, and also in conserving biodiversity of the flora. in view of the situation that most of the past studies on endemism were qualitative, this study is the first tentative approach to the introduction of quantitative indices to the analysis of floristic endemism, with an purpose to push the study of endemism from qualitative to quantitative. four quantitative indices are introduced, i. e. level of endemism ( l ), coefficient of endemism ( c ), degree of endemism ( d ) and general index of endemism ( a ). mathematical formulae have been given to each of the above indices and explanations for them have been presented, and the scope of their use in floristic studies has been delimited and exemplified in this paper. the result shows that they are of good applicability. the proposed indices embody full information of plant systematics and plant geography. with the aid of qualitative analysis, the application of the proposed indices will improve the comparability and precision of endemism study in floristics

    過去有關特有現象的研究主要限於定性的分析，可比性和精確性較差.該文嘗試引入特有現象的定量化指標，以推動特有現象的分析研究從定性水平向定量水平邁進.所引入的4種定量化指標分別是：特有水平、特有系數、特有度以及特有綜合指數.對每種量化指標都給出了數學表達式，說明了其區系學意義，例證和界定了這些指標在植物區系分析中的應用，結果表明，它們有良好的適用性.這些指標充分地包含了植物系統學和植物區系學的信息.結合定性分析，這些指標的應用將增強植物區系研究的可比性，使植物區系特有現象的分析達到更精確的水平
  4. By the check - out, inspection and measurement to start construction the industrial art to this test pile with the examination between stake body mass and bearing power, made sure the stroke reasonable operation method drilling under the dissolved cavern geology term ; the pier foundation loading test expressed the lading and rub the lading that resistance drag a glazing for of relation, and to the borehole cast - in - place concrete pile in the karst terrain deliver with break the mechanism, the characteristic of bearing power, proceeding the spot test job of the full of result ; the test data expresses the stake side friction resistance to rises with a bat batch terminal friction resistance very important function, the of tip of pile resistance drag occupies the proportion very few

    通過對本次試樁施工工藝的檢測和樁身質量及承載力的檢驗，確定了沖擊鉆在溶洞地質條件下的合理使用方法；基樁承載實驗表明了荷載與摩擦阻力之間的關系，並對巖溶地區的嵌巖灌注樁的荷載傳遞和破壞機理、承載力特性，進行了富有成果的現場測試工作；試驗數據表明樁側摩阻和支盤端阻起很重要的作用，樁端阻力所佔比例甚少。這與設計樁基時的計算模式相差很大，承載力也較設計增加；使用力學數值分析方法和有限單元法，對鉆孔灌注樁樁端下的巖體強度和結構穩定性方面進行模擬計算和定量研究。
  5. In this paper, high - order accurate weighted essentially non - oscillatory ( weno ) schemes are investigated and their applications in hyperbolic conservation laws are discussed. based on this, a new weno difference scheme which based on dispersion - relation - preserving relation is developed, and representative test cases with this scheme for computational aeroacoustics ( caa ) problems has been implemented and compared in order to test capability of wave capturing ; in addition, weno schemes generally do not converge at high order in the presence of contact discontinuity of euler equations, so a conservative front tracking technique coupling weno schemes and level set method to simulate the translating density profile is presented here, and numerical simulation with this technique for representative test case has been implemented and results show the desired accuracy

    本文研究了高階精度加權基本無振蕩（ weno ）格式及其在雙曲守恆律方程中的應用，在此基礎上作了兩個方面的工作：一是針對高頻聲波問題構造出一種基於保色散關系（ drp ）的weno有限差分格式，並對計算氣動聲學（ caa ）問題的代表性算例進行了大量數值實驗，比較了該格式捕捉波數的能力；另外，針對高階weno格式在處理euler方程的接觸間斷時精度有所降低的問題，研究了利用界面追蹤技術levelset方法和高階激波捕捉weno格式相結合的一種守恆追蹤方法，並且給出有代表性的密度滑移面問題的算例，得到一致高階精度的數值模擬結果。
  6. Abstract : this paper studies the structure, function and realization of ceramic / metal gradient thermal barrier coatings dynamic design software by combining the conceptions of thermal barrier coatings ( tbcs ) and functional gradient materials ( fgms ). through a typical example, it compares and analyses the simulation results of temperature field in the multiplayer gradient cylinder model calculated by analytical method, finite difference method and finite element method

    文摘:結合熱障塗層和功能梯度材料的概念，研究陶瓷/金屬梯度熱障塗層動態設計軟體的結構與功能及其實現過程.通過具體的例子，對多層圓筒模型的溫度場的解析解、差分解及有限元解的模擬結果進行了比較及分析
  7. When the solutions of examples are achieved, the superiorities of the method is embodied which are big pace and good stability even when net meter ratio is bigger than 1, which is a greatly breakthrough in the limit of stabilization in the finity difference method ago

    在具體的算例計算中體現了辛差分方法的優越性：步長大，在網格比大於1時仍具有較好的穩定性，大大地突破了以往的有限差分方法穩定條件的局限。
  8. Performance for a piezoresistive transducer pressure sensor to thermal and pressure environments can be predicted by finite element method. a simplified 1 / 8 model, considering silicon dioxide and nitride process as well as stack anodic bonding and adhesive bonding processes, was developed. the fem results were found to be comparable to experimental data. case studies suggested that pyrex stack induces certain amount of non - linearity, while it isolates hard epoxy nonlinear effect. flexible epoxy bonding or soft adhesive bonding is preferred to the packaging process. the viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity of bonding material will result in hysteresis and drift errors to sensor output. however, soft adhesive s influence on sensor can be ignored under relative stable environments. more over, detailed design and process information will help to improve modeling application

    熱、壓環境下壓阻變換壓力傳感器的性能可以通過有限元方法預測.這里研究了簡化的1 / 8模型，模型考慮了二氧化硅和氮化硅生成過程及堆陽極鍵合和膠粘結合過程.結果發現有限元預測結果和實驗數據具有可比性.範例研究表明，硼硅堆導致產生一定的非線性，但它隔離了硬環氧樹脂的非線性.在包裝過程中最好使用柔性環氧黏合或軟黏膠性結合.黏合材料的黏彈性和黏塑性將會導致傳感器輸出的滯后和漂移誤差.然而，在相對穩定的環境下，軟黏合劑對傳感器的影響可以忽略.此外，詳細的設計和過程信息有助於提高模型的適用性
  9. Taking the earth - rock dams with straight clay core constructed on thick moraine cover foundation and directly built on bed - rocks with the same sizes and the same materials for example, two - dimensional dynamic fem programme is used to contrast and analyze the static stress distribution and dynamic response difference of two types of high earth - rock dams in the intensive earthquake zones

    摘要以相同尺度和相同材料的建造在深厚覆蓋層上直心墻土石壩和直接建設在基巖上的直心墻土石壩為例，採用二維動力有限元程序對比和分析了強震區兩種高土石壩的靜應力分佈和動力反應的差異。
  10. According to the comparison result, the variance analysis will not be applicable when the allowance range has to be set flexibly according to specific operation requirements although it can achieve a high rate of fault detection. for example, when the allowance range of some particular component gets bigger, the variance analysis could not precisely define the new judgment boundary

    比較后發現，方差特徵分析法雖然可以達到很高的故障檢測率，但不適用於元件容差需根據具體要求靈活設定的情況，例如當具體情況中某個元件的容差范圍變大時，用方差分析法卻不能準確地定出新的判斷界限。
  11. Thirdly, ultimate bearing capacity theory was applied in the design of asphalt pavments. ultimate state design method for asphalt pavment structures was put forward and illustrated by a specific example. difference in design thickness by method of this paper and that of specifications was compared

    再次，將極限承載力理論應用於瀝青路面設計領域，提出了瀝青路面結構極限狀態設計方法，通過具體實例來說明，並比較了按本文方法與按規范方法得出的設計厚度的差異。
  12. A scale coefficient method based on the fem has been proposed to predict the optimum blank in sheet metal forming in this thesis. in order to improve the precision of results and reduce iterate time, at adjusting the original curve, this method is n ' t giving the same adjustment, but giving the corresponding adjustment based on calculation of scale coefficient and shape error of each node to the curve

    本文在有限元模擬的基礎上提出了一種新的板料優化的方法? ?比例因子法，該方法在調整初始輪廓線時，不是給各個節點一個相同的調整量，而是依各個節點的比例因子及形狀誤差值計算出相應的調整量，這樣調整的針對性強，計算結果更精確，需要迭代的時間也更少。
  13. ( c ) land natural productivity increase from 7843 kg / ( hm2 - a ) to 17335 kg / ( hm2 - a ) relate to altitude closely, and the mean rate of enhancing yield is 23. 53 percent in this region with annual enhancing - rate of 0. 64 percent in last 15 years. ( d ) there are many facters that have been influe ncing soil effective coefficient that ' s soil organic matter, total nitrogen, effective phosphine and soil texture in turn. in a word, attenuation cause of land productivity is the result of water and soil. ( e ) the forestland potential productivity change from 3986 kg / hm2 to 15034 kg / hm2, but it has a high distinction between southern aera and north area in yaan city. ( f ) the grassland potential productivity increase from 4085 kg / ( hm2 - a ) to 16973 kg / ( hm2 - a ), but it has a high classification of potential productivity, ( g ) ditribution map was formed of potential land productivity. ( h ) it could be act as decision support for agriculture development, national land planning and ecotop constructive, etc

    5 、土地自然生產潛力水平的主要土壤限制因素為有機質、全氮，其次為速效磷和土壤質地；區域潛在生產力差異的制約因素，主要為土壤，次為水分，水、土兩項衰減合計為45 . 99 ，石棉、漢源兩縣水、土衰減達到60左右。 6 、林地潛力在3986 15034kg / hm ~ 2之間，高等級林地比重小，以大相嶺為界，北部的各縣林地生產力水平高，南部的兩縣林地生產力水平較低。 7 、天然草地生產潛力水平高，潛力在16973 4085kg / （ hm ~ 2 ? a ）之間，以高產的一、二、三級草地為主，且近10年來該比例變化不大。
  14. All the results of axial and radial deformation measurement by digital image processing technique and those by traditional method are compared. the differences of the soil parameters on duncan and chang ' s nonlinear model made by these two methods are analyzed. finally, a compress test results and fem results are provided to show the reasonability and veracity of digital image processing technique to study the soil stress - strain characteristic in triaxial test

    （ 2 ）三軸試驗土樣局部變形研究：首先定量比較了三軸試樣沿高度方向不同位置的局部變形（局部徑向變形與局部軸向變形）大小，分析了三軸試樣局部變形的特點和影響因素；然後把三軸試樣數字圖像測量結果與傳統測量結果進行比較，以鄧肯張非線性模型為例進行了模型參數的整理，分析了兩種不問測量方法引起的參數差異：最後用原型壓縮試驗對比有限元數值計算結果，驗證了數字圖像測量方法得到的三軸試驗土體應力應變參數的合理性和準確性。
  15. Referring to three kinds of plan irregularity, structures individually with four kinds of irregularity as eccentricity in one direction, eccentricities in two directions, re - entrant corner irregularity and diaphragm discontinuity have been analyzed to investigate the relationship between torsion effects and parameters of above irregular structures. the parameters and the schemes for determining the scope of structures with different kind of irregularity considering seismic action in two directions simultaneously are proposed, some conclusions have been get as following : it is indicated by the analysis results that torsion effect has no dependency relation with eccentric torsional angel adopted in code for seismic design for buildings. it is suggested that the eccentric torsional angel should not be take as the parameter of torsion effect of structures considering seismic action in two directions simultaneously ; for the structures with regular plan and elevation and with eccentricity in one direction due to irregular mass layout, the relative eccentricity can be take as the parameter of torsion effect of structures considering seismic action in two directions simultaneously ; for the structures with regular plan and elevation and with eccentricities in two directions due to irregular mass layout, the ratio of relative eccentricities in two directions and the angel of them can be take as the parameters of torsion effect of structures considering seismic action in two directions simultaneously ; it is indicated by the analysis results that the torsion effect has no dependency relation with re - entrant corner ratio adopted in code for seismic design for buildings as

    所取得的主要結論有：結構的扭轉效應與《抗震規范》所採用的扭轉不規則指標即偏心扭轉角之間的相關性較差，偏心扭轉角不宜作為判斷結構是否計及扭轉效應及需考慮雙向水平地震作用的界定指標；對于樓層間均勻偏心的多層單向偏心結構，建議採用相對偏心距作為需考慮雙向水平地震作用的界定指標，並給出針對不同平面尺寸的界限相對偏心距；對于樓層間均勻偏心的多層雙向偏心結構，建議採用兩個主軸方向的相對偏心距及其夾角作為界定指標，結合單向偏心結構的界定方案進行需考慮雙向水平地震作用的結構范圍界定；凸凹不規則結構的扭轉效應與凸凹比例無正相關關系， 《抗震規范》要求所有平面布置不對稱的凸凹不規則結構計及扭轉效應的規定欠妥當，建議凸凹不規則界限值從30改為15 ，只要求分析採用空間模型比較合適； 《抗震規范》關于有效樓板寬度較小的結構需計及扭轉效應的規定很有必要，樓板局部不連續的結構需採用符合樓板實際剛度的計算模型予以分析，可使用相對偏心距（及其夾角）參照單向（和雙向）偏心結構的界定方案，界定樓板局部不連續結構是否需要計入雙向水平地震作用下的扭轉效應。
  16. We investigate the decision - making problem with a finite set of alternatives, in which the decision information takes the form of a fuzzy preference relation. we develop a simple and practical approach to obtaining the priority vector of a fuzzy preference relation. the prominent characteristic of the developed approach is that the priority vector can generally be obtained by a simple formula, which is derived from a quadratic programming model. we utilize the consistency ratio to check the consistency of fuzzy preference relation. if the fuzzy preference relation is of unacceptable consistency, then we can return it to the decision maker to reconsider structuring a new fuzzy preference relation until the fuzzy preference relation with acceptable consistency is obtained. we finally illustrate the priority approach by two numerical examples. the numerical results show that the developed approach is straightforward, effective, and can easily be performed on a computer

    研究了決策信息以模糊偏好關系給出的有限方案決策問題，提出了一種簡潔且實用的模糊偏好關系排序方法.該方法首先建立一個二次規劃模型，然後基於該模型推導出求解模糊偏好關系排序向量的一個簡潔公式.基於獲得的排序向量，利用一致性比例對模糊偏好關系進行一致性檢驗.對於一致性較差的模糊偏好關系，則需反饋給決策者重新進行判斷，直至得到一個一致性可接受的模糊偏好關系為止.最後，利用2個算例對該方法進行分析和說明，數值結果表明該方法簡潔、有效，且易於在計算機上操作
  17. Study on some accounting problems of china consolidated statements : combination range of consolidated accounting statements ; partnership and proportionate consolidation method ; research on pooled price deviation ; research on consolidated income tax ; research on consolidated cash - flow statement ; research on limitation and implement ways of consolidated accounting statements

    合併范圍、合營企業與比例合併法、合併價差、合併報表所得稅、合併現金流量表等等這些問題都可借鑒國際慣例，結合我國的實際情況加以改進和完善。本章第六部分對合併報表的局限性及彌補辦法進行了研究。
  18. From the results of these experiments, we know that the improvement effect is clear when the enhancement ratio is 1. 5. but the enhancement ratio of 2. 5 is difficult to be reached because of the optical dispersion. it shows that the enhancement ratio is limited by the size of ccd sensor ' s cell and optical dispersion

    而由於ccd像元尺寸與彌散斑相差不多，要想獲得解析度提高2 . 5倍的高解析度圖已經很困難，說明反演解析法實際上對解析度的提高是有一個上限的，這和彌散斑與ccd感光像元間的大小比例有關。
  19. Our research indicates that the aggregate spatial pattern of labor flows is in highly accordance with the spatial information flows, suggesting that those who are more capable of acquiring information are more prone to migrate

    根據研究資料透露的訊息，勞工流動及資訊流動空間的型態相當一致，越是資訊充份的地方，當地的人民越能克服資訊的限制，勞工流動的比例就越高；相反的，在網路運用較差的地區勞工流動的比例就較低。
  20. On the basis of analysis previous experiment data, it is conclusion that allowable value of drift angle of elastic and elastic - plastic is 1 / 550 and 1 / 75 respectively, which is applicable to r. c. frame structure with special - shaped column is given out. the conclusion explains that the deformabiliry of r. c. frame structure with special - shaped column lies between rectangle column frame structure and shear wall structure. the calculating formula of allowable value of axial load ratio of special - shaped column is derived, it is compared with that of equaling areas rectangle column

    根據對前人試驗數據的統計分析，給出了適用於異形柱框架結構的彈性和彈塑性層間位移角限值分別為1 550和1 75 ；指出了異形柱框架結構的層間變形能力介於普通矩形柱框架結構和剪力墻結構之間；以t形柱為例，推導了異形柱軸壓比限值的計算公式，通過與等面積矩形柱的對比分析，認為異形柱的軸壓比限值與其截面尺寸的比例關系有關；當腹板受壓或翼緣受壓時， t形柱軸壓比限值存在較大差異；不同的荷載角作用，軸壓比限值變化較大；矩形柱的軸壓比限值要大於異形柱的軸壓比限值。
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