比較成本研究 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jiàochéngběnyánjiū]
比較成本研究 英文
comparative costs studies
  • : Ⅰ動詞1 (比較; 較量高下、 長短、距離、好壞等) compare; compete; contrast; match; emulate 2 (比...
  • : Ⅰ動詞1 (比較) compare 2 [書面語] (計較) dispute Ⅱ副詞(比較) comparatively; relatively; fair...
  • : Ⅰ動詞1 (完成; 成功) accomplish; succeed 2 (成為; 變為) become; turn into 3 (成全) help comp...
  • : i 名詞1 (草木的莖或根)stem or root of plants 2 (事物的根源)foundation; origin; basis 3 (本錢...
  • : 研同 「硯」
  • : Ⅰ動詞(仔細推求; 追查) study carefully; go into; investigate Ⅱ副詞[書面語] (到底; 究竟) actually; really; after all
  • 比較 : 1 (對比) compare; compare with; contrast; parallel (with); comparison; by comparison; in comp...
  • 研究 : 1. (探求) study; research 2. (考慮或商討) consider; discuss; deliberate
  1. Cryptic species have been found in a wide range of marine organisms ; with majority of them are benthic invertebrates. in contrast, marine holoplanktons are thought to have lower diversity and slow speciation due to their strong dispersal potential. this paper reviewed studies on cryptic species and speciation in marine holoplankton. based on findings in 38 studied taxa, it was concluded that : 1 ) cryptic species are pervasive in marine holoplankton, suggesting holoplankton speciation was more active than previously thought ; 2 ) current morphospecies diversity is untenable to reflect true species diversity in marine holoplankton ; 3 ) geographic isolation may facilitate cryptic speciation of marine holoplankton. however, contribution of allopatric speciation is still questionable ; 4 ) ecological speciation may be the prevailing speciation mode in marine holoplankton. cryptic speciation in marine holoplankton is paradoxical, because rapid speciation under strong gene flow is countertuitive. solution of this paradox will help us gain deep insights of marine speciation and biodivesity

    隱種廣泛存在於各類海洋生物中,尤其是底棲無脊椎動物.然而,海洋終生浮游生物由於具有強的擴散能力,往往被視為生物多樣性低、物種形慢.文就海洋終生浮游生物隱種與物種形作一綜述.基於的38個種類,結果表明: 1 )海洋終生浮游生物普遍存在隱種,其物種形想象得快; 2 )由於引種的廣泛存在,形態種生物多樣性無法反映海洋終生浮游生物真正的物種多樣性; 3 )地理隔離有助於海洋終生浮游生物隱種的形,但異域物種形的作用仍值得商榷; 4 )生態物種形很可能是海洋終生浮游生物物種形的主流模式.海洋終生浮游生物強基因流下快速的物種形有悖于生物進化常理,解決該悖論將有助於我們對海洋物種形和生物多樣性的理解
  2. In this thesis, the development of emulsion polymerization theory and related new technologies are comprehensively reviewed, and the synthetic technologies of acrylate latex modified by organosilicon both at home and abroad are also reviewed. based on the current development and research in this field, attentions of this study are focused on three ways for preparing novel acrylate latexes modified by organosilicons, that is, 1 ) the acrylate monomers are copolymerized with unsaturated silicons by emulsion copolymerization ; 2 ) a new latex with microphase separation morphology is synthesized, which shows a core - shell structure character ; 3 ) soap - free polymerization is explored for preparing a higher - performance latex using an unsaturated silicon monomer, different acrylates and a reactive emulsifier. by using techniques of delaying addition of organosilicon monomer and a hydrolysis inhibitor, the hydrolysis and condensation of 3 - ( trimethoxysilyl ) propyl methacrylate during polymerization can be effectively prevented, as a result, organosilicon content in the macromolecular chain is increased

    同時採用有機硅單體延遲滴加及添加水解抑制劑等技術,有效防止了-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷在乳液聚合過程中的過渡水解及縮合反應,提高了聚合物大分子鏈中有機硅鏈節的含量;利用紅外光譜與差示掃描量熱儀對產物分子結構進行了表徵,並通過對共聚產物力學和吸水率的測試,證實了所制備的有機硅改性丙烯酸酯共聚物具有純丙烯酸酯聚合物更優良的力學及耐水性能;從分子設計角度出發,利用醇解反應合出水解、縮合反應速率慢的兩種新型不飽和有機硅單體: ?甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷和?甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三異丙氧基硅烷;利用核磁共振對新型硅烷單體結構進行了證實;表明利用新型硅烷單體可以制備出高硅烷含量的有機硅改性丙烯酸酯乳液,且其聚合產物具有高的力學及耐水性能。
  3. Since twentieth century scholars all of the world have studied on the indoor thermal environment, this paper first summarizes in detail on thermal environment and thermal comfort, air - conditioning mode and energy conservation, thermal environment judge, simulation and emulation, environment physiology, preventive medicine, hygienics and epidemiology, garment etc of native and foreign countries ’ research status in quo. it introduces the mature achievement of human and environment heat transfer model, thermal environment evaluating indicators and comfort influence factors, standards of thermal comfort of the indoor environment, and some of which are researched in defence such as the thermal environment of aviation module or warship cabin of the psychologic and physiological influence on soldiers. so this paper still discusses human psychologic and physiological mechanics in thermal environment

    自20世紀以來,各國的學者紛紛對室內熱環境進行了文首先為詳細地綜述了國內外熱環境與熱舒適,空調方式和節能,評判、模擬與模擬,環境生理學、預防醫學、衛生學、流行病學,服裝學等方面的現狀,介紹了人體與環境傳熱模型、熱環境評價指標、影響熱舒適的因素、室內環境熱舒適的標準等方面熟的果,中不乏有用於國防的特定熱環境(如航空艙、軍艦艙)對士兵生理和心理方面的影響,因此文還闡述了有關在熱環境下人體生理和心理反應的機理。
  4. The start reading framae and stop codons, base composition in protein - coding genes and the codon usage of amino acids in scolopendra multilane were compared with the three other myriapods

    在蛋白質編碼基因起始閱讀框和終止密碼子、蛋白質編碼區的堿基組中文摘要、氨基酸及密碼子的利用等方面把少棘蜈蚣與另三種多足類進行了
  5. Being deficient in sonic fatigue testing and owing to the limitations of nomograph method application to the sonic fatigue life prediction, an analysis software program was designed and worked out in present thesis, based on the research achievement in prediction of sonic fatigue life, which strong function, easy use and great extensive capabilities

    文針對現階段聲疲勞試驗的不足,以及工程中常用的諾謨圖方法的局限,整理了目前熟的典型蒙皮壁板聲疲勞壽命果,提出設計並編制了一套功能強、易於使用,可擴展性好的聲疲勞壽命預測及分析平臺。
  6. Now, because the means of data administration is very poor and some other reasons, the market data approach is scarcely used by land valuator. in this paper, the author analyzes the application actuality and difficulties of the market data approach, and try to overcome these difficulties. then the author accomplishes applied geographical information system for the market data approach based on urban land grading and evaluation system, taking nantong city as example, and has got anticipative purpose

    在分析市場法應用狀況、應用難點的基礎上,提出了市場法應用過程中難點問題的解決方法,從技術角度上闡述了基於城鎮土地定級估價信息系統之上的市場法評估信息系統的建立,尤其是以南通市為例完了該市市場法信息系統和各項基礎數據庫的建設,取得了預期的果。
  7. The research consist of four parts. the first part is multiplication, purification and electron microscope examination of the avian encephalomyelitis virus. a 1 : 5 dilution of isolate - nh937 of aev and control group of pbs were inoculated to susceptible 6 - day - old chickens embryos. respectively. after incubation for 10 days, the urinay vesicle liquid was collected. making a comparison the size of the chickens embryos between the test group and the control group, the results showed that the size of the control group is bigger than that of the test group. purified virions were examined under the electron microscope, the result revealed that there are a lot of virions and the aev - nh937 was multiplicated in embryos. the second part was seguence analysis of the genome of the aev - nh937. nine pairs of primers were designed according to published calnek vaccine strain of aev

    共分四個部分:第一部分為aev的增殖,純化和電鏡觀察,用1 : 5倍稀釋的aev - nh937株和陰性對照pbs分別經卵黃囊接種於6dspf雞胚,繼續孵化10d后,收集尿囊液。接種組和健康對照組雞胚的大小,結果顯示,健康對照組雞胚明顯大於接種組。分離、提純aev ,把純化的病毒在電鏡下觀察,證明確有大量aev病毒粒子存在,說明aev在雞胚中功擴增;第二部分是aev - nh937基因組的序列測定工作。
  8. In attempt to directly compare the sound response characters of the same bf neurons or different bf neurons and their interactive relation, the double recording microelectrodes were penetrated into two different neurons in iso - frequnency laminas or hetero - frequency laminas. taking advantage of frequency tonotopical arrangement in 1c of bats, it was explored how the neurons integrated different parallel processes of the same sound information. in the case of which, we hoped to explore the relation between the sound response characters of the central auditory neurons and neural modulation in background noise for the further understanding of the mechanism in the central auditory neurons extracting sound signals

    以大棕蝠( bigbrownbat , eptesicusfuscus )為模型,利用ic聲調組構排列同頻層這一結構特點,突破單電極記錄和檢測神經元的方法,同時推進兩單電極至一個同頻層或兩個同頻層的兩個不同神經元,試圖從細胞水平直接兩個具有相同和不同最佳頻率的神經元聲信號的加工處理特徵、以及它們之間的相互關系,以期窺探它們在對同一聲信號處理過程中的整合奧秘,並以此為基礎分析和探討背景噪聲條件下中樞神經元聲反應特徵與神經調制的關系,以期進一步了解中樞聽神經元聲信號提取的機制。
  9. Based on the known result, the cdna of papain was tried to cloned from total rna of papaya in this study. though the primers were designed according to the cdna of papain, the cdna of ppiv was attained, which was homologous to that of papin. when compared with the papain gene in embl database, the cdna of ppiv reachs 98. 7 % in homology

    木瓜青果乳汁中含有豐富的半胱氨酸類蛋白酶,據已知的結果,嘗試從未熟的木瓜果的總rna中克隆木瓜蛋白酶基因,雖然在rt - pcr時使用引物的是根據木瓜蛋白酶的cdna序列而設計的,但卻得到了與之有67同源性的番木瓜蛋白酶的cdna序列,對其分析表明,該序列與embldatabase中x78056同一段基因序列相同源性達98 . 7 。
  10. It is a little difficult tovcomplete the research and three years have been spent on it finally, there are three important conclusions : the three - dimensional feature structure ( team learning, team member roles, team empowerment ) of learning team is the influence on team effectiveness ; the team learning, team member roles and team empowerment can be designed to improve the organizational performance in the management of chinese enterprises ; the main kind of chinese enterprises now is the ameliorating team and it is in the middle of the continuity of learning team

    的難度和工作量大,歷經三年努力而的重要結論包括:學習型團隊三維特徵結構(團隊學習、團隊角色、團隊授權)是影響團隊效能的重要因素;在實際工作中,團隊學習、團隊角色和團隊授權三因素水平可以提高組織效能;我國企業中現有的團隊以「學習改善型」為主,處于團隊連續體的兩極之間。
  11. Based on plentiful documents and reference data, the research carries out a systemic study and case analyses on the moso ' s rite of puberty with depth interviews, field notes and comparative discussions

    在豐富的文獻資料基礎上,運用深度訪談、實地觀察和分析等方法,對摩梭人的年禮儀式進行了系統的探討和個案分析。
  12. In this paper, phylogenetic relationship of 13 species involved in 6 genera of cruciferae wer e carried out through both the clones of homologous sequences with the primers designed on the basis of conserved regions of cyp86mf gene in cytochrome p450 gene superfamily and the differential analyses of them. meanwhile, complete sequences of some genes in cytochrome p450 gene superfamily were isolated and identified by smart pcr - race strategy, and expressed in e. colt. the results were as follows : ( 1 ) isolated by pcr from 11 species of cruciferae, eleven homologous gene segments that deduced amino acids were identities of over 80 % at nucleotide sequence level and similarities of over 70 % at amino acid sequence level

    論文以已知的細胞色素p450基因超家族員cyp86mf基因的保守區設計引物對十字花科重要蔬菜作物的6個屬13個物種進行了同源序列的分離克隆,通過核酸序列的差異分析,了該基因在不同物種中的進化關系;同時,通過保守引物的pcr擴增和race相結合的方法對十字花科植物不同物種的細胞色素p450基因家族員基因全長進行了分離克隆、鑒定和原核表達的,獲得如下結果: ( 1 )通過pcr從十字花科植物不同物種中擴增到11個可以推導出完整氨基酸序列的同源片段。
  13. The study reaches a conclusion that : ( 1 ) among all the factors that influence the administrative competence of female cadres, the following factors are respectively strong : governing, planning, and communication ; while other factors like job adaptation and self - control, role cognition and direction in emergency are relatively weak ; ( 2 ) the administrative competence and the factors that influence the competence differ distinctively with the gender

    的結論是: ( 1 )女幹部行政領導能力的構因素中,授權指揮能力、計劃工作能力、溝通上下的關系能力、溝通部門的關系能力等四個方面的能力強;職業適應能力、自我能力一般;角色認知能力、應急監控能力相對弱。 ( 2 )幹部的行政領導能力及其影響因素在性別上存在明顯的差異。
  14. Five criteria are used to assess wisdom - related knowledge : ( a ) rich factual knowledge about the fundamental pragmatics of life ; ( b ) rich procedural knowledge about dealing with the fundamental life matters ; ( c ) life - span contextualism : understanding of life contexts and their developmental relations ; ( d ) value - relativism : knowledge about the differences in values and life goals ; and ( e ) uncertainty : knowledge about the relative uncertainty of life and its management

    採用柏林智慧範式的理論與程序,對我國年人的生活規劃能力進行評價。的主要目的在於:探討柏林智慧範式在中國文化下的適用程度;不同年齡階段的年人智慧行為(實際生活規劃能力)的差異;並且就相關的結論作出跨文化
  15. The objective of the present paper was to investigate the genome constitution of three species of hystrix and their taxonomic status from cytological and molecular data. by rapd and issr assay, the present study was to evaluate phylogenetic relationships among hystrix, leymus and psathyrostachys, and to compare the use of two molecular markers in the genus and species of triticeae

    ( 1 )通過形態學特徵、細胞學和繁育學資料,探討三個hystrix物種的染色體組組及親緣關系; ( 2 )通過rapd分析和issr分析,探討hystrix與leymus 、新麥草屬psathyrostachys的屬間親緣關系; ( 3 )rapd和issr兩種dna分子標記在hystrix及近緣屬系統分類中的應用。
  16. The patent application acceptance and awarding of university was studied in this paper, including patent, utility model and industrial design between 1986 and 2001, and the comparative studies with other trades have been carried out ; investigations were done on the relationship between university patent applications, the number of researchers and inventors, application of r & d advances, number of technical service personnel, investment of scientific research funds, patent transfer, number of research and development projects, and number of scientific and technological achievement awards in universities ; 547 staff members of the central south university completed the questionnaire ( 32 questions ) regarding the intellectual property right, knowledge of patents, awareness of patent protection and patent - related behaviors, those people were distributed in the departments of teaching, research, administration and management, and teaching support ; one - way anova, multivariate analysis of variance manova and linear correlation methods were used in the analysis of research - related factors concerning central south university staff members and their understanding of intellectual property right, knowledge of patent, awareness of patent protection and patent - related behaviors, the major factors affecting university patent application, awarding and transfer were identified ; countermeasures to promote university patent development in china were also proposed

    旨在通過對1986年? 2001年我國高校發明專利、實用新型、外觀設計的申請受理與授權情況的分析,並且與其他行業的;通過我國高校專利申請與高校發人員數、 r & d果應用及科技服務人員數、科經費投入、高校專利轉讓、與發展課題數、科技果獲獎數的關系;通過對中南大學547名教學、科、黨政管理、教輔人員的產權知識、專利知識、專利意識、專利行為的問卷調查(共32題) ,並用單因素分析法、多元逐步回歸分析法和線性相關分析法,對中南大學在職人員各因素與產權知識、專利知識、專利意識、專利行為的統計分析,尋找出制約我國高校專利申請、授權、果轉讓的因素,提出加速發展我國高校專利工作步伐的對策。
  17. First, the theory circles in our country are sluggish in researching the management control, the contents of which are scrappy, which tend to the research in the tools of the single management control, such as the budget management, standard cost and so on

    我國經濟理論界對于管理控制領域的滯后,內容零散,偏重內容提要于單項管理控制工具的,如預算管理、標準等等,尚未建立管理控制理論的框架體系。
  18. Too many experiments show that as for the most part of the digitized visible human data, the first way which is based on the texture of the images is more flawless, and the other way based on color information is easer and more efficiency

    文中也做了為詳細的介紹。對于灰度圖像的分割,已經有相當多的果和結論,而對彩色圖像的分割,由於復雜,的卻少。
  19. Its success bases on comparative cost advantage. under the pressure of industrial upgrade, dongguan it industrial cluster should transform into complementary knowledge - based industrial cluster. through analyzing its advantages and disadvantages, some measures are presented to promote the transformation of dongguan it industrial cluster

    作為知識互補型產業群聚的一個應用,文章以依靠外力推動、基於優勢而形的東莞it產業群聚為對象,分析了其面對產業升級的壓力,知識互補型產業群聚轉化所具備的優勢和存在的不足,並提出了向知識互補型產業群聚轉化需要改進和增強的地方。
  20. This paper results from pondering of and study on these problems. by the retrospect of the growth of entrepreneurs, home and abroad, and through the comprehensive utilization of methods such as institutional, comparative, historical, logical, systematical and economic sociology analysis, the author deals with the growth issues of the private entrepreneurs during the institutional change and social transformation period hi china

    論文把私營企業家放在中國社會轉型與制度變遷的背景下,在對國內外企業家理論回顧的基礎上,綜合運用制度分析方法、經濟社會學分析方法、分析法、歷史與邏輯相統一的法和系統法等方法,了中國私營企業家的長問題。
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