法向總應力 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fǎxiàngzǒngyīnglì]
法向總應力 英文
total normal stress
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 總 : Ⅰ動詞（總括; 匯集） assemble; gather; put together; sum up Ⅱ形容詞1 （全部的; 全面的） general; o...
  • 應 : 應動詞1 （回答） answer; respond to; echo 2 （滿足要求） comply with; grant 3 （順應; 適應） suit...
  • 力 : Ⅰ名1 （力量; 能力） power; strength; ability; capacity 2 [物理學] （改變物體運動狀態的作用） forc...
  1. Following are the main functions and effects of regional legislation : 1 the function of subdivision, i. e. regional legislation helps subdivide the fundamental regulations of the constitution and the laws ; 2 the function of complementarity, i. e. regional legislation is complemental to national legislation ; 3 the function of innovation, i. e. regional legislation can be regarded as experimentation to set up new social rules ; 4 the function of particular adjustment, i. e. regional legislation needs to flexibly adjust to special relationships of the local society ; 5 the function of power - control, i. e. regional legislation should provide legal guarantee and restriction for the regular running of the national departments

    本文從學理上分析、總結地方立法的功能、作用有：一是細化作用，即地方立法有利於細化憲法和法律的原則性規定；二是補充作用，即地方立法體現著對國家立法的補充作用z三是創新作用，即地方立法可作為創立新的社會規則的「實驗田」 ；四是特殊調節作用，即地方立法需要對本地區的特殊社會關系進行靈活的法律調整；五是權力控製作用，即地方立法要為現代國家機關的正常運作提供法制保障和約束。地方立法應當遵循的原則，決定著地方立法的發展方向以及地方立法作用的有效發揮。
  2. On this foundation the article inducts in detail the method which is based on the relative settlement of calculating unit area end support ( qb ) force at the same time considering the feature of pedestal pile ' s " arch effect " the article introduces conception of pile effective length and finally obtain t he formula of calculating man - made pipe with bulb - shaped axial carrying capacity. the article uses marc program to calculate and analyze foundation soil ' s stress and displacement and gets the change curve chart and the proportion that is shared by king - pipe side soil friction resistance and pipe end counterforce respectively. the article inducts the structure of pedestal in detail on the basis of generalizing pedestal application cases of many countries

    在此基礎上論文詳細歸納了以相對沉降為依據確定單位面積端承力q _ b的計算方法，並考慮擴底樁的「拱效應」特點引入了有效樁長的概念，最後結合公路規范推出了比較實用的人工挖孔擴底樁軸向承載力計算公式。論文運用了marc程序對地基土的應力和位移進行了有限元數值計算分析，得到了地基土的應力和位移場的變化曲線和在加載過程中樁側土摩阻力和樁端反力各自所承擔的比例；本文還在總結各國挖孔擴底樁應用情況的基礎上就擴底樁的構造進行了詳細的歸納。
  3. In this thesis hydraulic experimental studies and theoretical analyses on the vortex - flow drop shaft were conduced and the following results were accomplished : ( 1 ) in the model test some hydraulic characteristics including the shape of air core in the center of the drop shaft, the radial distribution of water flow velocity and the distribution of pressure on the wall of the drop shaft were measured under the condition of high water head above 250m and large discharge above 1400m3 / s. ( 2 ) a kind of computational method for the spiral water flow in the air core region of drop shaft was discussed and applied and the results agree the experimental data well. ( 3 ) the total ratio of energy dissipation in the drop shaft can reach 90 % and the energy dissipation in every region was discussed quantitatively

    本文通過試驗研究與理論分析對旋流式豎井泄洪洞應用於高水頭、大泄流量情況時存在的一些水力學問題進行了研究和探討，取得以下主要成果：一、結合小灣工程導流洞改建，對高水頭（ 252m ） 、大泄流量（ 1400m ~ 3 s ）條件下旋流式豎井中的水流運動特徵進行了比較全面的測量，包括空腔形態、徑向流速分佈及井壁壓強等；二、提出了豎井空腔段螺旋水流水力計算方法，其計算結果與實測值吻合良好；三、利用試驗與計算結果，對旋流式豎井的消能機理進行了探討，對豎井各部分的消能能力有了總體認識；四、對豎井下部消力井的合理井深進行了優化試驗研究，發現消力井合理深度為0 . 9d左右；五、通過試驗研究，歸納出豎井水流總摻氣量估算方法，為導流洞排氣方案的設計提供了參考依據；六、在高水頭、大流量條件下，豎井空腔段下部流速很高，盡管水流螺旋運動引起的離心力可以確保井壁壓強保持正壓，但空化數依然較低，因此豎井的空化空蝕始終是工程界關注的重大問題。
  4. At first, some advances in the research of dynamic response of cylindrical shells and conical shells are reviewed, and those approaches for studying such kind of problems are summarized here as well. the main objects studied in this paper are the transient response of cylindrical shells under longitudinal line - loading and that of conical shells under cosinoidal impulsive loading

    首先回顧總結了圓柱殼和圓錐殼動力響應的研究進展情況，並簡單歸納了該類問題研究的方法，確定了本文的研究對象主要是縱向線載荷作用下的圓柱殼瞬態響應和餘弦沖擊載荷作用下的圓錐殼瞬態響應。
  5. The precision of its calculating results has an direct effect on the design, construction and safe usage. in the typical calculation of the settlement of foundation, additional stress incurring by loading is calculated according to elastic theory which has the same characteristics in semi - indefinated space, the condesion of soil is decided by the condesion experiment of one - demension and the settlement is calculated by adding results of respective layer

    地基沉降計算一直是困擾巖土工程技術人員的一個難題，其準確與否將直接影響建築物的設計、施工和安全使用。在經典的地基沉降計算方法中，荷載作用下地基中附加應力場是根據半無限空間各向同性彈性體理論計算的，土體壓縮性是根據一維壓縮試驗確定的，並採用分層總和法來計算地基的沉降量。
  6. When analyzing skew support continuous curved box girder bridge, curved grid girder analyzing method considering warping effect is applied. matrix displacement method is applied in analyzing skew support continuous curved thin - walled box girder bridge with restrained bearing. in order to convert original rigidity equations to structural rigidi ty equations that can be solved, bearing nodal displacement matrix can be introduced, then unknown quantities at the edge of beams can be consistent with the restrained directions of skew bearings, unit rigidity matrix and unit nodal forces can be gained. structural rigidity matrix can be composed according to matrix displacement method, so nodal displacements and inner forces on the end of the rod that are unknown can be gained calculating equations of inner forces on any cross - section can be solved

    分析斜支承連續曲線箱梁橋時，採用考慮翹曲作用的曲線格子梁分析方法，應用矩陣位移法對具有約束支承形式的斜支承連續曲線薄壁箱梁橋進行分析，考慮到支座的約束條件並不與梁端彎曲角位移和扭轉角位移的方向一致，引入支座節點坐標矩陣，使得梁端的位移未知量與斜支座約束方向一致，來計算單元剛度矩陣和單元節點力，然後按照矩陣位移法組集總剛並建立結構剛度方程，根據結構剛度方程即可求解未知的節點位移及桿端力，推導出任意截面處的內力計算公式。
  7. The contents include : based on the previous research and the data of experimentations, the author researches and develops a kind of satisfactory semi - empirical formula of nonlinear temperature distribution, and calculates the temperature stress of rigid - framed arch bridge by the fem. the temperature effects of bridge structure by annual and sunlight temperature difference are discussed, it indicates that the temperature effect of annual temperature difference is small but the temperature effect of sunlight temperature difference is great and the temperature stress along beam depth resulted from sunlight temperature difference is nonlinear. with the comparison between the temperature effects of different position of bridge, the results show that where the section of bridge is small, the temperature stress of it is large

    本文主要包括以下內容：從理論上研究並結合實測資料發展了一種比較理想的半經驗溫度場非線性分佈公式，並將有限元方法應用於剛架拱橋結構溫度應力的計算中，對橋梁結構進行整體溫度應力分析；討論了年溫差和日照溫差引起的橋梁結構的溫度效應，表明年溫差引起的溫度效應較小，而日照溫差引起的溫度應力較大且沿梁高呈非線性分佈；分析比較了橋梁結構各個部位的溫度效應的大小，可知截面越小溫度拉應力越大，受力越不利；並對箱梁結構由於構造不同引起的縱向與橫向的溫度效應大小進行了探討，發現在頂板下緣也會出現相當大的溫度拉應力，並且梗腋的存在反而增加了頂板底部的溫度拉應力；還對幾種相近的剛構式橋型的溫度效應進行了分析對比，總結了這些橋型針對溫度效應的優劣，並提出相應的針對性措施。
  8. Through the physical model experiment, the wave forces over submerged dyke and transmission coefficient are analyzed under the action of regular wave. in the test of wave forces, the rectangle - type submerged dyke is used as research object, and when analyzing the total wave forces, the effect of water depth before the dyke and that of the wave parameters is considered. based on the test, through the methods of multi - element linear regression, experimental formulae are given to calculate maximum total wave forces in horizontal direction, its relative vertical wave forces and maximum wave forces before and after the dyke, which are compared with the present formulae

    在潛堤波力的研究中，選取矩型潛堤作為研究對象，在分析各個影響因素對潛堤波力影響的基礎上，選取兩個最主要的影響因素，即相對波高和相對水深作為研究重點，在物理模型試驗結果的基礎上，定性地研究分析了潛堤所受的總波力隨相對波高和相對水深的變化規律，並在此基礎上，利用多元線性回歸的方法，分別給出了在本文試驗條件下計算潛堤最大水平總波力及其相對應的垂向總波力的經驗公式以及計算堤前堤后最大總波力的經驗公式，並與已存在的計算公式進行了對比。
  9. The main body of the dissertation is from the second section ( the first chapter ) to the fifth section ( the fourth chapter ), which firstly discusses the evolvement of american economic recovery policy toward japan and argues that the economic recovery policy toward japan was the inevitable result which the united states pursued her global containment strategies, with the changes of the international situation and the economic conditions in japan, the u. s. regarded japan " s accession to gatt gradually as the most important objective of the economic recovery policy toward japan ; secondly explains in detail that the u. s. fought up against the old guard in congress persistently in order to win the authorization from reciprocal trade agreements act ( rtaa ) so as to conduct the crucial tariff negotiations with japan, and emphasizes mainly that the executive had to seek for the balance between the national interest and oversea interest because of the strong forces of the domestic protectionism group, but made efforts to make foreign economic policy which is favourable to the latter because of the need of the cold war strategies ; thirdly analyzes the basic contents of u. s. - japanese tariff negotiations briefly and summarizes the results of the negotiations, and considers that under a large number of concession which the u. s. made in the negotiations, the japanese could change american political and strategical interest into the japanese trade interest and became the main winner ; fourthly researches mainly british diplomatic policy towards japan " s accession to gatt and american reaction to the policy and influence on it, and american roles in

    第二部分（第一章）至第五部分（第四章）是論文的主體部分，首先論述美國對日經濟復興政策的演變歷程，提出美國對日本的經濟復興政策是美國推行全球冷戰戰略的必然結果，隨著國際形勢和日本經濟狀況的變化，美國逐漸將推動日本入關視為對日經濟復興政策的最重要目標；其次詳細闡述為了獲得《互惠貿易協定法》的授權，以便與日本進行重要的關稅談判，美國政府和國會保守派持續不斷地作斗爭，重點強調，鑒于國內貿易保護主義勢力的強大，行政部門不得不尋求國內利益和海外利益的平衡，但同時出於冷戰戰略的考慮，又盡量使對外經濟政策向後者傾斜；第三，扼要分析美日關稅談判的基本內容，並總結關稅談判的結果，認為美國政府在談判中對日本政府所做的大幅度讓步，使得日本人能夠將美國的政治、戰略利益轉化為日本的商貿利益，從而成為談判的最大贏家；第四，重點研究英國對日本入關的外交政策和美國對該政策的反應、施加的影響，在國際斗爭中美國為日本入關而發揮的作用以及日本人自己做出的努力，指出雖然在美國施加的強大壓力下，英國政府最終同意日本成為關貿總協定的成員國，但是它依然以國家利益為重，對日本援引關貿總協定第35條，不給予其商品最惠國待遇。 」
  10. The discussion of cultural construction mode in baibuting community is developed as following : the first part presents author ' s motivation in carrying out the research, defining some concepts and introducing a few common modes of cultural construction in urban communities. the second part is a detailed description of fundamental ideas and content, advocating the notion of " human oriented, moral centered, law abiding, trying to creating a modern community with the capacity of sustainable development ", introducing its unique homestead culture. the third part sets forth the innovation of community culture construction modes in baibuting community : in order to create a, human - oriented community culture, establish a peaceful and content environment for the socialism ideology, the baibuting community made innovation on community management system ; by the analysis of the occupational statistics and object groups, the author found out that most of residents come from the middle class ; then, the author gives the definition of middle class and its general features in a sociological perspective ; finally, the thesis analyses the characteristics of the community residents " pursuit of culture and the harmonious development of community culture in aspects like value system, consumption habits, cultural needs

    本文通過理論學習，對百步亭花園社區文化建設的模式進行了探索研究，在現狀調查過程中，筆者發現百步亭的社區文化建設之所以成功，除了開發商和物業管理中心的組織建設外，還有小區居民的積極參與合作，三者密不可分，而這又與居民所屬的階層文化訴求密切相關，於是，本文就百步亭社區文化建設模式作了論述，思路如下：文章的第一部分：提出本文研究的緣起，並對一些與本文有關的概念作了界定，還介紹了幾種城市社區文化建設的一般模式；文章的第二部分：介紹百步亭花園社區文化建設模式的基本思想和內容，提出了「以人為本、以德為魂、以法為行，努力創造可持續發展的現代文明社區」的口號，並介紹了其獨具特色的家園文化；文章的第三部分：對百步亭社區文化建設模式的創新作了論述：百步亭社區為了營造以人為本的社區文化，構建社區安居樂業工程，為社會主義思想道德體系提供良好的社會文化環境，在社區管理體制上作了創新；還通過對百步亭社區居民的職業統計，來源群體，分析出其從屬的社會階層主要是社會的中間階層；再次，從社會學角度，定義了中間階層及一般特徵；最後從價值觀、認同感，消費觀念、文化需求等方面，分析了其文化訴求的特徵和與社區文化的協調發展；文章的第四部分：從整合功能和導向功能兩方面總結了百步亭社區文化建設的社會效應；並對百步亭社區文化建設模式的不足提出了意見和建議。
  11. But till now, jinggang chem has not caught on a systematic strategic study and planning. to better develop in the coming years, based on the deeply investigation of jinggang chem and the industry of china, the paper gives impersonal and detailed analysis, study and demonstration to get the development strategy as the general strategy, mix cost leadership as the competition strategy and the objective of to become the industry leading player as the medium term development direction. and it suggests adopting the strategy of specialization with trade and production, s traight integration and internationalization

    為了下一步更好的發展，本文在深入調查中國脂油行業和京港化學本企業的基礎上，通過對戰略管理系統理論和方法的選擇性應用，對所處的外部環境和所擁有的內部資源和能力進行了客觀、詳細的分析、研究和論證，得出了適合企業當前的總體戰略即發展的戰略；競爭戰略即成本領先的混合戰略； 5年中期發展目標是發展成為中國脂油化學行業的領導者；提出實施工貿結合的專業化、縱向一體化和國際化的戰略設想。
  12. According to the documentation collected from domestic and abroad wang wei dong who works in huadong architect and structure institute utilizes the similar work property between the underground continuous wall and pile subjected the vertical loads, and introduces poulos method of elasticity and plastic which applies to pile foundation into the calculation for subsidence of underground continuous wall. pujialiu and yu yuzhou from water and electronic engineering of qinghua university, according to the result of three axes, define the concrete parameter utilize the model of non - linear e - b combined with the design cross section of dam in xiaolangdi, yellow river accept the total stress programme of thepd dam, and we analyze the stress and displacement of plastic concrete diaphragm wall by finite element method in comparison with the result of common concrete one. at same time, we consider the effect of the character of plastic concrete diaphragm wall which is composed of different gradients and adopting the level of stress and pulling stress infers whether the plastic concrete diaphragm wall is safe or not

    地下連續墻是一種歷史較短的施工方法，目前，砼防滲墻的設計還是以傳統的設計方法為主，根據查找國內外文獻資料，華東建築設計院王衛東利用地下連續墻與樁在豎向荷載作用下的工作性能有相似性，將適用於樁基的poulos彈性理論引入對地下連續墻的沉降計算中；清華大學水利水電工程系濮家騮、于玉貞根據三軸試驗結果確定混凝土的參數，利用非線性e - b模型，結合黃河小浪底土石壩設計剖面，採用thepd土石壩總應力程序，對深覆蓋層塑性混凝土防滲墻的應力、位移進行有限元分析，並與普通混凝土防滲墻計算結果加以對比，同時分析了不同配比塑性混凝土特性的影響，並採用應力水平和拉應力數值來判斷塑性混凝土防滲墻的安全程度。
  13. ( 三 ) under the dynamic load of the explosion, the numeric analysis has been done and achieve the rule as follow : ( 1 ) when the frequency of vibration is 0. 3hz, the acceleration of the slopes top gets the maximum ; so 0. 3hz is believed the natural frequency of the slope as a whole ; ( 2 ) the vibration of explosion can been magnified because of the condition of the landform, when the relative altitude is up to 45m, the acceleration of horizon gets the maximum ; when the relative altitude is up to 100m, the absolute value of acceleration and the deformation of horizon is larger than that in the bottom of the slope ; ( 3 ) in the period of forced vibration, at the top of the slope, the acceleration of horizon become larger and larger ; at the middle part of the slope, it becomes smaller ; ( 4 ) when the explosion velocity of is much little, the shallow part destruction is the primary deformation of the slope

    （三）採用模態疊加法針對爆破動力作用，進行邊坡的動力響應分析，得出了以下結論： （ 1 ）振動頻率為0 . 3hz時，坡面頂部水平向加速度峰值最大；綜合考慮，可認為該邊坡的自振頻率為0 . 3hz左右； （ 2 ）地形對爆破地振動存在放大作用，研究剖面的坡面，水平向加速度及位移在地形相對高差45米左右最大，而後隨相對高差的增高而減小，相對高差為100米時，水平向位移及加速度絕對值均大於坡腳； （ 3 ）強迫振動段，水平向加速度值隨時間變化的規律為：坡頂節點總的變化趨勢是越來越大，而坡體中部節點的變化趨勢是越來越小； （ 4 ）當爆破振速較小時，變形破壞的形式表現為坡頂表面滑塌型。
  14. How to absorb the advanced human resource management theories and methods both from home and abroad in order to meet the needs of the economic markets, to realize a healthy, stable and efficient development during the fierce competition process in shengli petrochemical works is put forward in this article, after analyzing the current situation and problems, through setting up modern enterprise principles, fixing the " based on people " management conception, we realize the transferring process from traditional people management to modern human resource one, then reach the aims of " people make full use

    勝利油田石化總廠如何通過吸收國內外先進的人力資源管理理念與方法，保證企業適應市場經濟的需要，在日益殘酷的競爭中實現健康、平穩、高效發展。本文將對勝利石化總廠面臨的現狀和存在的問題，探索從現代先進的人力資源管理的角度，通過建立全員績效量化考核體系，建設一支素質過硬、蓬勃向上、競爭力強的員工隊伍，推動企業在市場經濟的大潮中永立不敗之地。
  15. According to the analyses of the research results about the feasibility of 4 - d seismic and the successful 4 - d seismic cases of foreign companies, the author put forward the suggestions for 4 - d seismic pilot area selection ; briefly analyzed the influential function of producing way on the seismic response ; utilized theory calculation, coring data analyses, and reservoir numerical simulation to define the fluid substitution effects on the p - wave velocity. through long time water driven to the reservoir, some of the properties and the log curves have changed, the author tried to find the variation rule of the reservoir and its effects on seismic velocity. the " blind point " in 4 - d seismic feasibility study both in china and overseas was found, that is the lack of consideration of the influence of physical property variation by long time water driven on the seismic response

    在深入分析國外四維地震可行性研究成果和成功實例的基礎上，提出了有利於水驅四維地震成功的工區優選條件；簡要剖析了各種開采方式及其對地震特性的影響；利用理論計算、巖心分析、油藏數值模擬三種方法確定了流體替代對縱波速度的影響；通過對長期水驅造成的物性參數、測井曲線以及油藏溫度和壓力變化規律的總結，分析了這些變化對地震速度的影響，指出了目前國內外水驅四維地震可行性研究中存在的盲區?沒有充分考慮長期注水造成的物性、溫度和壓力變化對地震響應的影響，完善了水驅四維地震可行性研究的內容；在考慮了這些變化因素后，高29斷塊水驅四維地震可行性研究結果表明：四維地震監測注水前沿可能要比監測油藏變化容易的多；以四維地震巖石物理可行性研究結果為基礎，提出了五個有助於突出四維地震造成的微小差異的途徑，為今後水驅四維地震研究指明了方向。
  16. So, how to enhance the power of competition of chinese industry and companies is being the issue which the academia had to consider. while the modularity, being an effective method to resolve complicated system or product, has been used in the design 、 exploitation and the production of computer since 60s, 20 century, and has been applied the realm the industry of auto, architecture etc. this method is changing company ’ s notion, promoting resource been distributed and utilize reasonable, enhancing the power of competition of industry, and promoting the corporation between enterprises. in a word, as the developmental direction of industrial organization in 21 century, modularity is changing the structure of industry and enterprise, and will take us into a modularity age

    而模塊化作為一種解決復雜問題的有效辦法，從20世紀60年代在計算機電腦產業的產品設計、開發和生產中得到應用開始，已經被越來越多地應用到汽車、建築、網際網路通訊等諸多產業領域，它促進了社會資源的合理分配和利用，提升了產業的競爭力;推動了企業間的合作，有助於產品生產成本和交易成本的降低;加快了創新的速度，為消費者提供了更多具有個性化的產品和服務… …總之，模塊化作為21世紀產業組織發展的方向，正在改變著現存企業的經營理念，改變著產業的結構，並將我們帶入到一個模塊化的時代。
  17. Then, a step - by - step increase of vertical curvature is applied to the hull girder assuming that the plane cross section remains plane. at each incremental step, the stress of the cross section is evaluated using the average stress - strain curves of the elements as well as the incremental bending moment due to the curvature increment. performing sample calculations on existing girder models tests under pure bending, the rationality of the proposed method was examined

    假設船體橫向框架材足夠強，因而板架的整體破壞不會發生；基於梁?柱理論、理想彈塑性假設、平面假設，建立了拉伸和壓縮加筋板單元的平均應力?應變關系曲線，應用船體結構總縱極限強度的簡化逐步破壞分析方法計算船體總縱極限彎矩，並據此開發了計算程序sus 。
  18. With the help of this program, this paper does research on the moved backwards of the slide surface, lengthening the anchor section, the soil nail ' s total force, gets conclusion about relations between the soil nail ' s length and the slope ' s grade, height, soil ' s mechanical parameter ; relations between soil nail ' s total force and coulomb soil pressure. with the help of the large multiuse finite element program ansys, this paper analyzes the soil nailing in one - step ' s slopes, in two - steps " slopes, puts the emphasis on the axis force ' s distributing along the soil nail at each rows, the effect of both the excavating mode and the original slope figure to the axis force of the soil nail, the one another effect between the upper - step slope and the nether - step slope in the soil nail ' s axis force, gets conclusion about the design of soil nail at the first low, different slope body is the same with different excavating mode, the original slope figure has more effect to some than others because of the slope body, the reasonably design of the step width in two - steps slopes, the two - steps excavating and retaining has more virtue than the one - step ' s. through soil pressure analysis this paper does research on the differences and the links between the coulomb soil pressure theory and the rankin ' s, the vertical pressure at the slope surface when the slope surface is inclined and the retaining wall is rough, the soil pressure ' s distributing behind the panel, gets conclusion about the effect of both the slope body inner stability and the slope surface local stability to the soil pressure

    通過分析比較，論證了對數螺旋線型比圓弧形作為邊坡的假設滑裂面具有較多的工程優點，並為此編制了一個採用極限平衡法分析土釘支護的fortran語言程序，以此作工具對滑裂面的后移、土釘錨固段的超長、土釘總力的大小等方面作了研究，得出了有關土釘的長度與邊坡的坡角、坡高、土體力學參數的關系、土釘總力與庫侖土壓力間的關系等結論；採用大型通用有限元數值分析程序ansys分別對採用土釘支護的一階邊坡、二階邊坡進行分析，重點是研究各排土釘的軸力分佈規律、開挖方式及原始邊坡形態對土釘的軸力的影響、上下階邊坡在土釘軸力方面的相互作用，得出了有關第一排土釘的設計問題、不同類型的土體應適用於特定的開挖方式、原始開挖出的邊坡形態對一些類型坡體的邊坡土釘支護有較大的影響而對另外一些影響不大、二階邊坡臺階寬度的合理確定、二階開挖及支護比一階時具有較多的工程優點等結論；通過土壓力分析對朗肯、庫侖兩種經典土壓力理論的區別與聯系、坡面傾斜及墻背有摩擦時的坡面豎向應力分佈、面板背土壓力的分佈形態作了研究，得出了邊坡支擋土壓力受坡體內部穩定與坡面局部穩定兩個方面的影響、土釘支護面板背土體中卸荷拱的存在對面板受力有利等結論。
  19. And use relative fitting error to measure statistical data non - uniform error ; then introduce the method systematically of using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to carry on the overall superior test of the government statistical data quality. includes the establishment of step level appraisal target system, target weight determination, calculates the factor weight in various levels, uniform test of judgment matrix, and built up the final fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of the government statistical data quality according to the above - mentioned standard ; finally selects the partial main social economy total quantity target from chinese statistics yearbook 2003 to carry on the real diagnosis analysis : ( 1 ) confirm these social economy total quantity targets using the description statistics and the k - s inspection method to obey the lognormal normal distribution. ( 2 ) according to the two levels of inspection methods which this article proposed to carry on accuracy and the overall superior test for these social economy total quantity targets

    本文首先從統計數據及質量的涵義出發，全面系統的介紹了統計數據質量的概念;其次，從研究統計數據的分佈規律入手，對統計數據準確性檢驗問題進行了探討，利用對數正態分佈檢驗對反映研究對象規模大小的統計數據的質量及異常數據進行定量檢查和識別，並利用相對擬合誤差計量統計數據的非一致性誤差;接著系統介紹了利用模糊綜合評價方法對政府統計數據質量進行整體優度檢驗的思路，具體包括建立遞階層次的評價指標體系，指標權重的確定，計算各層次中因素的權重，判斷矩陣的一致性檢驗，並根據上述標準建立了最終的政府統計數據質量模糊綜合評價模型;然後通過從2003年中國統計年鑒資料中選取部分主要的社會經濟總量指標進行實證分析: （ 1 ）利用描述統計和k - s檢驗法來驗證這些社會經濟總量指標服從對數正態分佈的規律; （ 2 ）按照本文提出的二級檢驗法來對這些社會經濟總量指標進行準確性和整體優度檢驗，從而達到綜合評價政府統計數據質量的目的;最後對這種二級檢驗法的優點和不足進行小結，提出今後應該努力改進的方向。
  20. Then we also study the effect of string on the dynamical characteristic under the symmetric load and not under the symmetric load as the prestressing is the key making beam string structure the balanceatie system, having large rigidity and embodying the superiority of dynamical characteristic of this structure, this paper studies and conceives how to deteimine the number of the prestressing in each stage of construction and through comparing between the plan of onetime and repeated pulling construction choose the suitable pulling construction plan

    並且本文還研究了在對稱荷載和不對稱荷載兩種工況下，結構的受力性能隨豎向撐桿數目、結構垂跨比以及下弦索預應力等參數改變時的變化情況，總結出該結構受力方面的特徵，為實際工程設計提供依據。鑒于預應力是使張弦梁結構形成自平衡體系、具備較大剛度和體現結構性能優勢的關鍵，本文研究和探討了結構施工各階段該預應力大小的確定方法，通過一次張拉與二次張拉方案各項指標的比較，選擇適當的預應力張拉施工方案。
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