法律的統一性 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fǎlǜdetǒngyīxìng]
法律的統一性 英文
uniformity of law
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 律 : Ⅰ名1 （法律; 規則） law; rule; statute; regulation 2 （律詩的簡稱） short for lüshi 3 （姓氏） a ...
  • 的 : 4次方是 The fourth power of 2 is direction
  • 統 : Ⅰ名詞1 （事物間連續的關系） interconnected system 2 （衣服等的筒狀部分） any tube shaped part of ...
  • 性 : Ⅰ名詞1 （性格） nature; character; disposition 2 （性能; 性質） property; quality 3 （性別） sex ...
  • 法律 : law; statute法律保護 legal protection; 法律程序 legal procedure; 法律承認 de jure recognition （...
  • 統一 : 1. （聯成整體） unify; unite; integrate 2. （一致的; 整體的） unified; unitary; centralized
  1. Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law

    再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。
  2. The text first defines the concept 、 character and feature of judicial cognition, at the same time, author compares judicial cognition with facts without proof 、 self cognition 、 deduction 、 prove duty etc, then defines the function of judicial cognition. the text fingers out that the philosophy foundation of judicial cognition is a entity of fortuity and inevitability, the realistic foundation is economic legal procedure

    本文在對司法認知的概念、特徵和性質進行界定的同時，對司法認知與免證事實、自認、推定、預決事實、證明責任等相關概念進行辨析，對司法認知的功能進行準確定位，並提出了司法認知的哲學基礎是或然性和必然性的統一，而現實基礎是法律程序的經濟性。
  3. Meantime, it, in the light of concerned foreign views and the brand new reseach achievement on domestic civil fraudulent contract in recent days, accompanied by utilization of some cases in contract laws, has been paid much attention to demonstrating and analying the contents of civil offense, such as, reasons, features, classifications, key components, validity, legal duties and character. this thesis is expected to be taken advantage in the fields of stud } ', prevention and related rules on civil fraudulent conducts by exploiting contracts as well as unifiable institution of civil laws. moreover, we hope to attract more scholars and legal experts who wound like to draw their concerns to the fraudulent conducts by using contracts and eventually develop our national socialism market economy in a sound way

    本文以新《合同法》確定的誠實信用原則為切入點，圍繞合同民事欺詐，參照國外相關觀點及國內當前有關民事欺詐研究的最新成果，結合有關合同法案例，就合同民事欺詐的存在原因、特點及分類，構成要件，效力和法律責任及性質等四個專題進行了深入闡述和分析，對利用合同進行民事欺詐的研究、預防、適用法律等以及統一民法典的制定均有一定的參考作用，同時也期望以此文引起學者及法律專家對民事欺詐的關注和重視，推進我國社會主義市場經濟的健康發展。
  4. It is held that the existence of second instance procedure depend on the benefit value and efficiency value of contentious procedure. section two emphatically analysed the systematic funtion of second instance procedure. it included mainly the relief capability and relief degree

    在第二節中，著重分析了第二審程序的制度功能，主要表現在對當事人提供事實的救濟和統一適用法律的救濟，並就救濟的必要性問題以及決定救濟能力和程度的具體方式問題進行了相應的研究。
  5. ( 2 ) on the one hand because lacks the concrete working instruction which cause the state department fail to supervise judicial department ' s behavior, on the other hand the judicial department specially in local judicial department resists the state department ' s surveillance at the excuse of law independence ( 3 ) in the view of present judicial department ' s management system, organizations, the working routine and the personnel composes, our legal system also has many problems. according to the request from the party to rule a nation by law at fifteenth national congress, the judicial reform should be considered from following aspects. first, the goal judicial reform is to strengthen judicial independence fatherly ; secondly, judicial authority must by emphasized during the judicial reform ; thirdly, judicial unity must be strengthened ; fourthly, consummates the way and procedure of trial ; fifthly, establishes a specialized judicial system, diligently improves judge ' s troop quality roundly

    我國現行的司法制度是在政治上奉行「以階級斗爭為綱」 ，在經濟上實行高度集權的計劃經濟的特定歷史條件下逐步建立和發展起來的，主要存在三大弊端： （一）從司法機關與其他國家機關或組織的關繫上看，司法機關在人、財、物等方面受制於其他國家機關和組織，特別是由於地方司法機關受制於地方政府、地方權力機關和地方黨委，由此導致了司法權的地方化； （二）從對司法機關進行制約與監督的機制上看，一方面由於缺乏具體的操作規程致使根據黨的十五大提出的「依法治國」的要求，司法改革應從以下幾方面考慮:第一，司法改革的目標是進一步增強司法的獨立性;第二，司法改革應當強調司法的權威性;第三，應當強化司法的統一性;第四，完善審判方式和程序;第五，建立法律職業的專業化制度，努力提高法官的整體隊伍素質。
  6. The ideal state of the ftc regime is to unify the two factors of avoiding international double taxation and maintaining u. s. fiscal jurisdiction. however, by various reasons in reality the unification is impossible to be perfect and there are always conflicts between the two factors. the third chapter discusses qualifications of ftc in u. s. internal law

    抵免制度的理想狀態是，在消除國際雙重征稅和維護美國稅收管轄權兩個方面達到統一，但在現實中，由於立法和執法上存在的漏洞、美國與外國法律規定的非一致性、法律和經濟現實的矛盾性等原因，完全的統一總難以達到，抵免制度總存在這樣那樣的缺陷。
  7. Concerning the fundamental content of public summons, the author firstly shows us its concept, and then searches some systems in roman law and germanic law which do not belong to the system of public summons but contain the function of public summons. after that, the author elaborates the option of the law to the means of public summons, and points out that registration is the means of public summons for real property and that of personal is possession. furthermore, the author gives us the four characters of means of public summons and the four kinds of legal validity of public summons

    關于公示的基本內容，筆者首先交待了公示的概念；然後到羅馬法和日耳曼法上尋找具有公示機能而不是公示制度的一些內容；接著論述了法律對公示方法的選擇；揭示出了不動產物權的公示方法為登記，動產物權示方法為佔有；緊接著論述了公示方法應當具有的四個特點：公開性、準確性、法定性、統一性；最後簡單介紹了公示的法律效力：形成力、對抗力、推定力、公信力。
  8. According to the theory, the thesis elaborates how to adopt effective measures to improve the ideological and political education of youth of our country in the special time of society transformation in chief. the whole article contains 2 parts : part one : it briefly recommends the backgrounds and main contents of the self - identity theory. part two : it first analyzes the present situation of the ideological and political education of youth of our country, then, it elaborates the reference meaning the self - identity theory gives to the ideological and political education of youth

    第二部分，在分析我國社會轉型時期青年思想政治教育工作中存在的主要問題的基礎上，闡述了自我同一性理論對轉型期我國青年思想政治教育工作的改革提供的方法論上的指導，包括結合青少年心理發展需要，豐富青年思想政治教育內容、遵循青少年心理發展規律，堅持青年思想政治教育過程階段性與連續性的統一、遵循青少年認知特點，創新青年思想政治教育工作的方式方法、遵循自我與社會互動原理，關注青少年的自我發展和青年思想政治教育的環境建設。
  9. The arguments concentrate on two aspects primarily, one is whether the defense ’ s limit should be included in the concept of justifiable defense or not, the other is whether justifiable defense must do harm to the people who infringe the law or not. about the first question, someone oppose nominally and consider that the defense ’ s limit should not appear in the literal statement of the concept of justifiable defense, others oppose substantively and consider that the defense ’ s limit is not the element of justifiable defense and excessive defense should be bring into category of justifiable defense. in my opinion, the former standpoint apprehends the legal rules of justifiable defense solely and not associate with the legal rules of excessive defense

    本文認為:防衛限度條件應當納入正當防衛的概念，損害性不是正當防衛的必然要求;正當防衛是由人的自我防衛這一自然權利接受法律的洗禮以後形成的法定權利，自然權利屬性和階級性都是正當防衛的正當化根據;正當防衛中的不法侵害包括緊迫的犯罪或者違法行為，不法侵害中的「不法」是主客觀相統一的不法;正當防衛的主觀條件是基於對不法侵害的認識而決意實施防衛行為的心態，特定的防衛目的不是正當防衛的主觀條件。
  10. They must view the world with broad vision, acquire a correct understanding of the requirements of the times and be good at thinking on a theoretical plane and in a strategic perspective so as to improve their ability of sizing up the situation in a scientific way. they must act in compliance with objective and scientific laws, address promptly the new situation and problems in reform and development, know how to seize opportunities to accelerate development and enhance their abilities of keeping the market economy well in hand. they must correctly understand and handle various social contradictions, know how to balance the relations among different interests, overcome difficulties and go on improving their ability of coping with complicated situations

    必須以寬廣的眼界觀察世界，正確把握時代發展的要求，善於進行理論思維和戰略思維，不斷提高科學判斷形勢的能力必須堅持按照客觀規律和科學規律辦事，及時研究解決改革和建設中的新情況新問題，善於抓住機遇加快發展，不斷提高駕馭市場經濟的能力必須正確認識和處理各種社會矛盾，善於協調不同利益關系和克服各種困難，不斷提高應對復雜局面的能力必須增強法制觀念，善於把堅持黨的領導人民當家作主和依法治國統一起來，不斷提高依法執政的能力必須立足全黨全國工作大局，堅定不移地貫徹黨的路線方針政策，善於結合實際創造性地開展工作，不斷提高總攬全局的能力。
  11. This article has been divided into five chapters, the contents of five chapters respectively are : the contents of the first chapter are about pollution compensation that oil leakage of the ships lead to in " maritime law " ; the contents of the second chapter are about delay delivery of the goods in " maritime law " ; the contents of the third chapter are about the cargo lien that the marine carriers have in " maritime law " ; the contents of the fourth chapter are about the rights that the shippers can change and terminate the contract unilaterally in " maritime law " ; the contents of the fifth chapter are about the limitation of liability for maritime claims system in " maritime law ". the contents of each chapter of this article are about a flaw of " maritime law ". as a result of the limit of article length and the limit of author ability, it is impossible to analyze the article of " maritime law " gradually, the article is only about five quite important flaws of " maritime law " to form five chapters, then we will introduce them gradually

    但是，隨著我國加入wto ，國際貿易和海上運輸迅速的發展， 《海商法》在實施中暴露出很多不足。因此，有必要遵循科學性、適時性和法制統一性等立法的基本原則，對《海商法》及時進行修改。筆者認為，應當認真總結《海商法》成功的經驗和失敗的教訓，從目前和今後一個時期海上和與海相通的內陸水域的運輸和經濟貿易的現實和發展對法律的需要出發，參照和借鑒其他民商立法、國際海事條約、民間規則和合同格式，以及國外先進的立法例，吸收海商法理論研究成果，並考慮國際海事立法的發展趨勢，在船舶油污損害賠償的規定，遲延交付的規定，海上貨物留置權的規定，托運人變更解除合同權利的規定，海事賠償責任限制制度的規定等幾個方面修改現行《海商法》 。
  12. On the bilateral coordination, he puts the bilateral coordination between the united states and the ec as an example to introduce the present conditions of the bilateral coordination, and then assesses it. on regional cooperation, he focuses on cooperation of the countries of ec. at last, he analyses the feasibility and the difficulty of making an international uniform antitrust law, and then puts forwards the steps of building a system to regulate the transnational m & a under the wto system

    在單蛐制方面，筆者分析了發達國家反壟斷法律的發鵬勢及其原因，並考察和評價了反壟斷法的域外適用制度；在雙邊協調方面，筆者以美歐間的雙邊協調為例，介紹了目前雙邊弧的現狀並加以評價；在區域弧方面，筆者重點分析了歐盟國家反壟斷法律的郴；最後，筆者分析了制定國際統一反壟斷法的可行性和障礙，並提出了在世貿組織竟爭規則下建立跨國並購規制制度的步驟。
  13. Political civilization, as a modem civilizd politics, is the unity of political humanistic solicitude and legal rational order

    摘要政治文明意味著現代政治的文明化，這種文明的政治是政治的人文關懷與憲法和法律理性秩序的統一。
  14. As a result of modern great production, products liability is inevitable law phenomenon, which is attached importance to in the law theory and practice by all the countries in the world, it has been a worldwide problem, but it has n ' t been mature and there are many law matters to be resolved in our current law institution, such as lack of standard and union, etc

    產品責任作為現代化大規模生產的產物，是現代社會所必然出現的一種法律現象，在世界各國的法律理論和實踐中都受到了很高程度的重視，產品責任已成為世界性的問題。但我國目前的產品責任制度還不成熟，缺乏規范性、統一性，有許多問題亟待解決。
  15. The article expatiates the historical development and trend of estopple, then analyzes its variation and extension in applicable elements and its application, according to its system value to verify its unifying trend, that estopple shall stop using the superficial form of constituting elements and adopt its spirit, to make it a elastic legal principle

    本文通過闡述禁反言制度在英國法和美國法上的歷史沿革，分析其適用要件和范圍的變化和擴張，根據其制度價值論證了禁反言規則將擺脫構成條件的表面形式而采其實質精神，使其成為具有彈性的法律原則的統一化趨勢。
  16. There are three major contributing factors namely the limitation of legislation, the limitation of law and the political law tradition of a single - system and centralized country

    中國古代立法解釋的成因則主要有三個：立法的局限性、法律的局限性、單一制集權國家的政治法律傳統。
  17. On the basis of analyzing the inside meaning and outside postpones of the concept inner financial risk this thesis elucidate the development process of internal control and bring up the definition of internal control. the definition is that internal control is a system to guarantee reasonably the performance of unit operates activity, dependability of finance report and following of laws. it pierce through in all processes of operating the activities, such as control environment, risk valuation, control activities, information and communication and direct etc. these factors suffer board of directors, management stratum and other personnel of the business enterprise influence

    本文在分析了企業內部財務風險概念的內涵、外延及其防範的基礎上，本著以防範財務風險為目的進一步詳細研究了內部控制問題，闡述了內部控制的發展歷程，提出了關于內部控制的定義：內部控制是為合理保證單位經營活動的效益性、財務報告的可靠性和法律法規的遵循性，而自行檢查、制約和調整內部業務活動的自律系統，它貫穿于經營活動的全部過程，包括控制環境、風險評估、控制活動、信息與溝通、監督等要素，並受企業董事會、管理階層及其他人員影響。
  18. If we ignored the unity of the two above, and insisted on restraining the defendant ' s procedure rights in order to punish offenders efficiently, the abuse of judicial power and higher rate of mistaken cases would appear. at the same time, the goal of controlling the crime efficiently would be hard to attain. on the other hand, if the defendant ' s interests were absolutely superior to the interests of the society and its other members, the substantive reality and the value of criminal procedure would not be ensured and the order of the law would be in the failure of safeguarding

    忽視兩者的統一性，主張為高效率的懲治犯罪而限制被告人的訴訟權利，會產生司法權濫用的弊害，並導致較高的錯案率，其高效率抑制犯罪的目的的實現也會受到妨礙；反之，如果將被告人利益置於絕對優越的地位，使之凌駕于社會及其他成員的利益之上，則會貶抑實體真實及刑事程序價值，法律秩序得不到有效維護。
  19. Up to now, with the change of chinese society, the law is very necessary to society control, then the western legal system and the theory of the rule - of - law have become the stylebook of the construction of modern rule - of - law of china, so the inherent conjunction and the conflict between law and moral have been the important themes in the academic field of law

    同時，由於法律和道德的不同特徵，也由於社會的不斷變遷，這兩者由統一逐漸走向分離，甚至還產生了沖突。但這種沖突必須限制在一定的范圍之內，否則將會影響社會的健康持續的發展。而法律的倫理性是限製法律與道德沖突的基本指向。
  20. Currently, the various countries usually absorb and model other countries ’ valuable aspects, eliminate the malpractice which their countries ’ law system exists to promote their law system into positive cycle “ the ruling ever did not produce the law ” this traditional continental legal principle had already been broken through in the practice, the mainland legal system more and more took the legal precedent the function, carried on the supplement and the improvement unceasingly through the legal precedent form to some written laws, and secure also unceasingly introduced the new principle of legality and the spirit during the safeguard law stability

    當今，世界各國的普遍做法是吸收借鑒他國的長處，用以清除本國法律制度上存在的弊端並以此促進法律制度的良性循環。 「判決從不產生法律」這一傳統的大陸法原則在實踐中已經被突破，大陸法系國家越來越重視判例的作用，通過判例的形式不斷對即有的制定法進行補充和改進，在保障法律的穩定性和安全性的同時也不斷地引進新的法律原則和精神。
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