海上貨物 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [hǎishànghuòwù]
海上貨物 英文
sea goods
  • 上 : 上名詞[語言學] （指上聲） falling-rising tone
  • 貨 : Ⅰ名詞1. （貨幣; 錢） money 2. （貨物; 商品） goods; commodity 3. （指人, 罵人的話） 4. 動詞[書面語] （出賣） sell
  • 物 : 名詞1 （東西） thing; matter; object 2 （指自己以外的人或與己相對的環境） other people; the outsi...
  • 貨物 : goods; cargo; commodity; merchandise; lading; stock of goods
  1. Contract of affreightment ( coa ) of goods by sea has been adopted in shipping practice for a long time. however, coa has not been specifically stipulated in china maritime code ( cmc ). the academic opinions on coa have been in disputes

    海上貨物包運作為實踐中被廣為應用的運輸方式，立法中並未對其作明確規定，而諸多海商法學論著也未對其進行系統、詳細的論述，所以對于包運合同的理解一直存在爭議。
  2. This thesis is planed to analyze and demonstrate this obligation in detail, and tries to clarify the issues below : 1, the differences in the obligation standards among the carrier, the common carrier and the bailee, and the differences in the obligation standards between care of cargo and making the ship seaworthy ; 2, combined with the cases and shipping practice, solving the problems which is produced in fulfilling the obligation ; 3, with the principle of law, analyzing the character of the responsibility which should assume when the care of cargo obligation is breached ; 4, introducing the provisions about care o f cargo obligation in preliminary draft instrument on the carriage of goods by sea and expressing my opinions

    本文擬對這一義務進行詳細的分析和論證，試圖闡明以下幾個方面的問題： 1 、承運人管貨義務所要求的「妥善和謹慎」的標準與公共承運人、託管人管貨義務的標準的區別，與承運人適航義務的標準「克盡職責」的區別； 2 、結合有關案例和航運實務，分析該條文字面所表述的管貨義務的各個環節在實際運用中的相關問題； 3 、從法理的角度分析違反管貨義務所應承擔的責任的性質； 4 、介紹正在制訂的《海上貨物運輸法》 （草案）中關于承運人管貨義務的規定，並提出自己的意見。
  3. Legal services related to shipbuilding, ship collision, salvage, sea damage ; chartering ; maritime cargo shipment and insurance ; maritime litlgation and arbitration

    船舶建造、碰撞、打撈、海損法律事務；租船法律事務；海上貨物運輸和保險；海事、海商訴訟和仲裁。
  4. Hebei longda trading co., ltd v. hong kong dehsun freight service agency ltd in dispute over goods shipping contract

    原告河北龍大貿易有限公司訴被告香港德訊貨代有限公司海上貨物運輸合同糾紛案
  5. According to china ' s maritime code, the liabiiity of breaching a contract of carriage of goods by sea is determined by whether the breaching party has f8ult or not, while it aiso stipuiates in articie 51 that ; " the carrier shaii not be iiable for the loss of or damage to the goods occurred during the period of carrier ' s responsibility arising or resulting from any of the foiiowing causes ( ( 1 ) fault of the mastef, crew members, pilot or servant of the carrier in the navigation or management of the ship "

    我國海商法在海上貨物運輸方面的承運人違約責任之歸責採取過錯責任原則，但因其在第51條又規定「船長、船員、引航員或者承運人的其他受僱人在駕駛船舶或管理船舶中的過失」承運人不負賠償責任。因為這一點，海商法學界稱之為不完全過失責任制。
  6. In the meantime, imperfect liabilities for negligence principle which is regarded as the fundamental principle undertook by the carrier of carriage contract also tends to extend to maritime law ; what ' s important, as the fundamental principles of branch law, maybe there are several different doctrines of liability fixation in the same law, but in our words of the fundamental principles of maritime law, we mean the most important doctrine of liability fixation

    同時，不完全過失責任原則作為海上貨物運輸合同承運人承擔的基本原則，也有向海商法基本原則擴張的趨向；更為重要的是，作為部門法的基本原則，可能在同一法律中存在著若干不同的歸責原則，但是我們所說的海商法的基本原則則是從海商法中最重要的歸責原則而言的。
  7. The stipulations in voyage charter - party shall be deemed as supplementary agreement to coa, which is not a new contract apart from the coa. the object of coa is maritime transportation and the rights and obligations under coa spread around the transportation

    鑒于包運合同的實踐意義，建議將其與航次租船的特別規定和多式聯運合同的特別規定並列，在《海商法》第四章「海上貨物運輸合同」中予以規定。
  8. However, it is a process full of complexity and difficulties due to the enforceability, diversity of shipping sectors and sphere of legal validity of transport law

    海上貨物運輸法的統一立法歷程顯示了其艱難、復雜性，這是海上貨物運輸法的強制性色彩、海運格局的分佈力量以及運輸法的適用范圍諸多因素所使然。
  9. Cmi has been endeavoring the international unification of the law relating to carrier ' s liability system arising out of the carriage of goods by sea since 1907. the hague rules which was adopted in 1924 started the beginning of the unification of carrier ' s liability system

    自1907年以來， cmi就一直致力於海上貨物運輸法承運人責任制度的國際統一，並於1924年制定了海牙規則，開創了承運人責任制度統一的先河，隨著1968年修訂海牙規則維斯比議定書的通過，統一的程度有所降低。
  10. Having this in mind, researching methodologies and ideas of this paper are based on the analysis of general principles of burden of proof in civil law. meanwhile, taking into account the specialties of shipping law, this paper compared the rules of burden of proof among hague rules, hague - visby rules, hamburg rules, draft of united states carriage of goods by sea act 1999 ( cogsa ), china maritime code and china contract act 2000

    有鑒於此，本論文對海運貨損索賠舉證責任的研究是建立在對一般民事舉證責任分析的基礎上，結合海商法特點，重點對《海牙規則》 、 《海牙威斯比規則》 、 《漢堡規則》 、美國1999年海上貨物運輸法草案以及我國《合同法》 、 《海商法》對海運貨損索賠舉證責任的規定做了具體的比較和分析。
  11. In the third part, the writer firstly is in an attempt to analyze rules of burden of proof in the importantly international conventions, namely hague rules, hague - visby rules and hamburg rules. by paying a close scrutiny on judicial precedents in different countries, the different approaches on the burden of proof in these conventions have been further stressed. under the international criticisms towards these approaches, the united states has drafted its carriage of goods by

    另一方面，在各國對規則要求進行修改的呼聲中，美國已推出了1999年海上貨物運輸法草案，美國作為世界上經濟一大強國，這部法律的出臺肯定會對我國海商領域產生重大的影響，在該草案中在舉證責任方面做了許多有別于現有國際公約的規定，因此在本論文中對美國99cogsa的相關規定也做了具體評析。
  12. The " mode of series bills of amendment to hague - visby rules " is an acceptable choice taking into consideration of the reality and application of law

    出於對海上貨物運輸法的現實性和可操作性的考量， 「海牙維斯比系列修正模式」在海上貨物運輸法統一化進程中是一個可以接受的模式。
  13. The unification of transport law of goods by sea is a legislative trend in wake of increasingly assimilated developments in the field

    摘要海上貨物運輸法的統一化是海上貨物運輸法趨同化的結果。
  14. The author tries to put forwarder some standpoints on the validity of contracts concluded by the non - qualified nvocc and the lien of nvocc by analyzing the significance of the establishment of the legal system of nvocc

    筆者試通過對確立無船承運業務經營者法律制度意羲之分析，對不適格的無船承運人簽訂海上貨物運輸合同的效力和無船承運人介入后的貨物留置權問題提出自己的一點拙見。
  15. On the unification of transport law of goods by sea

    海上貨物運輸法統一化略論
  16. Article 2 " maritime transport " as referred to in this code means the carriage of goods and passengers by sea, including the sea - river and river - sea direct transport

    第二條本法所稱海上運輸，是指海上貨物運輸和海上旅客運輸，包括海江之間、江海之間的直達運輸。
  17. I n generai idea, seaworthy and care for goods and no deviation are carrier ' s basic obligations

    一般認為使船舶適航、管理貨物和不繞航是承運人在國際海上貨物運輸合同中承擔的基本義務。
  18. Writer ' s view of point is that delivery of cargo without original bills of lading has the character of breaching of the contract, because releasing cargo against original bills of lading is carrier ' s legal liability in carrying out the carriage of goods by sea. also it has the character of action in tort, as if the actions violate the civil law of liability in tort, the doer shall take on the liability of compensation. however when actions are both of breach and in tort, the chinese law gives the victim the rights to choose to sue in tort or of breach, but some limitations in applying substantive law

    第二章論述無單放貨的法律性質，筆者認為，無單放貨具有違約性，因為保證憑正本提單交付貨物是承運人在履行海上貨物運輸合同中的一項法定義務；無單放貨具有侵權性，只要無單放貨行為構成承擔侵權行為民事責任的要件，無單放貨行為人就必須承擔賠償責任；同時，無單放貨的違約性和侵權性可能構成責任競合時，我國法律允許受害人可以選擇一個訴因行使其請求權，但對實體法請求權的選擇，法律作出了一定范圍的限制；最後，無單放貨在某種程度上促進了航運業的發展，我們不能一概加以否定，無單放貨在特定情況下具有一定的合理性。
  19. In practice of carriage of goods by sea, the individuai shipper is the consumer of service, beiongs to a weak social group, so that the party who needs protection by the iaw shaii be the shipper but not the carriel howevef

    在海上貨物運輸中，廣大的貨物托運人是「消費者」 ，屬於弱勢群體，應當受到法律的保護。但現存的航海過失免責，卻與此相背，不能不令人遺憾。
  20. This article has been divided into five chapters, the contents of five chapters respectively are : the contents of the first chapter are about pollution compensation that oil leakage of the ships lead to in " maritime law " ; the contents of the second chapter are about delay delivery of the goods in " maritime law " ; the contents of the third chapter are about the cargo lien that the marine carriers have in " maritime law " ; the contents of the fourth chapter are about the rights that the shippers can change and terminate the contract unilaterally in " maritime law " ; the contents of the fifth chapter are about the limitation of liability for maritime claims system in " maritime law ". the contents of each chapter of this article are about a flaw of " maritime law ". as a result of the limit of article length and the limit of author ability, it is impossible to analyze the article of " maritime law " gradually, the article is only about five quite important flaws of " maritime law " to form five chapters, then we will introduce them gradually

    但是，隨著我國加入wto ，國際貿易和海上運輸迅速的發展， 《海商法》在實施中暴露出很多不足。因此，有必要遵循科學性、適時性和法制統一性等立法的基本原則，對《海商法》及時進行修改。筆者認為，應當認真總結《海商法》成功的經驗和失敗的教訓，從目前和今後一個時期海上和與海相通的內陸水域的運輸和經濟貿易的現實和發展對法律的需要出發，參照和借鑒其他民商立法、國際海事條約、民間規則和合同格式，以及國外先進的立法例，吸收海商法理論研究成果，並考慮國際海事立法的發展趨勢，在船舶油污損害賠償的規定，遲延交付的規定，海上貨物留置權的規定，托運人變更解除合同權利的規定，海事賠償責任限制制度的規定等幾個方面修改現行《海商法》 。
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