海底低地 的英文怎麼說

Cryptic species have been found in a wide range of marine organisms ; with majority of them are benthic invertebrates. in contrast, marine holoplanktons are thought to have lower diversity and slow speciation due to their strong dispersal potential. this paper reviewed studies on cryptic species and speciation in marine holoplankton. based on findings in 38 studied taxa, it was concluded that : 1 ) cryptic species are pervasive in marine holoplankton, suggesting holoplankton speciation was more active than previously thought ; 2 ) current morphospecies diversity is untenable to reflect true species diversity in marine holoplankton ; 3 ) geographic isolation may facilitate cryptic speciation of marine holoplankton. however, contribution of allopatric speciation is still questionable ; 4 ) ecological speciation may be the prevailing speciation mode in marine holoplankton. cryptic speciation in marine holoplankton is paradoxical, because rapid speciation under strong gene flow is countertuitive. solution of this paradox will help us gain deep insights of marine speciation and biodivesity

隱種廣泛存在於各類海洋生物中，尤其是底棲無脊椎動物.然而，海洋終生浮游生物由於具有較強的擴散能力，往往被視為生物多樣性低、物種形成慢.本文就海洋終生浮游生物隱種與物種形成的研究作一綜述.基於研究的38個種類，結果表明: 1 ）海洋終生浮游生物普遍存在隱種，其物種形成要比想象得快; 2 ）由於引種的廣泛存在，形態種生物多樣性無法反映海洋終生浮游生物真正的物種多樣性; 3 ）地理隔離有助於海洋終生浮游生物隱種的形成，但異域物種形成的作用仍值得商榷; 4 ）生態物種形成很可能是海洋終生浮游生物物種形成的主流模式.海洋終生浮游生物強基因流下快速的物種形成有悖于生物進化常理，解決該悖論將有助於我們對海洋物種形成和生物多樣性的理解

Most tidal areas in sihcao are distributed near the outlet to the sea where the salt content is low and water flows slowly. therefore, they are ideal habitats for animals and plants and nourish a wide variety of bathos, such as fish, shrimps and shells. when low tide comes, we can see flocks of birds and packs of fiddler crabs come seeking food in these areas

四草地區的潮間帶多分佈於出海口，因為此地位於河海交界，鹽分較低、水流緩慢，適合動、植物棲息，孕育豐富的魚蝦貝類等底棲生物，退潮時經常吸引成群的鳥類及招潮蟹前來覓食。

In the heart of the continent it is almost as high as the summits of the alps, yet soundings show that in places that rock floor is below sea level

大陸的中心幾乎與阿爾卑斯山等高，然而，超聲探測顯示，巖石底部的許多地點都低於海平面。

Plan also to visit the walk on the 1 - mile golden canyon interpretive trail leads from the valley floor, 160 feet below sea level, up to the zabriskie point overlook

從547尺陡峭的但丁峰dante s peak上，幾乎可以俯瞰整個峽谷。山底下，低於海平面地獄一般，一望無際的惡水低地bad water ，更是一覽無遺。

Based upon the analysis of the data obtained during the survey, it can be concluded that : 1 ) the number of biomass of macrobenthos in the yellow sea and the east china sea in autuma is higher than that in spring, while the number of density of macrobenthos in autumn is lower than that in spring ; 2 ) the number of biomass of macrobenthos in the yellow sea is higher than that in the east china sea ; 3 ) the number of species in the yellow sea is lower than that in the east china sea ; 4 ) one of the characteristics of distribution of macrobenthos in the east china sea is that the species richness increased from the coastal waters to the offshore deep waters, from the north to the south. 5 ) the species composition in the deeper part occupied by the cold water mass of the yellow sea is more stable than that in the coastal part of the yellow sea in the late 40 ~ 50 years

通過以上幾方面的分析，結果表明： 1 ）黃東海調查海域的秋季總生物量均高於春季，總棲息密度則低於早春季； 2 ）黃東海春季生物多樣性指數高於秋季； 3 ）南黃海、東海的水文特點顯著不同：東海底溫顯著高於南黃海底溫，東海底鹽亦高於南黃海底鹽； 4 ）南黃海春秋季生物量分佈無一致規律，東海春秋季生物量除長江口外基本上自近岸向外海逐步降低； 5 ）東海大陸架大型底棲動物的種類組成較南黃海更豐富； 6 ）東海大型底棲動物的分佈特點之一為：種類數由北向南、由近岸（西部）向外海（東部）逐漸增多； 7 ）在黃海冷水團控制的海域，其底棲動物種類組成較近岸海域穩定； 8 ）幾個生物多樣性指數各有側重，都能較好地反映底棲動物的分佈特點

The ore - bearing fluid of dabaoshan deposit was relate to magmatic thermal dynamic process and formed hydrothermal sedimentary polymetallic deposit at seafloor. the ore - bearing fluid of fankou was relate to circulation hydrothermal fluid in deep formation and formed pb - zn - ag - hg polymetallic middle - lower temperature sedimentary deposit by sea - floor thermal spring overflowing

大寶山型流體與巖漿熱動力作用有關，形成海底火山熱液沉積多金屬礦床；凡口型流體與深部建造的循環熱液有關，形成中低溫海底熱泉噴溢沉積鉛鋅銀汞礦床；紅巖型流體與盆地成巖壓實水有關，形成低溫單一黃鐵礦礦床。

But the lowest summer ice cap on record put sea ice far north of the outer continental shelf, the shallow, life - rich shelf of ocean bottom in the bering and chukchi seas

但今年夏天北極冰帽面積縮小至歷史最低記錄，使海冰向北推移，遠離了白令海和楚科奇海一帶海底生物豐富的淺大陸架外圍地區。

The gas chimney can be applied in hydrocarbon exploration in terms of ranking prospects, detecting migration pathways, distinguishing sealing or non - sealing faults, identifying potential over - pressured zone and drilling ( shallow gas ) hazards as well as assessing the sea floor stability for platform design and drilling

氣煙囪在油氣勘探工作中有其獨特的作用，可以有效地預測勘探方向、揭示天然氣的運移路徑、預測斷層的封閉性，同時利用氣煙囪還可以預測超壓和海底構造穩定性，降低淺層氣鉆探風險。

In civil engineering applications, for example harbor - constructing and bridge - building, need information of sea bottom. in military engineering applications, identification of sea bottom types are vary important for match field location, low - frequency sonar distance forecast, and choosing the location for submarine

在民用方面，修築港口，建設跨海大橋；軍用方面，匹配場定位、低頻遠程聲納作用距離預報、潛艇沉底隱蔽地點選擇等方面都有廣泛的應用。

Repairs to asias slow internet, damaged by an earthquake that ripped through key undersea data cables, have been postponed because of a major fault on a ship sent to the fix the problem

亞洲地區由地震引起的海底光纜阻斷從而導致網際網路速率低的問題仍得不到及時的解決，因為此次派出的一艘修纜船發生了比較嚴重的故障，無法及時進行海纜修復。

But on the later condition the trend of accumulation turned to be stable in the w3 treatment ( vseawater / v pure water = 1 ) - in root zone soil, variation of sar value accorded with total salt accumulations and sometimes decreased at the treatment where the v seawater / v pure water > 1. contents of cl - and na + which were the main ions and leached obviously in 0 - 60cm soil were greatly influenced by rainfall, but the rainfall did not affected the contents of ca2 +, mg2 + and k + whose ability of leaching is worse than that of cl - and na + in the root zone soil obviously. the vertical distribution of salt ions in the 0 - 60cm soil were mainly affected by the ratio of v seawater / v pure water in the irrigation water on the condition of not enough rainfall, but on the cont

海水灌溉下，耕層土壤中鹽分含量受降雨量影響很大，足夠的降雨條件下，鹽分不會積累，降雨量較低時，鹽分積累明顯，但在50海水處理下趨于平衡狀態；耕層土壤sar值的變化情況和鹽分含量變化情況相一致，在灌溉水中海水濃度大於50時有所下降；土壤中主要鹽離子為cl ~ -和na ~ + ， 0 - 60cm土層內， na ~ + 、 cl ~ -明顯的向土壤底層遷移，其在土壤中的含量受降雨影響顯著，而ca ~ （ 2 + ） 、 mg ~ （ 2 + ）和k ~ +在土壤中遷移能力較低，其含量受降雨影響較小； 0 - 60cm層次土壤鹽分的縱向分佈在降雨量較低的條件下主要受灌溉水中海水濃度的影響，而在降雨充分的條件下，地面覆蓋程度成為重要的影響鹽分和水分脅迫下菊芋的生理響應及其海水灌溉研究因子之一。

Several influence factors to result plasma drift in hainan were analyzed. in this paper the characteristics of ionospheric parameters variation were analyzed systematically and some new results in storm - time such as seasonal behaviors were obtained ; it is the first time to investigate the ionospheric drift behavior in hainan and some new results was obtained, the relationships between each two plasma drift velocity components in storm time in hainan were found and the electric filed variation in hainan ionosphere also was obtained ; the results also show that there are big differences of the ionosphere parameters bo and bl obtained from the data with that obtained from the iri - 2001 applied for hainan ; a new phenomena was found during a strong magnetic storm, that a layer with very strong electron density and density grad was found during the recovery phase of the storm, its horizontal scale is beyond 100km and temporal scale is about 2 hours, this phenomena repeated 3 times continuously. a type of negative disturbance in high and low latitude but positive disturbance in east - asia also has been found

本文較為系統地給出了海南地區電離層的參數變化特徵，特別是得到了一些暴時與以往不同的季節特性；第一次給出了海南地區的電離層等離子體漂移特徵，發現等離子體漂移暴時擾動在三個方向上有內在的聯系，得到了電場變化曲線；研究結果還表明海南電離層的半厚指數和形狀參數等與國際參考電離層iri - 2001存在很大差別；通過對強磁擾動事件期間的參數變化特性分析發現，在磁暴恢復相期間海南地區電離層底部存在一個電子密度非常大的高密度區，高密度區底部電子密度梯度隨高度急劇增加，該區域的水平尺度可達100公里以上時間尺度約為2小時，連續出現過三次，這是一個在海南從來未發現的新現象；研究還發現了暴時東亞地區電離層擾動會出現高低緯負相而中緯正相的現象。