混倍體 的英文怎麼說

The methods of direct measurement with low precision such as frequency and time interval methods and the methods of indirect measurement with high precision such as beat frequency method, dual mixer time difference method and frequency difference multiplying method are supported on the platform. the fundamentals of each method are studied. the quantization error is analysed and the illustration is given for each method

該平臺支持直接頻率和時差法兩種較低精度的測量方法以及雙混頻時差法、差拍頻率法和頻差倍增法高精度的簡接測量方法，本文研究了各種測量方法的原理，對各種測量方法的量化誤差作了分析，並給出具體的實例。

In cytogenetics, mosaicism is also sometimes referred to as mixoploidy.

在細胞遺傳學中，鑲嵌性有時也稱為混倍體。

An improved hard - sphere model predicted rightly the changing trend of the standard partial molar volume of alkyl chain of amino acids with concentration of electrolyte, and confirmed the assumption that the sum of standard partial molar volumes of ch and ch3 groups is twice as many as the standard partial molar volume of ch2 group

摘要根據改進的硬球混合物模型，正確預測了氨基酸分子的烴鏈在電解質水溶液中的標準偏摩爾體積隨電解質濃度的變化關系，並證實了「氨基酸分子中ch和ch3基團的標準偏摩爾體積之和是ch2基團標準偏摩爾體積的2倍」這一假定。

Scientists had theorized that homoploid hybrids would be more likely to form when the new species was adapted to life in an extreme environment

科學家們有理論說同倍體混血是在極端環境下新品種更加適應生存需求時出現的。

Products function : put our “ sun shine ” brand carbon steel fiber evenly seep into concrete to form steel fiber reinforced concrete and it can decrease the thickness of reinforced concrete by half, it not only shorten the project time, save the material and manpower expense, bring distinct economic benefit, but also increase the performance of crack resistance, percussion resistance, tensile strength, bend resistance. scosspr resostamce amd wear resistance of the reinforced base materials. if the weight ratio of 2 % steel fiber seep into the concrete, it can solve the brittleness problem of the concrete, in the condition of 60 % ralative air humidity, after 21days air - dry, even 520 days air - dry, it ' s difficult to find any crack by eyesight, the bend resistance for the steel fiber concrete is 140 times stronger than the concrete without steel fiber, the capability of impact resistance increase 10 times

產品功能：將本公司「雙興」牌碳鋼纖維系列產品均勻地摻入混凝土中，形成鋼纖維增強混凝土，可使工程中鋼筋混凝土的施工厚度降低一半，不僅縮短了施工工期，節省了材料和人工費用，帶來顯著的經濟效益，且增強了基體的抗裂、抗沖擊、抗彎、抗剪、耐磨擦等性能，如摻入本公司2 %鋼纖維的混凝土，不僅解決了混凝土的脆性問題，在空氣相對濕度60 %的條件下風干21天後，甚至在風干520天，肉眼很難發現裂縫，摻入鋼纖維后的增強混凝土比不摻鋼纖維的混凝土抗彎強度提高140倍，耐沖擊荷載提高10倍。

Present methods generally based on the statistics of earthquake damage, expert experiences, theory analysis and experimental researches have obvious advantages, disadvantages and certain scopes of application ; ( 2 ) different prediction methods should be adopted against different building conditions, sites, intensity and experiences etc to predict earthquake damage of buildings for prospective accuracy, dependability and availability ; ( 3 ) earthquake damage matrix, which is the foundation of earthquake damage prediction, of 7 kinds of building in the urban areas of zhangzhou city under intensity 6 to 9 has been set up. the damage conditions of different buildings under different intensity are as followings : all kinds of structures are basically intact under intensity 6 ; the reinforced concrete structures are basically intact under intensity 7, but other kinds of structures are destroyed slightly ; the reinforced concrete structures are still basically intact while other kinds of structures are destroyed intermediately under intensity 8 ; the reinforced concrete structures are destroyed slightly, single - story factories and open houses are destroyed intermediately and other kinds of structures are destroyed seriously under intensity 9 ; ( 4 ) the results of earthquake damage predicting of buildings embody the damage when earthquake happens in the future. thus, further identifications and reinforcements should be considered to buildings that will be destroyed intermediately or more under the earthquake with 10 % exceeding probability in future 50 years ; ( 5 ) the direct economic losses caused by damage of buildings resting with the area, structural type, intensity and damage of all kinds of buildings are the main part of the losses of the city in an earthquake ; ( 6 ) the direct economic losses increased progressively toward high intensity by 2 or 3 times

基於上述研究，得出的主要結論有：建築物震害預測是一個模糊的、系統的、復雜的問題，現有的方法很多一般都是以震害統計規律、專家經驗、理論分析和試驗研究為依據，有其自身的優缺點和一定的適用范圍；應針對不同的建築物條件、場地條件、地震強度和已有經驗等，採用不同的預測方法進行建築物震害預測，以使預測結果達到預期的精確性、可靠性和可操作性；建立了漳州市區7類建築物在6度9度地震作用下的震害矩陣，成為指導抗震防災的重要依據，各類結構的震害情況表現為： 6度地震作用下各類建築物基本完好； 7度地震作用下除鋼筋混凝土結構基本完好外其餘以建築輕微破壞為主； 8度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構仍以基本完好為主而其餘建築以中等破壞為主； 9度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構以輕微破壞為主，單層工業廠房和空曠房屋以中等破壞為主，其餘建築以嚴重破壞為主；建築物的震害預測結果體現了未來地震來臨時的震害程度，在編制漳州市區抗震防災規劃時，對于遭遇50年超越概率10的地震影響發生中等以上破壞的建築物應考慮進行抗震鑒定和加固；由建築物的破壞所造成的直接經濟損失是城市地震經濟損失的主要部分，重慶大學碩士學位論文中文摘要其主要與建築物總面積、結構類型、地震烈度和各類建築物的震害程度有關;不同烈度造成的直接經濟損失按2一3倍向高烈度方向遞增，漳州市區直接經濟損失由6度至9度的比例關系為1 : 2 . 8 : 8 . 6 : 22 . 8 ;遭遇基本地震設防烈度（ 7度）時，漳州市區直接經濟損失約4 . 5億元，無家可歸人員約40000人，且以磚木結構和多層磚混結構的震害損失最大;地震造成的人員傷亡主要與建築物倒塌及嚴重破壞的程度和總面積以及震時的建築物室內人數密切相關，地震時無家可歸人員主要與住宅倒塌、嚴重破壞及中等破壞的程度和總面積以及城市人均居住面積密切相關。

In this thesis, first, reasons and factors for the stability of loose rock dams were summarized according to the field surveys and certain expert ' s experiences. then, researches on block stability problems were reviewed, and according to the relationship between grain size and incipient velocity, it is found that the block weight is in direct proportion to 6 - 9 power of incipient velocity, and 50 % increase of the velocity will result in about 40 times change of the block weight. after that, experiments were conducted in a flume, focusing on the relationship between incipient velocity and some main factors including block weight, water depth over the dam, cross - section size, block material and river bed material

本文首先根據散拋石壩損毀情況的現場調查資料，結合有關專家多年的整治經驗，總結出壩體的損毀原因及影響因素；對現有塊體穩定性的研究成果進行回顧和總結，並針對散拋石壩的直接損毀現象，結合山區河流的水流、地形特點，利用塊體粒徑與起動流速的關系，提出塊體穩定重量與起動流速高次方成正比的概念，流速50的增長可能導致塊體穩定重量接近40倍的變化；通過二維變坡水槽試驗，研究了壩體穩定的主要影響因素，包括塊體重量、壩頂水深、斷面尺寸、塊體材料（塊石和卵石兩種） 、護底等，結果表明對于山區河流，試圖僅僅通過增加壩體單個塊體重量或斷面尺寸來提高壩體穩定性效果甚微；最後，根據西部地區的自然、經濟、交通等條件，提出可以採用柔性混凝土鉸鏈體等一類整體性較好的護面層作為散拋石壩的防沖毀措施，以期取得良好的工程效果。

The study results indicated that, arranged in the order of magnitude, the degrees of the effects on the cementing strengths of the two interfaces were the system, emulsion, main emulsifier, fluid loss control agent and white oil respectively ; the cementing strength would be doubled and redoubled after being cleaned by preflush, especially by the system, emulsion and fluid loss control agent ; and, along with the increase in the mix slurry ratio, the initial and final set times of slurry would be obviously lengthened and the compressive strength of bond cement would be remarkably reduced or the slurry wouldn ' t be even set

研究表明：對兩界面膠結強度的影響由大到小依次是體系、乳狀液、主乳化劑、降濾失劑、白油；前置液清洗后，膠結強度成倍提高，尤其對體系、乳狀液和降濾失劑清洗效果最佳；隨混漿比的增大，水泥漿初凝和終凝時間明顯延長，水泥石抗壓強度明顯下降，甚至不凝。

Raised the idea of constructing hybrid capacitor with a battery based positive electrode and a capacitor based negative electrode, experiment proved that a hybrid supercapacitor with a manganese dioxide based positive electrode and an activated carbon based negative electrode showed very good performance, double electrode specific capacitance could be enhanced to 95. 7f / g, that is 2 ~ 3 times that of the carbon based supercapacitors. furthermore, the maximal voltage of a single cell could be expanded to 1. 5v, as a result, the energy density could be ten times higher than that of a carbon based supercapacitors

本論文中我們提出了將電池哈爾濱工程大學碩士學位論文的正極與電容器的負極結合成混合超級電容器的構想，並成功實現了二氧化錳正極和活性炭負極的組合，構成的錳碳混合超級電容器雙電極比容量可達到95 . 7f / g ，比活性炭超級電容器提高了2一3倍，單體工作電壓可以高達1 . 5v ，從而使能量密度提高到碳基超級電容器的十倍。

The judgement formula for high and low speed landslide and a new theory of stiffness - effect instability are presented for the instability of planar - sliding slope by the catastrophe theory. it is pointed out that the limit equilibrium stability analysis method of rigidity body has a lot of defects. the relationship between the action of outside environment and the response of slope system is complicatedly nonlinear according to the nonlinear dynamics model of slope evolution built

針對斜坡平面滑動失穩問題，運用突變理論方法，給出了快速滑坡和慢速滑坡發生的判據，驗證了剛體極限平衡穩定性評價方法有較大缺陷；根據斜坡演化非線性動力學模型，發現斜坡演化過程會出現混沌現象，其通向混沌之路是通過倍周期分叉實現的。

At the same time we obtained that the shg conversion efficiency of the flattened gaussian beam is higher than that of the gaussian beam under the same condition ; in section 3, we have computed the theoretical conversion efficiency of the thg on the flattened gaussian beam, where we also have worked out the type - i and type - 11 ( 1 ) thg conversion efficiency curves versus the same effectors, and found the flattened gaussian beams thg conversion efficiency is higher than that of the gaussian beam too ; in the section 4, we have simulated the field distribution of the shg and thg wave on the flattened gaussian beam

在相同條件下，得出了平頂高斯光束的倍頻轉換效率高於高斯光束的倍頻轉換效率；第三章對平頂高斯光束在clbo晶體上的類和類混頻轉換效率與其影響因素的關系進行了數值模擬和計算，並同高斯光束進行比較，同樣得到混頻時，平頂高斯光束的轉換效率高於高斯光束的混頻轉換效率的結論；第四章模擬計算了平頂高斯光束的倍頻、混頻波橫向光場的分佈形式，得到了諧波場仍為均勻平頂高斯光束的結果。

The results showed that the notched impact strength of pvc / acr blends was improved remarkably and the tensile strength and the flexural strength of the blends have not obviously changed. the notched impact strength of pvc / acr blends was increased to about 3 times more than the pure pvc when the ratio of pvc / acr is 100 / 6 ( wt )

結果表明，所合成的acr和pvc共混后能提高pvc的抗沖擊性能，並呈現明顯的韌性斷裂特徵，而材料的拉伸性能和彎曲性能下降不大，當pvc acr = 100 6時，共混體系的缺口沖擊強度較純pvc提高3倍多。

Planar laser induced fluorescence ( plif ) and multi - dimensional cfd software was used to study the fuel - air mixing process in traditional combustion chamber and bump combustion chamber, the experimental and simulated result agree well in room condition. the fuel - air mixing process in high pressure and temperature in traditional and bump combustion chamber were compared. the result show that fuel and air can mix more quickly in bump combustion chamber than in traditional combustion chamber, fuel - air mixture in bump combustion chamber is more homogenous than in traditional chamber

進一步對高溫高壓下傳統燃燒室和bump燃燒室內燃油空氣混合好壞進行了對比研究，提出了衡量燃油與空氣混合好壞的三個指標，發現bump燃燒室內燃油能在更大的體積內與空氣混合， bump燃燒室內燃油比傳統燃燒室內燃油分佈相對更均勻， bump燃燒室內燃油濃度耗散率為傳統燃燒室內燃油耗散率2 . 8倍，能更快與空氣混合。

The improve of rev also lessen ttq, lessening the energy consumption, while in the same time, increase the energy consumption of the machine, so we should choose proper rev to lessen the energy consumption. 2. with the content of talc, the tensile strength of the composite improves first and then decreases, with a most value in the 20 % of the talc

2隨著滑石粉含量的增加，該復合材料的拉伸強度先升后降，在滑石粉含量為20時達到最大，經混合偶聯劑處理的復合體系，拉伸強度比未處理的提高約2倍，沖擊強度比未處理的高約2倍多，但考慮到製品性能和成本，滑石粉填充量在30 - 40比較合理。

The photoconductivity of single - layered photoreceptors, where mwcnt bonded by tamnpc ( mwcnt - b - tamnpc ) served as the charge generation material ( cgm ), was studied by the xerographic photoinduced discharge method. the photosensitivity of mwcnt - b - tamnpc was better than that of pristine tamnpc and mwcnt / tamnpc composite obtained by simply physical blending. it is the photoinduced charge transfer from tamnpc to mwcnt in mwcnt - b - tamnpc that contributes to the higher photosensitivity of mwcnt - b - tamnpc

研究發現該復合光電導材料體系的光電導性能在500一760nm波長范圍內都有大幅度提高，例如679nm波長激發時，該復合材料的光敏性是同等條件下酞著錳的4倍，是四氨基酞背錳/碳納米管簡單物理共混材料的8 . 5倍。

In this chapter, the suitable devices and circuit structure have been choosed to design a second order multiplier, a fifth order multiplier, a sixth order harmonics mixer and a dro operating in 9. 4ghz. the forth chapter is a section of system realization and test, in this chapter, the system of low phase noise frequency source has been constructed and tested. the results show that the targets of the system have been achieved

第三章的系統分器件與實驗數據部分，主要是以上述第二章的分析為基礎，以所推導的理論公式為指導選取必要的器件和合適的電路拓撲結構，分別設計實現了一個二次倍頻器，五次倍頻器， 6次諧波混頻器和一個9 . 4ghz的介質振蕩器，為後述整個系統的實現在硬體上做了必要的準備。

Second, on the base of large scale integer building model tests, anti - seismic property of structure of multi - rib panel is analyzed, and is contrasted with the property of the masonry structure. the research reveals that buildings in structure of multi - rib panel make shear deformation mainly, whose failure process is similar to the single composite panel and the tests result shows that, contracted to masonry structure, carrying capacity of buildings in this structure is 1. 5 times and deformation capacity is about 3 times. in addition, thanks to the lower self - weight, the seismic response of the buildings is far lower than masonry structure

研究表明：多層密肋壁板結構房屋以剪切變形為主，破壞過程與單塊墻板相似；復合墻板與后澆隱型框架連接成整體結構，協同工作；傳統的底部剪力法適用於本結構體系的抗震計算；試驗結果還表明，該結構房屋最大承載能力是磚混結構的1 . 5倍，變形能力是磚混結構的3倍左右，而房屋自重比砌體結構減少1 4以上，地震反應遠低於砌體結構。