熱力學轉化 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [rèlìxuézhuǎnhuà]
熱力學轉化 英文
thermodynamic change
  • 力 : Ⅰ名1 （力量; 能力） power; strength; ability; capacity 2 [物理學] （改變物體運動狀態的作用） forc...
  • 學 : Ⅰ動詞1 （學習） study; learn 2 （模仿） imitate; mimic Ⅱ名詞1 （學問） learning; knowledge 2 （學...
  • 轉 : 轉構詞成分。
  • 轉化 : 1. （轉變） change; transform 2. [化學] inversion; conversion
  1. Many planets ( for example, ganymede, mercury, the earth, jupiter and saturn ) and stars ( for example, the sun ) possess intrinsic magnetic fields. the explanation for their existence and variation remains a great challenge to planetary scientists and astrophysicists. this article attempts to review some recent developments and difficulties in the study of magnetohydrodynamics for the electrically conducting fluid interiors of planets and stars. it is the fluid motions, usually driven by thermal convection, that generate and sustain magnetic fields through magnetohydrodynamic processes in planets and stars. in planets, the magnetohydrodynamic processes are strongly affected by the combined and inseparable effects of rotation, magnetic fields and spherical geometry. the key dynamics involves the interaction between the coriolis and lorentz forces. in the sun, it is the solar tachocline, a thin shear flow layer located at the base of the convection envelope, that plays an essential role in the solar magnetohydrodynamic processes which produce the 11 - year sunspot cycle. some results of a new nonlinear three - dimensional solar dynamo model are also presented

    許多行星（如木衛三，水星，地球，木星和土星）和恆星（如太陽）具有內部磁場.對這些磁場的存在和變化的解釋對行星科學家和天體物理學家是一個巨大的挑戰.本文試圖總結行星和恆星的導電流體內部磁流體力學研究的新近發展和困難.一般由熱對流驅動的流動通過磁流體力學過程產生並維持在行星和恆星中的磁場.在行星中磁流體力學過程強烈地受到轉動，磁場和球幾何位型的綜合影響.其動力學的關鍵方面涉及科里奧利力和洛倫茲力間的相互作用.在太陽中其流線，即處于對流層的薄的剪切流層在太陽的磁流體力學過程中扮演了一個基本的角色，並由之產生了11年的太陽黑子周期.本文也給出了一個新的非線性三維太陽發電機模型
  2. The huge energy - momentum of particles can be transformed into thermal energy by accelerator experiment at high energy to study perturbative vacuum of quantum chromodynamics and determine the signal of quark - gluon plasma

    在實驗上，人們通過相對論性重離子碰撞實驗把巨大的動能轉化為熱能，來研究量子色動力學的微擾真空及其所預言的夸克?膠子等離子體。
  3. The temperature effect which has been calculated is taken as " thermal load " forced on the body, then such thermal stress is settled as general elasticity mechanics question ; secondly, the thermal stress is taken as " surface force " forced on the body, and the new system stiffness is formed which include the extra stiffness matrix, then it changes the nature frequency of the structure

    首先，這篇論文介紹溫度場和熱應力場的有限元方法，建立了三維熱傳導模型計算有溫度場產生的熱應力，計算熱應力時運用了一種轉化思維：將溫度處理為「溫度載荷」 ，這樣就能用彈性力學問題的處理方法來求解熱應力。其次，將熱應力作為結構的「面內力」 ，而面內力產生附加的幾何剛度矩陣，改變了結構的剛度，影響了結構的固有頻率。
  4. In addition, the dynamic equation about ammonia fertilizer affected by interaction of water and temperature is gotten. 3. the phenomenon about water vaporization - induced ammonia volatilizing is verified, and it is studied quantitatively

    此外，通過回歸分析還建立了表徵施入土壤中尿素轉化為銨態氮的動力學型方程，其參數均與土壤水分、溫度有關，並得到這些參數的水熱耦合效應關系式。
  5. The pilot fuel model has been given to calculate the distribution of the liquid fuel and time of fuel pre - combustion, at the same time, analyzing the important action to the combustion of the natural gas in the combustion chamber of engine, determining the best quantity of pilot fuel. the explosive combustion model has been established to compute the pressure of the cylinder during the combustion, determining the main influence factors. the emission model has been established to forecast the co, nox emission

    理論方面，提出了基於化學反應的燃燒模型?多組分氣相反應系統的化學反應動力學模型，以此進行雙燃料發動機的熱力學?化學反應動力計算；引燃油燃燒模型，計算引燃油液滴的分佈規律和滯燃期，驗證引燃油在雙燃料發動機燃燒過程中的作用，揭示不同噴油規律對雙燃料發動機的影響，確定在不同負荷下的合理引燃油量；爆震模型，揭示爆震與工質能量釋放間的關系和影響爆震的各種運轉因素，確定合理的爆震依據，減小爆震傾向。
  6. Ceramic fuel cells are electrochemical devices that directly convert fuels such as gasified coal or natural gas into electricity without the limitation of the carnot cycle ( an ideal thermodynamic cycle in which heat is taken onto a working fluid at a constant upper temperature and rejected at a constant lower temperature )

    陶瓷燃料電池是一種電氣化學裝置，能直接將煤氣、天然氣等燃料直接轉化為電能而不會受到卡諾循環（一種理想的熱力循環，熱量在恆定高溫下轉化成工作流體，在恆定低溫下被釋放）的限制。
  7. With the purpose of better understanding some weak links in this subject, we comprehensively and systematically compared the effects of some typical inhibitors and their different combined ways in inhibiting cd bioavailability in purple soil, further studied the laws and affecting factors of cd ' s transfer and transformation in soil - plant system, revealed the mechanisms inhibitors function, and explored the practicable inhibitor prescriptions and their usage. the results are expected to provide reliable techniques for controlling cd pollution of agricultural soils in chongqing and it is also significant to ameliorate soils polluted by other kinds of heavy metals. comprehensive methods including pot experiment, laboratory culture experiment, kinetic and thermodynamic adsorption - desorption experiment were adopted in this study, and the acidified purple soil was chosen to test, considering that cd is highly active in this soil

    本研究針對重慶市農業土壤的污染狀況，選取鎘活性較高的酸化紫色土為供試土壤，採用盆栽試驗、培養試驗、化學熱力學與動力學吸附試驗相結合的方法，系統研究和比較多種調控劑及其不同組合方式對鎘生物活性的效應，並揭示鎘在土壤?植物系統中的遷移轉化規律及影響因素，進一步分析調控劑的作用機理，探尋具有實際應用價值的調控劑配方及合理使用的方法，這不僅可以為重慶市農業土壤鎘污染的防治提供可靠的技術保障，而且對于其它重金屬污染的治理也有一定的理論意義。
  8. Cu - zn - cr - zr conducting bar alloy and cu - cr - zr end ring alloys used for superpower asynchronous traction motor rotor were prepared by ingot metallurgy. using hardness measurement, tensile test at room and higher temperature, electrical resistance test at room and higher temperature, optical microscopy, xrd, sem, and tem, the mechanical and electric properties and the microstructure of above alloys at different treatment were studied. them were also analysed and explained in theory

    採用鑄錠冶金法制備了大功率異步牽引電動機轉子用導條合金和端環合金，通過硬度測試、室溫拉伸、高溫拉伸、電導率測定、金相分析、 xrd 、 sem 、 tem等方法研究了不同加工工藝和熱處理工藝對上述合金力學性能、導電性能及其組織結構的影響和變化規律，並從理論上進行了分析和解釋。
  9. The transfer and conversion equations of kinetic, chemical, pressure ( strain ) and thermal energy, which are commonly used in engineering, were given

    利用這個普遍化方程導出了在工程領域常見的動能、化學能、壓能和熱能傳遞和轉換的動力學分解關系。
  10. The dynamics equations of soil water vaporizing and ammonia volatilizing hcluding the factors of water and temperature, and the dynamics - like equation of urea transforming into ammonium nitrogen in soil are founded in the paper, by taking the effect of interaction of water and temperature as subject, the dynamic change character of object studied as basis and using principle of chemical dynamic ; the empirio - equations of soil water retention curve including temperature and the empirio - equations including temperature between water potential of millet seedling leaves and soil water are founded in order to make the equation of relation between water potential and water content in soil suit the demand of temperature change much better

    本文以水熱耦合效應為主題，基於研究對象的動態變化特徵，應用化學動力學原理，建立了含水、熱因子以及水熱耦合效應的土壤水分蒸發、肥料氨揮發動力學方程，以及施入土壤中的尿素轉化為銨態氮的動力學型方程；為使水勢?含水量關系式更好適應變溫條件應用的要求，建立了含溫度因子直接表徵土壤持水曲線的經驗方程，以及含溫度因子的穀苗葉水勢與土壤含水量關系經驗方程。
  11. With the engineering thermophysics subject as a main theory basis, the boiler, the steam turbine, the internal combustion engine and the other new, being developed power machinery and system as the research object, the application of engineering thermodynamics ， heat transfer, computer system control theory, environmental science, microelectronics technology, energy - saving technology and other knowledge ， study the process and the basic law of fuels chemical energy and liquid kinetic energy to converse to the power securely and efficiently and low ( or no ) impurely ; study the energy conversion process systems and technology of equipment automatic control ; study the producing mechanism and emission control technology of combustion pollutants ; study energy - saving technologies and the development of new energy technologies

    熱能工程是以工程熱物理學科為主要理論基礎，以鍋爐、汽輪機、內燃機和正在發展中的其它新型動力機械及系統為研究對象，運用工程熱力學、傳熱學、計算機自動控制理論、環境科學、微電子技術、節能技術等學科的知識，研究燃料的化學能和液體的動能安全、高效、低（或無）污染地轉換成動力的基本規律和過程；研究能量轉換過程中的系統和設備的自動控制技術；研究燃燒污染物生成機理與排放控制技術；研究節能技術與新能源的開發技術。
  12. Only on rare occasions do the thermodynamics work ; the fluid motions and the magnetic field all evolve in a compatible manner, so the new dipole polarity can diffuse in and establish a reversed magnetic field

    只有在很少的情況下熱力學才發揮作用，此時流體運動和磁場都會以相互訪調的方式演化，這樣新的偶極性就會散開並建立一個倒轉的磁場。
  13. Studying the heat - mass transfer and multi - spices electric - chemical reaction, a dynamic temperature model was deduced for molten - carbonate fuel cell stack. the thermal radiation, shift reaction, and the change of gas spices were considered in this model. establishing momentum equation, the paper has developed a 3d temperature and flow fields model for mcfc stack based on cfd technique

    建立了熔融碳酸鹽燃料電池堆內部單體的暫態溫度模型，並考慮了電堆的輻射換熱、轉換反應、反應氣體組分變化對溫度場的影響；根據mcfc的微分控制方程組，考慮氣體組分的熱力學性質及動量變化的影響，利用數值分析方法求解熔融碳酸鹽燃料電池堆的三維流場與溫度場，分析了各作用因素對熔融碳酸鹽燃料電池堆溫度分佈的影響機制。
  14. This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

    本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。
  15. This change is a break when the outside conditions exceed a threshold value with gradually variety. the break is equal to the non - equilibrium phase transition in thermodynamics. ( 6 ) there are two kinds of stable channels

    河型轉化是在外界條件緩慢變化過程中，超過某一臨界值而發生的突變，這種突變相當于熱力學中的非平衡相變，是由某些參數的漸變引起的從量變到質變的一個過程。
  16. The essence of photocatalysis should be the conversion and storage of solar energy. the character of photocatalytic should be electron transformation. and the theory mode was raised hi this paper, the transformation of light - induced - electrons formed two

    而後，又應用熱力學和電化學理論對該理論模型進行了詳細的分析，推導出公式（ 6一3一19 ） ，說明了光能一電勢能一化學能轉化的具體過程和關系。
  17. Thermodynamics second laws are to describe the quantity of heat delivery direction ' s : well - regulated motion of molecule mechanical energy can change the thermal energy being that the molecule has no regulation motion completely ; the thermal energy can not change into mechanical energy completely but

    熱力學第二定律是描述熱量的傳遞方向的：分子有規則運動的機械能可以完全轉化為分子無規則運動的熱能；熱能卻不能完全轉化為機械能。
  18. Thermodynamics the first laws are conservations of energy law, say namely the energy simplely being able to not create something out of nothing, also unable intangible disappear, the energy can change from one kind of form being that another kind of form, the general energy are invariable in nature

    熱力學第二定律是描述熱量的傳遞方向的：分子有規則運動的機械能可以完全轉化為分子無規則運動的熱能；熱能卻不能完全轉化為機械能。
  19. Through the analysis of the evolution of the microstructure, the honey comb at the grain boundary and the pool in the grain, furthermore according to the phase change thermodynamic and kinetics, the conclusions of the globalization mechanism and the reheating parameters were drawn as follows. 1

    通過對半固態再結晶和半固態熔化過程中的組織轉變、晶界蜂巢及晶內液池現象的分析，結合相變熱力學和動力學原理，提出sima法制備鎂合金半固態球狀化組織的形成機制及工藝參數。
  20. Abstract : the equilibrium constant of carbonization reaction of lime white was calculated using three thermodynamics methods. the results indicate that the carbonization reaction of lim white was the neutralization reaction between acid and alkali first, and it was the transform reaction of precipitation second. the essential cognition of the carbonization reaction of lime white was deepend. it was of guiding significance for industrial production of light ( precipitation ) calcium carbonate

    文摘:用3種熱力學方法計算了石灰乳碳化反應的平衡常數，結果表明，石灰乳的碳化反應首先是酸堿的中和反應，其次才是沉澱的轉化反應，從而加深了對石灰乳碳化反應本質的認識，對輕質（沉澱）碳酸鈣的工業生產有指導意義
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