環境法學概論 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [huánjìngfǎxuégàilún]
環境法學概論 英文
introduction to environmental law
  • 環 : Ⅰ名詞1 （環子） ring; hoop 2 （環節） link 3 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞（圍繞） surround; encircle;...
  • 境 : 名詞1 （疆界; 邊界） border; boundary 2 （地方; 區域） place; area; territory 3 （境況; 境地） co...
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 學 : Ⅰ動詞1 （學習） study; learn 2 （模仿） imitate; mimic Ⅱ名詞1 （學問） learning; knowledge 2 （學...
  • 概 : Ⅰ名詞1 （大略） general outline 2 （神氣） manner of carrying and conducting oneself; deportment ...
  • 論 : 論名詞（記錄孔子及其門徒的言行的「論語」） the analects of confucius
  • 環境 : environment; surroundings; circumstances; ambient; closeness; ambience; ambiance; atmosphere
  • 法學 : law; the science of law; jurisprudence法學博士 doctor of laws; 法學概論 general jurisprudence; 法...
  • 概論 : （多用於書名: 概括的論述） outline; introduction; survey: 《化學概論》 an introduction to chemistry
  1. Eight aspects related to the study of early precambrian metamorphic stratigraphy are dealt with in this paper : general situation of the study ; complexity of the stratigraphy and difficulties of the study ; thoughts and methods of the study ; division of rock suite, rock group and complex rock ; researches on important regional discordances ; types and characteristics of protolith and recovery of palaeoenvironment ; correct differentiation of the metamorphic strata, ttg rock system and other metamorphic plutonic rocks ; determination of the ages of the metamorphic strata

    摘要主要論述了與早前寒武紀變質地層（學）有關的8個方面的問題：早前寒武紀變質地層的研究概況；早前寒武紀變質地層的復雜性和研究難度；早前寒武紀變質地層研究的思路和工作方法；早前寒武紀變質巖石地層單位巖群、巖組和雜巖的劃分問題；重要區域性不整合的研究；鑒定變質地層的原巖類型、巖石性質和恢復古環境；正確區分變質地層和ttg巖系以及其他變質深成巖；變質地層時代的確定。
  2. The author of this thesis firstly focuses on the analysis on the objective with which the environmental law mainly deals and then by the way of investing several important concepts of nomology to pay attention to the whole study of the legal activity on environment and to explore the core problem in the legislation of environment, that is, the content involving in the citizen ' s rights on environment

    理論上的混亂狀況嚴重影響了環境法律的發展。筆者從環境法律調整對象的分析入手，通過環境法理學中的幾個重要概念，關注環境立法活動的整體分析，探討環境立法中的核心問題?公民的環境權利涉及的有關內容。
  3. Through the analysis of inherent characteristics of information technology, the function of it integration with course teaching, as well as the orientation of balanced educative reforms, this research delivered a potential tool to further promote the effective allocation of remote teaching resources. this paper also elaborates how to apply it functions in actual teaching practices, so as to improve students ’ enthusiasm, creativeness, independence thinking, and their general competitiveness. the implementation of information technology and courses integration will undoubtedly induce the evolutions in areas of resources allocation, course implementation, teaching evaluation and learning method transformation, and accelerate the reform and development of the whole education industry

    針對這些問題，本文以信息時代特徵為背景環境，以信息技術與課程教學整合現狀為鋪墊，在闡述相關概念和理論依據的基礎上，結合信息技術的教學功能特點及教學案例，研究信息技術與課程教學整合的基本指導思想、方法和途徑，旨在探索、總結信息技術與學科教學有效整合的模式、支撐教學資源及軟體的體系架構及建設方法，形成可借鑒、可操作的有效整合程序體系，為中小學教師開展有效整合提供具有引領性的、容易接受的操作規程，尤其是為農村中小學校有效利用遠程教育資源推進新課改，實現教育均衡發展提供有效的方法。
  4. The second chapter studies the economy of ship ' s power plants, based on the aspects of lowering fuel cost, waste heat recovery, the match of ship, machinery and propeller, increasing propulsion efficiency, increasing the economy of ship ' s power plants, etc. the third chapter discusses in detail the control measures of voyage change cost, analysizes systematically the voyage change cost based on the way of fuel cost, harbor cost, voyage venture cost. the fourth chapter studies the structures and control measures of seafarers cost, maintenance cost, spare parts and stores cost, lubricating oil cost, etc. which are relatively easy to be controlled ; based on the state maintenance decision - making, a mathematical model is put forward, the validity and its solve process are discussed. the control measures of spare parts, fuel cost and lubricating oil cost should be based on scientific budget, through the control means of application, reception, usage, store check, try to acquire the inosculation of theory

    第一章主要討論營運船舶運輸成本，對船舶運輸成本的概念、結構、性質與分攤、成本細分進行了分析，從宏觀上闡明了船舶運輸成本的生存環境和生長趨勢；第二章研究了船舶動力裝置的經濟性，在營運船舶降低油耗、廢熱利用、船機槳匹配、提高推進效率、提高船舶動力裝置經濟性的有效途徑等方面進行了闡述和論證；第三章詳細論述並論證了航次變動成本的控制措施，全面系統地分析和總結了航次變動成本，通過對燃油成本、港口使費、航次風險成本的分析與控制，提出了航次風險成本的概念並論述了若干航次風險成本的控制措施；第四章對船舶營運成本中的船員費用控制、維修保養及其費用控制、船舶備件物料管理及其費用控制等幾個主要可控性較高的成本進行了細致的分析並分別討論了相互的控制措施，提出了基於狀態維修決策的馬爾可夫數學模型並論證了模型的正確性及具體解算步驟，對于備件、燃潤物料的控制堅持以科學的預算為前提，以申領、接收、使用、盤存為控制環節，切實做到理論與實踐的密切結合；第五章，結合營運成本的預核算的案例，對船舶營運成本的預算及核算進行了有益的探討，旨在揭示成本發生的動因，並給出了成本預算、核算的編制方法。
  5. The courses include politics, chinese, mathematics, english, information technology and application, physical education and health care, art appreciation, mechanical drafting, land laws, architectural drawing, land economy, ecology and environment, land measurement, land resources, microsoft office, land planning, overview of architecture, management of real estates, modern estate management, construction land, land statistics, etc

    開設有政治、語文、數學、英語、信息技術與應用、體育與保健、藝術欣賞、機械制圖、土地法學、建築制圖、土地經濟、生態與環境、土地測量、土地資源、辦公自動化、土地規劃、建築概論、房地產經營、現代物業管理、建設用地、土地統計等課程。
  6. The progress in recent years on general theory of ecologization for river engineering is summarized ; serial discontinuity concept, environmental flow methodologies and ecological - hydraulic engineering are expounded in detail ; problems existing in current research and distinction between home and abroad are analyzed ; direction for future research on ecologization for river engineering is forecasted

    摘要綜述了近年來河流工程生態化的基礎理論研究進展，詳述了序列不連續體概念、環境流量方法和生態水利工程學，分析了當前研究中存在的問題以及國內外的差距，展望了今後河流工程生態化的研究方向。
  7. Based on the current research achievements on durability under chloride environment, probability theory, structural reliability theory, concrete structures theory, neural network theory and structure dynamic theory are employed comprehensively in this dissertation. some problems of durability of reinforced concrete structures under chloride environment were studied through the exploitation of experimental data, the rule of chloride ingress and steel bar corrosion, the performance of corroded member, and residual life prediction. the main issues and results in this dissertation are as follows : 1 、 the probability method for the prediction of durable life based on the stipulated reliability index for concrete structures under chloride environment is presented in this dissertation

    本論文在國內外對氯離子侵蝕環境下混凝土結構耐久性研究成果的基礎上，綜合運用概率理論、結構可靠性理論、混凝土結構理論、神經網路理論、結構動力學理論等基本理論和方法，結合實際檢測數據，按照氯離子侵蝕、鋼筋銹蝕、銹蝕構件性能、銹蝕構件壽命預測的思路對氯離子侵蝕環境下鋼筋混凝土結構耐久壽命預測的有關問題進行了深入系統地研究，完成以下主要研究工作並取得相應成果: 1 、提出了氯離子侵蝕下基於規定可靠指標的混凝土結構耐久壽命的概率計算方法。
  8. In this thesis, some work has been done : fisrtly, based on the thorough investigation of the mechanism project, combining concept diagram, the literal description and the formula analysis together for programing motion of the robot ; secondly, according to soil mechanics principle and pressuremeter theories, the model which reflect the interaction force between robot and soil are founded ; thirdly, proceed the analysis and solution ; using virtual prototyping software - adams to optimize the mechanism model and analyze the mechanics ; furthermore compared the analysis calculation result of the above both side, we verify the possibility that the robot dig hole and move in soil ; finally, construction model is consummated based on the optimized result, the mechanism motion and the simulation animation of whole harmonious motion is fulfilled by three dimension simulation software - 3dmax

    論文的主要工作有：首先，在對機構方案進行了深入研究的基礎上，以概念圖標表示、文字描述和公式分析相結合的研究方法對機器人進行了運動規劃；其次，根據土力學原理和旁壓理論建立了機器人在土質環境下的受力模型並進行了分析求解；然後，藉助于虛擬樣機軟體adams對機構模型進行優化和力學分析；除此之外，通過對上述兩方面分析計算結果的比較，驗證了該機器人在土質環境下拱洞和蠕動爬行的可行性；最後，在優化結果基礎上進一步完善了結構模型，通過三維模擬軟體3dmax實現了機構運動和整體協調運動動畫的模擬。
  9. The discussion of cultural construction mode in baibuting community is developed as following : the first part presents author ' s motivation in carrying out the research, defining some concepts and introducing a few common modes of cultural construction in urban communities. the second part is a detailed description of fundamental ideas and content, advocating the notion of " human oriented, moral centered, law abiding, trying to creating a modern community with the capacity of sustainable development ", introducing its unique homestead culture. the third part sets forth the innovation of community culture construction modes in baibuting community : in order to create a, human - oriented community culture, establish a peaceful and content environment for the socialism ideology, the baibuting community made innovation on community management system ; by the analysis of the occupational statistics and object groups, the author found out that most of residents come from the middle class ; then, the author gives the definition of middle class and its general features in a sociological perspective ; finally, the thesis analyses the characteristics of the community residents " pursuit of culture and the harmonious development of community culture in aspects like value system, consumption habits, cultural needs

    本文通過理論學習，對百步亭花園社區文化建設的模式進行了探索研究，在現狀調查過程中，筆者發現百步亭的社區文化建設之所以成功，除了開發商和物業管理中心的組織建設外，還有小區居民的積極參與合作，三者密不可分，而這又與居民所屬的階層文化訴求密切相關，於是，本文就百步亭社區文化建設模式作了論述，思路如下：文章的第一部分：提出本文研究的緣起，並對一些與本文有關的概念作了界定，還介紹了幾種城市社區文化建設的一般模式；文章的第二部分：介紹百步亭花園社區文化建設模式的基本思想和內容，提出了「以人為本、以德為魂、以法為行，努力創造可持續發展的現代文明社區」的口號，並介紹了其獨具特色的家園文化；文章的第三部分：對百步亭社區文化建設模式的創新作了論述：百步亭社區為了營造以人為本的社區文化，構建社區安居樂業工程，為社會主義思想道德體系提供良好的社會文化環境，在社區管理體制上作了創新；還通過對百步亭社區居民的職業統計，來源群體，分析出其從屬的社會階層主要是社會的中間階層；再次，從社會學角度，定義了中間階層及一般特徵；最後從價值觀、認同感，消費觀念、文化需求等方面，分析了其文化訴求的特徵和與社區文化的協調發展；文章的第四部分：從整合功能和導向功能兩方面總結了百步亭社區文化建設的社會效應；並對百步亭社區文化建設模式的不足提出了意見和建議。
  10. It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

    論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。
  11. The author wants to look forward to the latest trend of development in this field by studying the theoretic and practical achievement in information retrieval language both at home and abroad in the time of internet. this paper is made up of five parts. the first part analyses the effects of information retrieval language in network condition ; the second part introduces the achievements in electronic traditional classification and the using of traditional classification in network and in information retrieval tool ; the third part introduces the achievements in electronic traditional subject and the using of traditional subject in network and in information retrieval tool ; the forth part is about natural language processing and natural language retrieval which includes basic principles of natural language processing and the using of information retrieval ; finally, the author points out that the new development of information retrieval language includes metadata and the integration of the classification - subject - natural language

    本文主要研究網路環境下信息檢索語言的發展，主要內容包括五部分：第一部分分析了網路環境對信息檢索語言的影響；第二部分是網路環境下分類檢索語言的應用，包括傳統分類法電子化及在網路上的應用，網路信息檢索工具中的應用；第三部分是網路環境下主題檢索語言的應用，包括傳統敘詞表電子化及在網路上的應用，在網路信息檢索工具中的應用；第四部分是自然語言處理與自然語言檢索，包括自然語言處理的基本原理及在信息檢索中的應用，國內外自然語言檢索進展；作者在論文最後指出，在網路環境下信息檢索語言新發展有：元數據研究；分類-主題-自然語言一體化，分析國外一體化系統實例：一體化醫學語言系統umls ，國內一體化系統實例： 《中國財經報刊數據庫》檢索系統；並指出學科?事物概念組配型檢索語言是理想發展模式。
  12. Comprehensively applied environment economics and industrial economics, the paper gives the definition and model of modern water economy, and analyses the present situation of water resources in china especially in wuhan, emphasizing on the market mechanism of water environment protection in wuhan. the paper is divided into five parts on the whole. 1

    本文綜合運用產業經濟學和資源環境經濟學等學科的理論，運用規范研究與實證研究相結合的方法，在對中國水資源狀況、尤其是武漢市水資源保護狀況進行研究的基礎上，提出了現代水經濟的概念和現代水經濟模型，並研究了武漢市水資源及水環境保護市場化機制。
  13. This thesis analyses and studies the status quo and challenges of the auto fire direction system, keeping footing on the regional war under hi - tech conditions and integrating the practical applications in troops " training and operations. in accordance with the analytical results, iayer - analysis methods have been employed to establish the assessment system and probability statistics as well as fuzzy comprehensive mathematical correction judgment method used to establish the digital model to assess the combat efficiency of the auto fire direction system. by applying that assessment model, the combat efficiency of one artillery auto fire direction system under different operational conditions index capability can be assessed

    本文針對炮兵指揮自動化系統，立足高技術條件下的局部戰爭，結合部隊實際作戰訓練的使用調查情況，分析研究炮兵指揮自動化系統的現狀，依據分析結果，文中運用層次分析法建立評估指標體系，然後運用概率統計、模糊綜合量化修正評判等理論和方法建立評估炮兵指揮自動化系統作戰效能的數學模型；運用該模型評估某型炮兵指揮自動化系統在不同作戰環境條件下的作戰效能，通過評估結果，對炮兵指揮自動化系統的發展方向及在渡海登島、封島作戰中的使用提出合理化的建議。
  14. The thesis consist of six chapters and based on the way of propose the question, analysis, then get the solution. it discussed and recognized what the ship transportation cost was in chapter one ; studied the environment and growing trend of the cost in chapter two ; fully discussed and demonstrated the voyage variable costs and controlling method, proposed a mathematic decision model of fuel supplying and get through the validation, proposed the concept of risking cost and addressing many controlling measures to it in chapter three ; discussed a certain running costs, proposed and validated a mathematic model of condition - based maintenance, and put forward many practical controlling method of running costs such as crew payment, repairs, spare parts, stores and lub oils in chapter four ; combining a case of monthly running cost budget and verification, performed a useful learning on running cost budget, forecast and verification in chapter five ; finally fully studied the method of cost - calculating and benefit - analyzing of time chartering container ships on a proposed route

    第一章主要討論並認清什麼是船舶運輸成本；第二章研究了船舶運輸成本的生存環境和生長趨勢；第三章詳細論述並論證了航次變動成本的控制措施，提出了燃油補給方案的決策模型並給出了模型的驗證過程，提出了航次風險成本的概念並論述了若干航次風險成本的控制措施；第四章對船舶營運成本中的船員費用、維修保養費用、備件、潤物料費用等幾個主要的可控性較高的成本進行了細致的分析並分別討論了相應的控制措施，提出了基於狀態維修決策的數學模型並論證了模型的正確性及具體解算步驟，對于備件、潤物料的控制堅持以科學的預算為前提，以申領、接收、使用、盤存為控制環節，切實做到理論與實踐的密切結合；第五章結合營運成本的預核算的案例，對船舶運輸營運成本的預算及核算進行了有益的探討；第六章結合具體案例對期租班輪的成本測算與效益分析方法進行了細致的研究。
  15. It ' s the first time clearly and systematically to present the concepts of restraint influence coefficient of steel to strain increment, to curvature increment and to deflection increment due to creep which are different each other. theoretical formulae are established, and approximate formulae are also obtained while considering the characteristics of common - used concrete and ambient condition of real bridges in china. so, an approximate restraint influence coefficient method to analyze the effect due to creep and shrinkage in pc bridges is put forward, and the equations to estimate second - force due to creep considering influence of steel in system - transferred continuous pc bridges is also established

    本文首次清晰而系統地提出了鋼筋對徐變的不同效應（徐變應變、徐變曲率、徐變上拱）約束影響系數的概念，建立了相應的計算式；結合我國普遍採用的混凝土的徐變特性和橋梁的構造特點及工作中南大學博士學位論文摘要環境特徵，給出了具有較高計算精度的實用計算式;在此基礎上，建立了橋梁徐變效應近似分析的鋼筋約束影響系數法，並推導出了考慮鋼筋影響的超靜定梁徐變次內力的近似計算式，可方便地應用於橋梁研究和設計中。
  16. Researching on the technology if reverse order is to study strains if pits, structural systems if basement, environmental surwey and underpinnings. on account of emphasizing developing methods if checking strength if pick - ets, modemizing machenes of excavation and studying methods of underpinning is put forward and is a way if controlling the quality of pickets in sites, which leads an active effect ; synthetic application if rankintheory, spatial and time effect theory to excavation tl aanalyze the state of soil force and strain is brought forward and the time effect should be considered in the zone of clay, the formation and development of soil plasticity are analyzed and the most dangerous zone to decide how to excavate and where to begin is found ; analyzing the cause of picket settlement during reverse order and the differential settlement and discussing hlw to solute it. duringh the temporary survey and the environmental warship, bringing rorward the theory of environmental vibration and analyzing the state of soil force and probability of losing stabilization of soil under the effect of environmental vibration ; analyzing the state offeree in underground concrete wall by the method of mathematics and pointing out the place of the maximum force and deformation. based on systematic illustrating the reverse order, problems about application and development of reverse order and suggestions also are expressed

    鑒于國內外的研究把重點放在大力發展工程樁的實驗室承載力監測方法與設備、如何使土方開挖機械現代化及對周圍建築的臨測方法上，本文提出了現場利用聲波層析成像技術監測鋼砼樁內部質量的方法與程序，並得出了聲波層析成像技術是砼樁的動態質量檢測的有效手段，這對指導施有積極、現實意義；提出了綜合運用朗肯土壓力理論、基坑空間和時間效應影響理論來分析逆作法施工過程中基坑邊坡土體應力及應變的變化情況，指出粘土地區也應考慮時間效應，並且進一步分析了基坑邊坡土體的塑性區形成和發展，找出邊坡最不利的區域，以確定地下室土體的挖掘的方式和順序，指出憑主觀臆斷與經驗來施工是不可取的；在分析、經較逆作法與大開挖順作法的地下室結構體系受力情況及施工順序的不同，提出了節點處理技術；分析了逆作法施工期間樁的沉降變化原因及由此而產生的差異，並探討了解決的方法；本文還提出了環境振動對土體邊坡穩定產生影響的觀點，並分析了在環境振動影響下，土體的應力狀態及土休失穩破壞概率，並且還運用彈性力學知識和數學分析的方法定量地分析了地下混凝土墻受力狀態，指出了被監測墻體的最大應力、應變位置。
  17. Secondly, it begins to explore the vital effect of the early - warning system in survival development for it industry in fujian, besides the characteristics, precondition, building process, structure and function. thirdly, it establishes an index system, which includes a constraint layer of three constraint factors, such as industrial science and technology, industrial economics and industrial circumstance, and 19 indexes. in order to ascertain the dividing lines of alarming situation, it introduces the concept of subordinate degree

    論文首先提出福建省電子信息產業可持續發展理論，在此基礎上，探索預警系統在可持續發展中的重要作用，分析電子信息產業可持續發展預警系統的特徵、建立的前提條件、構建過程及其結構和功能；然後構建一套由產業科技、產業經濟和產業環境三個約束因子構成的約束層，及由19個指標構成的福建省電子信息產業可持續發展預警系統指標體系，並引入模糊數學的隸屬度概念，將預警界限的確定轉化為相應隸屬度的確定，預警結果的輸出採用紅、黃、綠三色信號燈顯示系統法；最後用1995 - 2001年福建電子信息產業的相關統計數據對所建立的福建省電子信息產業可持續發展預警系統進行實例驗證。
  18. The full text divides into six chapters, the first chapter summarizes background, the research goal and the significance, the concept and the research scope, the research technique and the research frame of the city water body environment design ; second chapter from close relation of the human and the water 、 the city and the water, analyzes in the urban development the environment change of city water body, discusses the question and the related theory of city water body environment ; third chapter carries on the limits to the goal and the object of city water body environment design, and carried on the classification to the city water body from the angle which molds the city water body environment, and elaborates the principle of city water body environment design ; fourth chapter from the urban ecology angle, with the aid of discipline of research method and the analysis method of hydrology, construction engineering and so on, discusses the ecological engineering of the city water body environment, and the environment molds method of ecology water body ; fifth chapter proposes the systematic environment molds method of city water body space

    全文分為六章，第一章簡述城市水體環境設計的背景、研究目的和意義、概念和研究范圍、研究方法和研究框架;第二章從人與水、城市與水的密切關系，分析城市發展中城市水體環境的變化，探討城市水體環境的問題和相關理論;第三章對城市水體環境設計的目標和對象進行界定，並從城市水體環境塑造的角度對城市水體進行了分類，並闡述城市水體環境設計的原則;第四章從城市生態學的角度，藉助水利學、土木工程學等學科的研究手段和分析方法，討論城市水體環境建構生態工程，及生態水體環境塑造的方法;第五章提出了較為系統的城市水體空間環境塑造的方法。第六章主要提出人文、經濟對城市水體環境塑造的影響。
  19. Based on the positive studies of national level htdz in northwest, under the instruction of system science, using regional development theory, this paper tried to analyze the htdz problems, then provided some strategies for how the htdz should be cultivated and developed. the paper began with those outer conditions including the high technology concepts, the initiated factors of the htdz, development environment and work mechanism. moreover, this paper combined the positive investigations and system study as a method

    本文從高新技術的相關概念、高新技術產業開發區的激發因子、發展環境以及運行機制等條件出發，以西北地區國家級高新技術產業開發區的實證研究為基礎，運用系統科學和區域發展理論，採用實地調查和系統分析相結合的辦法，剖析了西北地區高新技術產業開發區存在的問題，在此基礎上提出了西北地區高新技術產業開發區如何培育與發展的對策。
  20. Abstract : concepts of probability importance and probability sensitivity of sectional constraints of rc frame structure are put forward and studied in this paper, and their calculation methods are given based on the failure correlation and the achievements on reliability of structural system under minor and strong environment hazard respectively. the conclusions of this paper provide a scientific basis for the disaster - resistant maintenance strategy before and after earthquakes, enhancing the reliability of decision - making for the strengthening of existing structure

    文摘:探討了鋼筋混凝土框架結構截面約束的概率重要度及概率靈敏度概念，利用失效相關性及結構體系可靠度方面的研究成果，給出了鋼筋混凝土框架結構中各個截面效應約束分別在弱災害和強災害環境下的概率靈敏度與概率重要度的計算方法，所得結論可以為在役結構在地震前的預防性維修加固決策及震后結構的維修加固決策提供科學依據，從而提高了在役結構加固決策的可靠性
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