直線法確認 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zhíxiànfǎquèrèn]
直線法確認 英文
straight-line recognition
  • 直 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （成直線的; 硬挺的） straight; stiff 2 （跟地面垂直的; 從上到下的; 從前到后的） erect; v...
  • 線 : 名詞1 （用絲、棉、金屬等製成的細長的東西） thread; string; wire 2 [數學] （一個點任意移動所構成的...
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 確 : 形容詞1. （符合事實; 真實） true; reliable; authentic 2. （堅固; 堅定） firm
  • 認 : 動詞1 （認識; 分辨） recognize; know; make out; identify 2 （建立關系） enter into a certain rela...
  • 直線 : 1. （不彎曲的線） straight line2. （急劇的） steep; sharp
  • 確認 : affirm; confirm; acknowledge; identification; corroboration
  1. It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

    論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。
  2. The dissertation emphasize : the legal relations of taxation is defined by taxation laws, developed during taxpayer nation and collection power, during which is the rights and duties " of them ; it is made up of four legal relations of taxation between the three main parts ; therefore, the core content of taxation basic law is the design about rights and duties of tax collection and payment, and those should be regulated as parts of laws during the taxation basic law

    本文認為，稅收法律關系是由稅法確認和調整的，在國家稅收活動中各方當事人之間形成的，具有權利義務內容的社會關系；稅收法律關系是由三方主體間的四重法律關系所組成，其基本內容是征納雙方的權利和義務；其本質屬性是平等性。鑒於此，作為以稅收法律關系為調整對象的稅收基本法，其核心內容應是對征納雙方權利義務的設定；稅收基本法應以征納權利義務關系為線索來組織完整的邏輯結構，並將征納主體的權利義務直接在稅收基本法中明確規定。
  3. Straight - line recognition

    直線法確認
  4. Engineering drawing has always been labeled as a practical subject. a combination of geometrical, building. mechanical and electrical drawing, it relates between theory and the picture of reality. engineering drawing will provide an accurate and complete ptcture for every object tn terms of shapes and sizes. usually, it is taught using the face - to - face teaching mode even in an odl environment. due to its nature, some students may find difficulty in imagining and interpreting the drawings. however, the availability of sophisticated technology provides the opportunity for the learning of engineering drawing to be enhanced via online. a web - based system for teaching and learning engineering drawing was developed based on a constructivism model. the web - based system is tailored for several topics of engineering drawing such as orthographic projection, sectional view, isometric and oblique drawing at the secondary level. the learning strategy consists of multiple phases beginning with introduction, concept learning, engineering drawing method, application and exercises. during introduction, students will be exposed to an overview of the topic followed by learning of specific concepts. the system provides a learning environment that allows engineering students to view objects from different angles, such as third angle projection and first angle projection as well as views of plans, side and front elevations. after learning about the concepts, students wilt be guided through the various steps in drawing methods for each topic via animations and simulations. learners are able to view any section repeatedly. examples of real application of engineering drawings were also given using graphic, animations and video. to evaluate students understanding, exercises were given at the end of each session

    工程制圖一直被認為是一門實踐性學科，其整合了幾何學、建築、力學、電子制圖等，從而將理論與現實圖像聯系起來，工程制圖能為每個不同形狀、尺寸的物體提供精確的、完整的圖像.通常，即使在開放與遠程教育環境中，工程制圖的教學也是通過面對面的教學模式來進行的.由於其特殊性，一些學習者可能難以想象並解釋這些圖像.然而，尖端的技術使得可以通過在線的方式加強工程制圖的學習.研究者基於建構主義模式開發了一個面向工程制圖教學和學習的網路系統.該系統適用於幾種工程制圖，例如展開圖、刻面圖、等角圖和斜角圖.學習過程包括導論、概念學習、工程制圖方法，以及應用與練習等階段.在導論階段，系統為學習者提供了專題簡介，然後是概念學習階段.系統所提供的學習環境允許工程專業的學生從三維透視、一維透視、平面圖、側立面、正立面等不同角度來觀察物體.經過概念學習階段后，系統將引導學生通過動畫和模擬學習每個專題中制圖方法的不同步驟，學習者也能重復觀察任何剖面.另外，還通過圖像、動畫和視頻等方式展示真實的工程制圖應用案例.最後，為了評價學生的理解能力，在每部分內容後面都附有相關的練習
  5. Firstly, this paper summarizes modern weaponry stealth technology at home and abroad, and lays special emphasis on analyzing stealth problem of cruise missile ’ s guidance head cover, aerocraft radar canopy and other privileged sites. secondly it makes a research on related theories of transparent metallic mesh that applied to missile ’ s guidance head cover and aerocraft radar canopy, and deduces relational expression between transparent metallic mesh structural parameters and radar wave - shielding efficiency, infrared transmitting. we use laser direct writing technique to fabricate a metallic mesh ( dimension : 70mm 70mm ; line width : 5 m ; period : 350 m ) on glass surface, then do experiment to test radar wave - shielding of metallic mesh via radar transmitting and receiving device

    本文首先綜述了國內外現代武器系統隱身技術方法;重點對巡航導彈導引頭罩和飛機雷達艙罩等特殊部位的隱身問題進行了研究，研究了金屬網柵用於導彈頭罩和飛機雷達艙罩隱身的相關理論，推導了金屬網柵結構參數對雷達波屏蔽效率和透紅外關系式;用激光直寫工藝，在玻璃表面上製作了一塊面積為70mm 70mm ，線寬為5 m ，線周期為350 m的金屬網柵;在實驗室里用雷達發射和接收裝置測試了網柵對雷達波的屏蔽實驗;認為利用金屬網柵技術對雷達波具有一定的屏蔽作用，而且不影響精確制導的紅外線高效透過。
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