相對比例尺 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [xiāngduìchǐ]
相對比例尺 英文
relative scale
  • : 相Ⅰ名詞1 (相貌; 外貌) looks; appearance 2 (坐、立等的姿態) bearing; posture 3 [物理學] (相位...
  • : Ⅰ動詞1 (回答) answer; reply 2 (對待; 對付) treat; cope with; counter 3 (朝; 向; 面對) be tr...
  • : Ⅰ動詞1 (比較; 較量高下、 長短、距離、好壞等) compare; compete; contrast; match; emulate 2 (比...
  • : 尺名詞[音樂] (中國民族音樂音階上的一級 樂譜上用做記音符號 參看「工尺」) a note of the scale in ...
  • 相對 : 1. (面對面) opposite; face to face 2. (非絕對的) relative 3. (比較的) relatively; comparatively
  • 比例 : 1. (長度上縮小和放大的倍數) scale; scaling 2. (比率) proportion; ratio; proportionality
  1. Experiment results show : ? he theory and method of information content could play an important role in the case study on the accuracy and application of dem. ( 2 ) in the loess plateau area, there are much difference between 5m resolution dems of 1 : 10000 map scale and 25m resolution dems of 1 : 50000 map scale while gathering terrain characteristic information, and yet the spatial structure of dem error have discipline and measurability on statistics. ( ? the results could offer fundamentals and methods to people on their work to research the terrain information content of dems with different scale level

    研究結果顯示: 1 、地形信息容量的理論與方法于dem精度與應用適宜性的研究具有重要的作用; 2 、在黃土丘陵溝壑區,同1 : 1萬5米解析度的dem, 1 : 5萬25米解析度dem在提取地形特徵方面具有較大的差異,但誤差的量值與空間分佈具有統計上的規律性與可估算性; 3 、以上研究結果可望為其它各級dem地形信息容量的研究提供新的理論基礎與技術方法,也可為有關規范、標準的制定提供依據。
  2. It is found that the electric, field improves elongations in 2090 and 2090 + ce alloys markedly, especially in 2090 alloy, but has little effect on strengths. at the same time, the electric field lessenes percentages of intergranular delamination and increases transgranular fracture and microscopic plastic deformation. besides, the electric field makes both average particle size and its distributing range of 8 " phase smaller, and reduces the half width of pfz in aged alloys

    研究表明:固溶電場可顯著提高2090合金及2090 + ce合金的延伸率,尤其是2090合金,但強度則無明顯的影響;同時,固溶電場減少合金的沿晶分層斷裂,並增加穿晶斷裂及微區塑性變形;固溶電場還使合金時效后顆粒的平均寸減小、寸分佈范圍減小,並使pfz的寬度減小。
  3. In order to study how the floor stiffnesses influence on the mega steel - frame structures, the results of mode 1 and mode 4 of example 1, and those of mode 2 and mode 3 of three examples are compared. some conclusions are obtained as follows : compared with beams and columns of the common steel - frame structures, the cross - sectional dimension of mega beams and mega columns in the main - frames of mega steel - frame structures are very large. because the mega structure system has great lateral stiffness and entirety work behavior, whether or not considering the floor stiffness has less influence on the entirety responses of the mega steel - frame structures and on the displacement and internal forces of columns of the mainframe, but larger influence on the response of columns of hypo - frame

    通過1方案1和方案4及算1 - 3方案2和方案3結構周期、位移和內力反應的較,研究了樓板剛度巨型鋼框架結構反應的影響,得到如下結論:與普通鋼框架的梁、柱,巨型鋼框架中主框架的巨型梁、巨型柱截面寸要大得多,並且由它們組成的這種超常規的大型結構具有巨大的抗側剛度和整體工作性能,因此,在地震作用下,考慮樓板剛度與否巨型鋼框架結構整體反應影響不大,主框架柱位移和內力反應影響也不大,但次框架位移和內力反應的影響較大。
  4. Taking the earth - rock dams with straight clay core constructed on thick moraine cover foundation and directly built on bed - rocks with the same sizes and the same materials for example, two - dimensional dynamic fem programme is used to contrast and analyze the static stress distribution and dynamic response difference of two types of high earth - rock dams in the intensive earthquake zones

    摘要以度和同材料的建造在深厚覆蓋層上直心墻土石壩和直接建設在基巖上的直心墻土石壩為,採用二維動力有限元程序和分析了強震區兩種高土石壩的靜應力分佈和動力反應的差異。
  5. Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants

    文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題,尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的,但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果,會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式,概述了它們遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑,來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結,這些技術可以用來在不同的時間度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化(瓶頸效應及種群擴張) .最後,我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂(膜翅目,癭蜂科,癭蜂族)一系列入侵的數據為一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間度上,多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 )遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢,支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 )入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群,遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映
  6. The traditional solution to the problem is to plot the forecast position of typhoon center and the ship ' s position on the < < typhoon position diagram > >, to pay much attention to the relative position between the ship and typhoon, and the tendency of their movements, to consider the affects of all kinds of factors and leave enough room, to use the plotting method of geometric relative motion to figure out the course which the ship should take to keep away from typhoon on the small scale chart

    傳統的解決辦法是,將臺風中心的預報位置和本船的船位點繪在《臺風位置標示圖》上,研究本船與臺風的位置以及互間動態的發展態勢,考慮各種因素的影響並留有充分餘地,在小海圖上用幾何運動標繪的方法作圖繪算出本船應採取的避臺航向。
  7. Abstract : in light of thicker grain and smaller viscosity of debris flow, a segmented simulation of the debris flow with flume is presented. for the first time. more difficult resistance similarity is brought about by geometric rate without excessive coarsing and discontinuous similarity of sand grain composition in model is eliminated with different grain scale. on this basis the density similarity and sand conveying similarity are achived. the method presented is verified through a model test case

    文摘:針水石流顆粒粗,粘性小的特點,提出了利用水槽進行分段模擬水石流的設想,首次通過幾何變率解決難度較大的阻力似問題,改變了以往過度加糙的方式;通過變粒徑的方法消除了模型沙級配不連續似的問題,較好地實現了固體物質級配似,達到了泥石流的密度似和輸沙似.通過水槽概化模型試驗實本方法進行了驗證
  8. The result of the calculation for tip clearance is reasonable when it is compared with theory. two ways are put forward for convention of dimension of the turbine components from high temperature to low one, which is related with tip clearance, a simple example is used to illuminate that the two ways are useful, using the method of design optimization, axiisk and a blade of a certain turhine is analysed, it showes that the method of design optimization is feasible to be used for convertion of dimension of the turbine components. finally, ansys software is used to analyzed the variation of tip clearance with the method of cyclic symmetry analysis when engine works under the conditions of temperature and rotational speed, am using a new method to deal with thermal contact resistance in the calculation

    本文完善了計算渦輪葉尖間隙的簡化演算法程序,增加了程序的計算功能,並將其應用於某高壓渦輪進行葉尖間隙分析,所得結果與理論結果進行了,得出修改後的程序用於葉尖間隙計算是合理的;同時提出了與葉尖間隙關的渦輪典型部件的冷、熱態的寸兩種換算方法,使用優化設計的方法進行了實分析,說明了所提出的計算方法是可行的;最後應用ansys有限元軟體利用循環稱的方法分析了某型發動機高壓渦輪在溫度場及離心力作用下的葉尖間隙在發動機工作過程中變化情況,並分析了計算中的接觸熱阻的處理問題。
  9. The paper would make a study of construction data frame of large - scale ugis in order to make a sound theoretical ground of the construction of digital city. in the paper, the author brought forward firstly of scheme of topologic coding on ugis classification and coding based on streets and administrative districts according to the existing national standards of ugis classification and coding and corresponding digital city " methods of classification and coding

    在參照國家現有的城市地理信息分類與編碼標準和應的數字城市分類與編碼方案的基礎上,針城市地理信息系統城市地理信息分類與編碼的要求,作者首創性的提出了綁定式的城市地理信息分類體系與拓撲編碼方案。
  10. The computations are shown to agree well with available experimental and numerical data and the physics of 3d large - scale flow separations and vortex shedding are confirmed. the simulation of the flow around a maneuvering wigley hull is a demonstration of capability for calculations of sway forces and yaw moments acting on a hull moving obliquely at a large range of yaw angles. the focus of study is large - scale cross - section separation flows, bilge - vortex development along the hull in the longitudinal direction and their effects on hydrodynamic forces

    應用所開發的求解器,以wigley船型為算計算了大角度斜航船體粘性流場和水動力,分析了漂角的變化船體所受到的粘性水動力的影響,當精確地預報了以橫流分離和般渦生成與泄出為特徵的操縱運動船體特有流動形態及橫向水動力和轉脂力矩,經與現有試驗和計算數據較,檢驗和驗證了該求解器精確模擬繞斜航運動船體的大度分離流動和計算非線性水動力的能力。
  11. First, based on a field large - scale dynamic soil - box foundation - frame structure interaction system in hunan university, a 3 - d finite element model and a 2 - d lumped mass model are established in this paper

    本文針湖南大學建立的野外大土-箱型基礎-框架結構動力互作用模型,首先建立了兩種分析計算模型:三維實體有限元模型和二維集中質量模型。
  12. On the basis of sand dividing and isochronous tracing correlation which is making in supershort - term cycle sequence, choose two layers of 11 and 35 as units to make isopach map of sand and isochronous depositional microfacies map in short time and big scale. comparison with the same work which was made by predecessor, the precision and degree of reliability of these maps is outstanding

    當超短期旋迴層序級別的砂層劃分和等時基礎上,選擇1 ~ 1和3 ~ 5兩砂層為編圖單元編制大短時間度的砂體等厚圖和等時沉積微圖,並與前人所編的同類圖件進行較,突出了本文所編圖件的精度及可靠程度。
  13. When the performance degradation is caused by the discrete cumulative damages, the degradation failure model based on renewal process is proposed and used to analyze the reliability of metallized film pulse capacitors in the laser device. when the degradation process is continuous, two models based on wiener - einstein and gamma processes are presented respectively. because it is difficult to obtain an analytical expression of the failure model using the latter method, we present a failure model based on monte - carlo simulation

    根據該模型的特點,給出了基於參數回歸分析的統計推斷方法,分別提出基於危險模型的競爭失效分析方法和基於位置-度模型的競爭失效分析方法; ( 4 )于隨機失效閾值問題,研究並給出了失效標準下的退化失效模型和分析方法;強度退化的動態應力-強度干涉失效進行分析,提出了周期性應力作用下的動態應力-強度干涉失效可靠性模型和復合應力作用下動態應力-強度干涉失效可靠性模型。
  14. To facilitate comparisons between the trials, the relative ( proportional ) reduction of postoperative opioid administration and the relative reduction of postoperative pain were calculated on defined pain scales

    為了便於在各試驗間進行較,通過確定的疼痛度來計算的(成的)術后阿片類藥物需要的減少量以及術后疼痛的減少量。
  15. Referring to three kinds of plan irregularity, structures individually with four kinds of irregularity as eccentricity in one direction, eccentricities in two directions, re - entrant corner irregularity and diaphragm discontinuity have been analyzed to investigate the relationship between torsion effects and parameters of above irregular structures. the parameters and the schemes for determining the scope of structures with different kind of irregularity considering seismic action in two directions simultaneously are proposed, some conclusions have been get as following : it is indicated by the analysis results that torsion effect has no dependency relation with eccentric torsional angel adopted in code for seismic design for buildings. it is suggested that the eccentric torsional angel should not be take as the parameter of torsion effect of structures considering seismic action in two directions simultaneously ; for the structures with regular plan and elevation and with eccentricity in one direction due to irregular mass layout, the relative eccentricity can be take as the parameter of torsion effect of structures considering seismic action in two directions simultaneously ; for the structures with regular plan and elevation and with eccentricities in two directions due to irregular mass layout, the ratio of relative eccentricities in two directions and the angel of them can be take as the parameters of torsion effect of structures considering seismic action in two directions simultaneously ; it is indicated by the analysis results that the torsion effect has no dependency relation with re - entrant corner ratio adopted in code for seismic design for buildings as

    所取得的主要結論有:結構的扭轉效應與《抗震規范》所採用的扭轉不規則指標即偏心扭轉角之間的關性較差,偏心扭轉角不宜作為判斷結構是否計及扭轉效應及需考慮雙向水平地震作用的界定指標;于樓層間均勻偏心的多層單向偏心結構,建議採用偏心距作為需考慮雙向水平地震作用的界定指標,並給出針不同平面寸的界限偏心距;于樓層間均勻偏心的多層雙向偏心結構,建議採用兩個主軸方向的偏心距及其夾角作為界定指標,結合單向偏心結構的界定方案進行需考慮雙向水平地震作用的結構范圍界定;凸凹不規則結構的扭轉效應與凸凹無正關關系, 《抗震規范》要求所有平面布置不稱的凸凹不規則結構計及扭轉效應的規定欠妥當,建議凸凹不規則界限值從30改為15 ,只要求分析採用空間模型較合適; 《抗震規范》關于有效樓板寬度較小的結構需計及扭轉效應的規定很有必要,樓板局部不連續的結構需採用符合樓板實際剛度的計算模型予以分析,可使用偏心距(及其夾角)參照單向(和雙向)偏心結構的界定方案,界定樓板局部不連續結構是否需要計入雙向水平地震作用下的扭轉效應。
  16. The degree of studying geology and water in jiaodong district is quiet high. there are many kinds of basic pictures and research achievements of geology, water and environmental geology, which are good basic data for this study. but the special study for gold - mine environmental geology especially for the problem emerging owing to gold exploitation is little, only a few related articles

    膠東地區的地質、水文地質工作研究程度較高,提交過多種不同的基礎圖件、地質、水文地質和環境地質研究成果,為本文的寫作提供了有價值的基礎資料,但是膠東重點金礦區進行專門的金礦環境地質調查工作較少,特別是於一些因金礦開采造成的環境地質問題則是更少。
  17. The results of landscape classification indicate that the classification of function and configuration of rural landscape is a comprehensive and applied method which can meet the requirements of both rural landscape planning and rural landscape mapping of large scale, further, embody the characteristics of rural landscape in china. its landscape units which are classified by physiognomy and land use unit not only take on obvious characteristics of spatial configurations and relative single land utilization types, but also its classification indicators can be quantified easily

    研究結果表明,該方法能夠反映實際存在的各種景觀類型,充分考慮到了影響鄉村景觀類型的自然因素和人為因素,所劃分得景觀類型單元具有明顯的空間形態特徵和單一的土地利用方式,邊界較易確定;能夠滿足大鄉村景觀規劃和制圖的需要,體現了鄉村景觀的特點,是一種較綜合的實用性方法。
  18. Reasonable digital models and organization methods are the basic premise to digital power transmission network. this thesis discusses the classification of relevant data and the corresponding disposition methods. it provides multi - scale and multi - level digital models, and realizes the management of digital elevation model, satellite imaging, aerial photos, surface features

    合理的數據模型及組織方法是構建「數字輸電網路」的基本前提,本文討論了關數據的分類及應的處理方法,提出了多多層次的數據組織模型,較好地解決了數字高程模型、衛星照片或航拍照片、地表特徵物等海量數據的管理。
  19. From the results of these experiments, we know that the improvement effect is clear when the enhancement ratio is 1. 5. but the enhancement ratio of 2. 5 is difficult to be reached because of the optical dispersion. it shows that the enhancement ratio is limited by the size of ccd sensor ' s cell and optical dispersion

    而由於ccd像元寸與彌散斑差不多,要想獲得解析度提高2 . 5倍的高解析度圖已經很困難,說明反演解析法實際上解析度的提高是有一個上限的,這和彌散斑與ccd感光像元間的大小有關。
  20. Nowadays, dems at four map - scale levels of have been constructed in china. faced on the huge quantity information saved in the databases, we believe that a careful researching and mastering the theories and techniques of spatial data mining from dems have vital significance

    目前,我國測繪部門已基本上完成了4級dem建設,面海量的信息,研究與掌握基於dem空間數據挖掘的理論與方法,于指導dem及其關空間數據的應用具有及其重要的意義。
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