The main topic of this dissertation was the management element allocation of agricultural enterprises ( meaae ) from the theoretical study and empirical study, and put forward the allocation system, which included the strategy decision - making institution of agricultural enterprises, property right institution, the allocation institution of human resources, optimized market institution, law, investment and financing institution, the function change of government under the background of changing market at home and abroad after china " entry to wto. the dissertation analyses the problems of lower allocation efficiency in agricultural operation such as : lower liquidity of management element, the separate management, small - lot production, the influence of the new agricultural management element to agricultural economy, the lag of allocated system and model for agricultural enterprises management element based on the producing ability and economic base that were formed during twenty years of agricultural reform and d evelopment.
本文以我國加入世界貿易組織后引發的國內外市場環境變
化為研究背景，立足於我國農業改革發展二十多年形成的生產能力和經濟基礎，針對我國農業經營中存在的經營要素缺乏必要流動、經營要素分散、細
碎化配置等引起低效率配置問題，以及新型農業經營要素對農業經濟的影響和農業企業經營要素配置機制、模式等研究嚴重滯后的現狀，從理論和實證兩方面系統研究了不同類型農業企業經營要素配置制度，提出了以農業企業戰略決策制度、產權制度和人力資源配置制度為主要內容，配套優
化市場制度、法律制度、投融資制度及政府職能轉換等外部環境的農業企業經營要素配置制度體系。
Anthropogenic activities ( e. g. development, over - grazing, timber harvest ) can disrupt the structural integrity of oasis - desert landscapes and is expected to impede diversity communities across the landscape and make it fragmented. with human dimension and activities enhancing, the patchiness grain, edge density and landscape contrast become large, landscape diversity and patch fractal dimension decreased
隨著人類活動的增強，斑塊粒度、邊緣密度、分散度、對比度變大，而景觀多樣性下降，斑塊分維數變小，人類生產經營活動導致了綠洲-荒漠景觀破
碎化，綠洲和荒漠生態系統界面上的突變性、對比度和異質性增強。
The landscape structure has intensively changed ; the diversities of acreage ratio of various landscapes and the extent of landscape fragmentation have augmented a lot, the structures of land utilization get more complex, the extent of abnormity of landscape shape has enhanced
發現1996 - 2004八年間，研究區土地利用景觀變
化劇烈，各景觀類型面積比例差異增大，土地利用結構混雜，景觀破
碎化程度變大，景觀形狀不規則
化程度加劇。
Combined with landscape pattern analysis, this report draw a conclusion as follows : because people ' s knowledge about ecosystem service function is not enough, people pay attention to utilizing ecosystem, whereas they make light of building and management, which increase ecosystem fragmentation degree and decrease service function
結合景觀格局分析得出以下結論：由於人們對生態系統服務功能價值的認識不夠，長期以來，人們重利用，輕建設，輕管理，使得生態系統破
碎化加劇，服務功能降低。
In summary, the exotic species can affect native bird species in four main ways, 1 ) predation of birds or eggs by the exotic mammals ; 2 ) competition for habitats and foods with exotic birds, and loss of genetic diversity by hybridization with the closely - related exotic species ; 3 ) direct and indirect alterations of native habitats and food resources, and predation by the exotic invertebrates ; and 4 ) loss and fragmentation of habitats for native birds through altering species composition and structure of native plant communities by exotic plants
外來生物對鳥類的影響主要表現在以下幾方面： （ 1 ）外來哺乳動物對成鳥、幼鳥或鳥卵的捕食作用； （ 2 ）外來鳥類與本地鳥類競爭棲息地和食物資源，與當地的近緣種雜交而造成基因流失； （ 3 ）外來無脊椎動物改變本地鳥類的棲息環境和食物狀況，甚至直接捕食本地鳥類； （ 4 ）外來植物入侵改變入侵地的植物群落組成和結構，造成本地鳥類的棲息地喪失或破
碎化，並通過改變入侵地生態系統的食物鏈結構而對高營養級的鳥類產生影響。
The effect of patchy - distribution of mangrove on birds was complexity. its increased habitat heterogeneity can attract some different type birds. however, its result of fragmetating mangrove habitat decreased the species diversity and population size of birds
紅樹林斑塊分佈對鳥類影響比較復雜，一方面斑塊生境異質性高，可以吸引不同類型鳥類，另一方面又導致了紅樹林生境的破
碎化，減少了鳥類的活動空間，從而導致鳥類種類和數量的減少。
In the landscape element scale, the discrepancy between the fragmentation degrees of each element is quite small
在景觀要素尺度上，各景觀要素破
碎化差異較小。
Because of habitat fragmentation, illegal hunt, and disturbance of human being activity, etc, pantholops hodgsoni was endangered
由於棲息地破
碎化、盜獵及人類活動干擾等原因，藏羚種群處于瀕危狀態。
The author studied the influences on grassland bird communities caused by disturbance in the dagang forestry center in jilin province during the period from april to july in 2001 and 2002. the contents include : the influences on grassland bird communities structure caused by human activity in big scale ; the influences on grassland bird communities structure caused by grazing disturbance ; the influences for grassland bird communities structure caused by grazing disturbance ; the influences on grassland bird communities structure caused by habitat fragmentation. the main results are as follows : 1
作者於2001年和2002年4 7月，在吉林省鎮賚縣大崗林場進行了干擾對草原鳥類群落結構形成的影響研究，研究內容包括：大尺度范圍人類活動對鳥類群落組成的影響；放牧干擾對草原鳥類群落結構形成的影響；火燒對草原鳥類群落結構形成的影響；棲息地破
碎化對草原鳥類群落結構形成的影響，主要結果如下： 1
I studied the factors that influence avian community organization in zuojia narural protective reserve and dagang forestry center in jilin province during the period between april to july, 200land 2002 ( and combine part data that collected in the same area since 1996 ). the contents include : the relationship between habitat and avian community ; the resource utilizatin among avian community ; the role of community organiger in avian community ; the influnence of habitat fragmentation onavian community organization
本人於2001年和2002年4 7月，在吉林省左家自然保護區和鎮賚縣大綱林場（結合本人1996年以來在左家地區的部分調查資料）對鳥類群落結構形成的因素進行了分析研究，研究內容包括：生境選擇與鳥類群落形成的關系；鳥類群落中的資源利用；群落組織者在群落中的作用；棲息地破
碎化與鳥類群落結構的形成。
The area, perimeter and number of different patch types varied greatly ; the patch of the forest of china fir and the forest of the oak are dominant ; tea garden is most complicated ; china fir and the oak are highly fragmented and suffered a tremendous influence from human factor
各類型的面積、周長及斑塊數都不均衡；松、杉林景觀處于主導地位；茶園形狀最復雜，而松、杉林景觀破
碎化程度最高，受人為因素影響最大。
The width of stacking fault increased as partial dislocations move forward. in the fracture of 18 - 8 stainless steel, many dislocations were emitted from the crack tip during the early stage of crack propagation and moved forward, and then a dfz was formed between the crack tip and the pile - up dislocations. the dfz is an elastic zone
不銹鋼斷裂時，裂尖首先發射位錯，並離開裂尖向前運動，裂尖前方留下無位錯區，位錯反塞積在無位錯區的端部，無位錯區是應變很高的異常彈性區，隨著裂紋的擴展，無位錯區逐漸發生晶體
碎化和轉動。
The complicated mountain topography and disturbed degradation ecosystem cause the landscape characteristics of high patch size coefficient of variance, anomalistic patch shape and high fragmentation degree. the moderate erosive intensity and area are both the greatest, which mostly distributed in the degraded landscape affected by human unreasonable activities
巫溪縣復雜的山地地勢及受干擾的退
化系統，形成了其斑塊面積變異性大、形狀不規則、破
碎化程度高的景觀特點，中度侵蝕是侵蝕強度與面積均大的侵蝕類型，且主要分佈在受人類不合理開墾、濫砍濫伐活動的退
化景觀上。
The wetland habitats for many wild animals were seriously affected by this change and the habitat pattern had an obvious change, too. the area of suitable habitat ( sd 0. 35 ), which had reduced by 7637 hm2 in the ten years, was becoming smaller and more fragmented, with deteriorated quality. for red - crowned cranes, the area with high spatial diversity values ( sd 0. 65 ) and that with mid - high values ( 0. 5 sd < 0. 65 ), which constituted the main part of suitable habitat of red - crowned cranes, had reduced by 9232 hm2 and 15584 hm2 respectively, with the shrinking of natural land cover, such as reed and suaeda
研究區野生動物生境格局受人為和自然干擾的雙重影響而發生了較為明顯的變
化，整體趨勢是生境適宜性逐漸降低，適宜生境和較適宜生境（ sd 0 . 35 ）的面積十年間減少7637hm ~ 2 ，丹頂鶴的適宜生境（ sd 0 . 65 ）和較適宜生境（ 0 . 5 d < 0 . 65 ）面積分別減少9232hm ~ 2和15584hm ~ 2 ，且生境的破
碎化程度加深，在空間上呈現由北向南海向推進、由東向西壓縮之勢，生境質量呈下降趨勢。
4. in polishing process, the bronze powder flakes were flattened and polished. if the polishing process lasts too long, the flake size would be gradually decreased, which was in good accordance with the change of covering power on water
（ 4 ）銅金粉在拋光過程中，微觀上存在銅金粉片被展平拋光以及過拋后
碎化現象；宏觀上規律表現為水面遮蓋率隨拋光時間先升高后降低。
The result of the research showed : ( 1 ) the whole urban landscape fragment degree and diversity increased in 1988 - 2002, the urban landscape pattern index had relevance with the urbanization and human activity
結果表明： （ 1 ） 1988 2002年開封市景觀破
碎度加大、多樣性指數提高、整體分維略有增加，城市景觀整體上趨于復雜破
碎化。城市景觀格局與城市
化水平和人類活動有著一定的相關關系。
She has edited and co - edited several publications for columbia books on architecture cba including city fragments beijing. a um studiois an architecture and new media firm founded by ed keller and carla leitao
她亦曾為columbia books in architecture編輯許多出版品， "北京城市中的碎化"即出自她手中。
